更多课程传送门：点这里 短对话
除了和四级相同的一些视听反向原则(即听到的单词和短语要慎选) 和同义词替换原则(即准确答案经常是原文的同义词语的替换) 之外，六级的小对话在出题方向上出现过一些明显的特点，总结如下： 教授要求严格：例如布置作业很多、考试不容易过，上课要求准时、讲座难度高等等;
2002年6月 第9题：
M: Erh-erh… Looks like I'm going to be a little late for class. I hope Pro. Clark doesn't start on time today.
W: Are you kidding? You can set your watch by the time he starts his class.
Q: What can be inferred about Pro. Clark?
A) He wants his students to be on time for class.
B) He doesn't allow his students to tell jokes in class.
C) He is always punctual for his class.
D) He rarely notices which students are late.
解析：男生说：可能我得迟到一会儿了，我希望Clark 教授今天没有准点开课。女生回答：开玩笑吧，他每次开始上课(时间都很准，以至于) 你都可以对你的表。因此答案选C.
2003年1月 第6题
W: Professor Smith, I really need the credits to graduate this s ummer.
M: Here at this school the credits are earned, not given. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man thinks the woman can earn the credits.
B) The woman is begging the man to let her pass the exam.
C) The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.
D) The woman is going to graduate from summer school. 解析：女生说：教授，我需要这些学分才能暑假顺利毕业。教授回答：这个学校的学分是挣来的而不是给的。因此答案选B.
另外：作业总是很重的负担，需要了解的是，作业包括各种各样的assignment 、homework 以及reading list 。
2003年6月 第8题
M: Mr. Smith, our history professor, announced we would be doing two papers and three exams this semester. I wonder how I'm going to pull through when two other courses have similar require ments.
W: Well, can't you drop one course and pick it up next semes ter?
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
A) Do the assignments towards the end of the semester.
B) Quit the history course and choose another one instead.
C) Drop one course and do it next semester.
D) Take courses with a lighter workload.
解析：男生抱怨道我们的历史老师Smith 宣称这个学期我们要搞定两份论文三次考试。可是别的课程也有类似的要求，我都不知道我该怎么去应付了。女生建议道那你为什么不退一门课呢? 下学期再选也不迟啊。因此答案选C 。
预订难以成功：房间、交通或演出的票、商品等都很难订到或买到。
M: I wonder whether it would be possible to change this doub le room to two single rooms.
W: Sorry, sir. All the single rooms are occupied. But if you li ke, I can check with Imperial Hotel to see if they have any. Q: What's the woman going to do for the man?
A) Let him move to a room with two single beds.
B) Check to see if there are any vacancies in her hotel.
C) Try to help him find rooms in another hotel.
D) Show him the way to Imperial Hotel.
解析：中男生说：我不知道能不能把这个双人间换成两个单人间。女生回答：对不起先生，所有的单人间都订满了。如果你想要的话，我可以给你查查帝国饭店看看它们有没有。因此答案选C 。 女生更爱学习、男生更爱娱乐：
2000年1月 第1题
W: It's a pity you missed the concert yesterday evening. It wa s wonderful.
M: I didn't want to miss the football game. Well, I'm not a cl assical music fan anyway.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man was sorry to miss the football game.
B) The man attended the concert, but didn't like it.
C) The man was sorry that he didn't attend the concert.
D) The man is more interested in football than in classical mu sic.
解析：中男生说：你错过了昨天晚上的音乐会真可惜。它很棒的。男生回答：我不想错过足球赛啊，况且我不是一个古典音乐迷。因此答案选D 。
另外，交通工具容易迟到，邀约对方容易遭到拒绝(吃饭的邀请容易成功) ，事故中人不会死亡而是生还等特色规律都可以在题目中找到大量的佐证。
长对话
单就长对话而言，长对话作为六级听力改革后的新题型体现了命题组对于考试改革的诉求——强调在实际环境中的语言运用能力。涉及到的对话场景内容非常广泛，从校园生活到生活中的各种场景。学生可以通过抓住―信号词‖ 来判断具体场景。经常涉及到的场景有：旅游(飞机，机场，出行准备等) ，校园，工作面试，访谈等。
例题：2008年12月第一篇长对话
22.A. Organizing protests C. Acting as its spokesman 。
B. Recruiting members D. Saving endangered animals 。
23. A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations B. Anti-nuclear campai gns
C. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor D. Removing industrial waste 。
24.A. By harassing them. C. By taking legal action 。
B. By appealing to the public D. By resorting to force 。
25. A. Doubtful B. Reserved C. Indifferent. D. Supportive 听力原文：
W: Right, well, in the studio this morning, for our interview s pot is Peter Wilson(人名，重要). Peter works for Green Peace (特殊表达，文章主题词). So, Peter, welcome 。
M: Thanks a lot. It's good to be here 。
W: Great! Now, Peter, perhaps you can tell us something abou t Green Peace and your job there. (寒暄，为了迷惑考生，此处进入正题)
M: Sure. Well, I'll start by telling you roughly what Green Pe ace is all about. I actually work in London for the Green Peace or ganization(人物职业，22题考点1). We've been going for a few dec ades and we're a non-violent, non-political organization. We're invol ved in anti-nuclear activity, conservation and protection of animals and protection and support of our eco-system. I'm the action organi zer and arrange any protests 。(人物职业重复，22题考点。视听基本一致原则。)
W: Right! A pretty important role. Peter. What sort of protest would you organize?
M: Well, recently we've been involved in anti-nuclear campaig ns. (问答关系，23题考点。视听一致原则。)I, personally arranged f or the demonstration against radioactive waste dumping in the Atlan
tic Ocean. We've got a few small Green Peace boats that we haras s(特殊词汇，首次出现，24题考点2) the dumping ship with 。 W: Say? Hold on, Peter. I thought you said your organization was non-violent. What do you mean by "harass"? (重复核心词，也是问题所在。问答关系。)
M: Well, we circle round and round the ships and get in the way when they try to dump the drums of nuclear waste in the se a 。(针对问题harass 的具体回答，24题考点。) We talk to the men and try to change, you know, yell at them to stop. We generally make ourselves as much of a nuisance as possible 。
M: Well, people may think differently of your methods, but th ere's no doubt you're doing a great job 。(转折词but+态度判断词gr eat ，25题考点4) ， keep it up and good luck (继续态度判断). And thanks for talking with us 。
W: Thanks for having me 。
Q22. What is the man's chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization?
Q23. What has Green Peace been involved in recently?
Q24. How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?
Q25. What is the woman's attitude towards the Green Peace's campaigns?
Keys: ABAD
解析：做题的时候一定要和短文一样对题目的出题位置有明确的把握，位置感很重要。一般而言，对话时，开头的客套以及问候与结尾的道别结束语很少出题，而对话中段往往才是重点。另外，本段长对话使用到了视听基本一致的原则。24题的考法是长对话中最典型的一种，就是针对动作行为进行发问，考点在于考生需要听明白人物发出的动作是什么，原文的动词harass 和选项的harass 是一摸一样，属于最简单的考法，而且原文重复两次，因此考生对此即便是不知道harass 是什么意思也能选对。25题的考法是一贯的长对话结尾题，往往以态度判断和结论作为考察对象，此题选项均为态度词，很容易判断，另外，注意到选项呈现―三负一正‖的格局，因此答案是显然的。本段长对话的几个特色词汇也需要注意：harass 指―骚扰‖，绿色和平组织采取―和平骚扰‖的方式，影响那些倾倒核废料(dumping nuclear waste) 的人们，而没有采取诉诸武力(resorting force) 的方式。
英语六级听力小对话神蒙原则
一." 阴胜阳衰" 原则: (即答案中出现以下情况可能是对的)
1. 男生学习不好, 不爱学习; 女生爱学习, 学的也好.
2. 男生等女生.
3. 男生在遇到困难的时候往往比较消极, 而女生往往比较乐观, 不怕困难, 还开导男生.
4. 男生总是很猴急, 不够沉稳, 心里素质不行; 女生很稳重, 成熟, 细心.
5. 男生对女生基本上是" 唯命是从" 原则.
6. 男生总是不太爱学习, 女生则认为一定要好好学习, 尤其是开始之前更应该话功夫; 而且女生很关心男生的学习, 经常一某些方式帮助男生.
7. 男生惹女生生气, 然后向女生道歉. 女生还是比较宽容的, 能原谅他们.
二. 请客吃饭场景 (即答案中出现以下情况可能是对的)
1. 一般有邀请时都答应, 或者说我很愿意去, 但是有某些事情耽误了.
2. 要求回请
3. 赞扬主人做的饭好吃
4. 特别的食物, 一般指意大利的西班牙或者泰国(thailand)的食物
三. 教授讲课场景. (原则同上)
出现生动有趣, 深刻抽象都对.(同时出现生动与抽象, 只能去跳楼了)
四. 住宿场景.(原则同上)
一般为学生租房子或者几个人share 一个房间, 一般以穷, 房子, 家具破, 旧, 价格低为特点-
五. 学生找工作场景.(原则同上)
学生免试很紧张, 重视免试, 准备知识, 喜欢去大公司, 因为远而放弃, 担心是否需要工作经验.
六. 阅读场景.(原则同上)
没时间, 没读完或者读了一部分, 因为没意思所以没读.
七. 学生贫穷原则.(原则同上)
" 想家" 原则, 没钱买书只好借, 在周末给家打电话, 因为便宜. 去买打折, 二手的东西.
八. 为出和天气场景.(原则同上)
男生:听天尤命, 因为坏天气而取消 女生:担心天气下雨
九. 做飞机场景.(原则同上)
一般做飞机的时候都会出现问题, 比如机票卖光了, 飞机晚点, 取消了, 或者交通堵塞没有赶上飞机, 就算赶上了也是很仓促.
十. 家用电器或办公用品场景(熟悉下面的词汇, 当然是听熟)
power plug, press the play button,power indicator,the sounds do n't
come through,break down,have it fixed
十一. 分别场景.(原则同九)
男生不愿意分开, 因为女生要走而伤心, 告诉女生回去看她, 一般在圣诞节和感恩节去, 女生则安慰男生不要担心, 会回来的. 十二. 观赏艺术品场景.(熟悉下列词汇)
oil painting,title,an early eighteen century work,look up sth.at t he
catalogue(目录),art gallery(长廊),museum
十三. 教授/医生繁忙原则(略)
十四. 向邻居委托场景(略)
十五. 做火车场景.(原则同十一)
有意思, 很刺激, 可以看风景.
十六. 图书馆场景.(熟悉下列词汇)
latest issue,catalogue,due,over-due(过期),pay a fine(罚款),novel, fiction(科幻, 虚幻类小说),journal(期刊),periodical(期刊),reference (参考) books,
a wide circulation(发行量)
连接词辨析
因为：because, as, since, for
Because:从句是重点，一般位于主句之后;
As:主句是重点，原因只是附带说明，不能用于回答―why‖;
Since:意思与as 相近，但是语气更加强和正式，用来表示显然的，已知的理由;
For:理由只是补充说明，有时相当于because ，即可表直接原因，但有时则不可，例如：
The ground is wet this morning, for/because it rained last night。 It is morning, for the birds are singing in the trees。(注意! 鸟唱歌不是早晨来临的原因。)
所以：therefore, hence, consequently, then, accordingly, so Therefore:它引出的语句属于由前述内容得出的结论;
Hence:可与therefore 换用，但强调前述内容的重要性;
Consequently:较正式，但不总包含推理的必然，倒是包含结论有依据或是可能性;
Then:表逻辑上的承上启下，多见于条件句;
Accordingly:其内涵顺其自然或依通例行事，而不是一种必然或不可避免的事;
So:最通俗，其为其中唯一的连词!
虽然：although, despite, though, while, as:
Although:位于句首;
Though:位于主句后;
Despite:在―虽然‖中，唯一的介词;
While:必须置于主句之前;
As:形容词，副词，名词(单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an)，行为动词(带状语或宾语) 之于句首，引起部分倒装，例如：
Poor as he was, he was honest。
Child as/though/that she was, she was more clever than an adult。
注意!much as作―虽然‖讲，为固定用法。
最后，最终：finally, eventually
Finally:表示一系列事物和论点的顺序，一般不带感情色彩;
Eventually:将必然发生的结局，可用于预卜未来。
特别地，尤其地：especially, particularly, peculiarly, specially Especially:多用于正式文体;
Specially:在表示―为了某一特殊目的时‖，只能用这个;
Particularly:特别提及或强调地; 个别地或具体地，有时可与especially
通用;
Peculiarly:与众不同，罕见地，强调独特型。
当……时候： as, when, while
(1)：when 从句谓语动词所表示的动作可以发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动词之前，而while 和as 从句谓语动词表示的动作一般都与主句谓语动词同时发生;
(2)：when/as从句表示的时间可以是某一瞬间或某一点，而while 从句不能只时间的一点，因为while 意为―for as long as‖或―during the time that‖;
(3)：当as,when,while 表示两个动作同时发生时，一般而言，while 表示的动作持续时间较长，而as/when表示的动作持续的时间较短;
(4)：可用when/while+doing，但as 不行
(5)：while 从句的动词即可表动作又可表状态，而as 从句中的动词只能表示动作;
(6)：when 引导的从句也可以是新信息，这是when 作―and at this moment‖或―and then‖讲，意为―这时突然‖或―然后‖。
高频词汇复习笔记
1. consensus n. 意见一致; 共识，同意
该词主要用在政治、商业等环境中。
have /reach consensus on sth。
The two parties reached consensus on this issue。
两个政党在这件事上达成共识。
2. consequent a. (作为后果) 随之发生的，合乎逻辑的 n. 推论，结论
be consequent on /upon 跟着……发生，因……而起，随……而发生的 consequent succession 因果演替
His failure was consequent on his laziness。
他的失败归因于他的懒惰。
3. conserve v. 保护; 保存; 节省
表示―保存、储藏‖的词还有很多，他们的区别如下：
conserve 正式用词，指不小心地使用难以补充的资源或贵重物品，免遭浪费和破坏，以备不时之需。
maintain 指保持原样，不增不减。
preserve 侧重将物品完好无损地保存下来，防止损害，变质等。 save 普通用词，指尽量少用，以争取数量上有所增加，比如存钱，save money。
store 普通用词，指将物品存放，以备将来使用。
Everyone should conserve trees。
每个人都应该好好保护树。
4. consolidate v. 巩固; 使联合，合并
表示巩固，意思类似于strengthen ，reinforce ，intensify 等，表示(企业) 合并，则等同于merge 。
Britain is trying to consolidate her position in the North Atlantic area 。
英国正试图巩固它在北大西洋地区的地位。
5. conspicuous a. 显眼的，显著的，显而易见的
英语中表示―显著的、引人注意的‖词还有以下几个，他们的区别是：
conspicuous 通常指因成绩卓著而引人注意，也可指因外观奇特、
花哨或言行举止不合常规而引人注意。
outstanding 通常指因比同行或同类相比显得杰出、优秀，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。
noticeable 指所描绘的事物引人注意。
remarkable 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。
striking 侧重指给观察者留下强烈而深刻的印象。
The girl in red in the snowfield is very conspicuous。
那个在雪地里穿着红衣服的女孩子特别引人注目。
6. contaminate v. 污染; 弄脏
contaminate 跟pollute 相比更书面化，为新闻常用语，表示化学物质、放射物等的污染。形容词形式是contaminative 。
She is always worrying that the water is being contaminated by nuclear radiation。
她总是担心水被核辐射所污染。
7. contemplate v. 沉思; 凝视
英语中表示―思考‖的动词有很多，他们的区别如下：
contemplate 通常指长时间的思考，有时含无确定目的的意思。 think 普通用词，指需要一定时间进行思考以形成某种想法或念头。
consider 侧重一时的对某事的考虑，也只长时间的深入的思考。 You must contemplate the results of the action。
你得考虑清楚这样做的后果。
8. contempt n. 轻视
hold in contempt 轻视，认为 self-contempt 自我轻视，自卑 bring contempt upon oneself 自取其辱，自讨没趣 hold sb. in contempt 鄙视某人
It seems that he holds Mike in contempt。
他似乎很瞧不起迈克。
9. contend v. 竞争，争夺，奋斗; 争论，辩论
contend 指为战胜或击败对手进行不懈努力，强调拼搏。也可指口头上进行有对立情绪或严重分歧的争论。
This firm is too small to contend against large multinational corporation 。
这家公司太小了，没法同大型跨国企业竞争。
10. contradict v. 相矛盾
contradict 是及物动词，后面直接接宾语。
What you said contradicts with what we had heard。
你说的跟我们听到的相互矛盾。
六级听力选择题目答题方法点拨：
一、基本解题技巧
小对话解题技巧之一：视听反向原则、同义替换原则。
视听反向原则是指，在小对话的题目中，看似明显被读到的选项反而更容易是错的。但须注意，当小对话原文本身较长或生僻词较多
时，该原则可能会出现特例，如 03年6月第8题。
同义替换是指，若某一选项中的单词或短语是听力原文中单词或短语的同义形式，则该选项容易为正确。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第11题
A) The man failed to keep his promise.
B) The woman has a poor memory.
C) The man borrowed the book from the library.
D) The woman does not need the book any more.
原文：
M: Oh, I’m so sorry I forgot to bring along the book you borrowed from the library.
W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为A. 其中，另外三项的大部分单词或短语都被读到。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第13题
A) The printing on her T-shirt has faded.
B) It is not in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.
C) She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.
D) It is not a good idea to buy the T-shirt.
原文：
M: I think I’ll get one of those new T -shirts, you know, with the school’s logo on both the front and back.
W: You’ll regret it. They are expensive, and I’ve heard the printing fades easily when you wash them.
Q: What does the woman mean?
解析：准确答案D 。其中A 和C 中都有若干单词被读中，听到的慎选。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第18题
A) The speakers will dress formally for the concert.
B) The man will return home before going to the concert.
C) It is the first time the speakers are attending a concert.
D) The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert. 原文：
M: Honey, I’ll be going straight to the theatre from work this evening. Could you bring my suit and tie along?
W: Sure, it’s the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our city, so suit and tie is a must.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
解析：准确答案A 。容易错选C ，听到的慎选。正确答案A 中，
dress formally和suit and tie同义替换。
小对话解题技巧之二：动作题的处理方式。
选项均以动词原形或to do 形式开头的题目为动作题。放音时，注意抓情态动词(如could, should, would, may, can, have to, must等) 和建议/请求句型(如Why not do…, Will you do…)，其中包含的主要动作即为该题答案。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第15题
A) Leave Daisy alone for the time being.
B) Go see Daisy immediately.
C) Apologize to Daisy again by phone.
D) Buy Daisy a new notebook.
原文：
M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize to again?
W: Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
解析：准确答案A 。这是一道动作题，原文中出现建议句型if I were you, I’d…所以答案即是…let her cool off a few days before I approach her的同义替换形式。此题另一难点在于A 选项中短语for the time being意思是―目前暂时‖。
长对话和短文听力解题技巧：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则
视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确。这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。
同义替换原则，同小对话。
特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中特殊词(如序数词1st ，极端词most 、most important、only 、all 等，逻辑连接词because 、since 、but 、however ，以及自问自答的回答部分或直接引语) 后面很可能出现正确答案信息。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第1道长对话：
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. 答案D
A) He wants to sign a long-term contract.
B) He is good at both language and literature.
C) He prefers teaching to administrative work.
D) He is undecided as to which job to go for.
20. 答案C
A) They hate exams.
B) The all plan to study in Cambridge.
C) They are all adults.
D) They are going to work in companies.
21. 答案B
A) Difficult but rewarding.
B) Varied and interesting.
C) Time-consuming and tiring.
D) Demanding and frustrating.
原文：
Conversation 1
M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy. W: So you are not sure which to go for? (第19题答案，视听基本一致与同义替换，not sure替换undecided)
M: That’s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the language school is only offering a year’s contract, and that’s a different minus. It could be renewed, but you never know.
W: I see. So it’s much less secure. But you don’t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.
M: That’s true.
W: What about the salaries?
M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. I’ll be
getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there, but only ￡20,000 at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic I’d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administrations, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.
W: Mmm…
M: Then the type of teaching is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. (第20题答案，特殊词so 以及all ，结合同义替换的思想) The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of children’s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.
W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting.(第21题答案，完全的视听基本一致) And I’d imagine you would be doing quire a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.
M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position, I’d be stuck in the school all day.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard:
Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation? Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?
Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language school? 例题：
2010年6月六级考试第2道长对话：
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. 答案C
A) Interviewing a moving star.
B) Discussing teenage role models.
C) Hosting a television show.
D) Reviewing a new biography.
23. 答案A
A) He lost his mother.
B) He was unhappy in California.
C) He missed his aunt.
D) He had to attend school there.
24. 答案B
A) He delivered public speeches.
B) He got seriously into acting.
C) He hosted talk shows on TV.
D) He played a role in East of Eden.
25. 答案B
A) He made numerous popular movies.
B) He has long been a legendary figure.
C) He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies.
D) He was the most successful actor of his time.
原文：
Conversation 2
Good evening and welcome to tonight's edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.(第22题答案，场景题，抓代表词―welcome to +节目名称‖等，Studio 场景从长对话出现至今在该题型内已出现三次)
W: Good evening, Edward.
M: Hello Tina.
W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life.
M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn't there long though because his mother passed away just four years later(第23题答案，注意逻辑关系词though 以及because). Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.
W: So how did he get into acting?
M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting(第24题答案，视听基本一致). In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting. W: Then when did his movie career really start?
M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous.
Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that was about teenagers who felt like they didn't fit into society.
W: So how many more movies did he make?
M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.
W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?(该句及上下文各一句构成第25题答案，需要运用视听基本一致并结合一些概括)
M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.
Q22 What is the woman doing?
Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?
Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?
Q25 What do we know about James Dean from the conversation? 例题：
2010年6月六级考试第2篇短文听力：
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. 答案C
A) Some of them had once experienced an earthquake.
B) Most of them lacked interest in the subject.
C) Very few of them knew much about geology.
D) A couple of them had listened to a similar speech before.
31. 答案B
A) By reflecting on Americans' previous failures in predicting earthquakes.
B) By noting where the most severe earthquake in U. S. history occurred.
C) By describing the destructive power of earthquakes.
D) By explaining some essential geological principles.
32. 答案C
A) Interrupt him whenever he detected a mistake.
B) Focus on the accuracy of the language he used.
C) Stop him when he had difficulty understanding.
D) Write down any points where he could improve.
原文：
Passage 2
Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience and analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about
geology(第30题答案，视听基本一致，定位点为only ，anything). Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language. As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, ―How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?‖ Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811.(第31题答案，视听基本一致，定位点since 及案例) If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates’ attention. Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, d iagramming photo line, so his classmates wouldn’t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. ―Stop me,‖ he said, ―any time I say something you don’t understand.‖ Juan’s roommate stopped him four times.(第32题答案，视听基本一致，定位点为举例直接引语) And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectly understandable to his audience. Questions 30 – 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience? Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?
二、审题及利用选项推知答案
1、审题的作用：
小对话——看选项，判断题目类型，推知解题方法。
长对话及短文——看选项，推断问题，方便运用视听基本一致原则且帮助定位。预测长对话或短文的主题。
2、如何在完全听不懂的情况下通过选项推知答案：
一般的，当两个选项意思相近或谈论的话题相同时，其中一个可能是正确答案; 当两个选项通过同义转换使得实际观点相同时，两个选项均不是答案; 当两个选项话题相同且意思相反时，其中一个可能是正确答案。
例题：
2009年6月六级考试第14题
14. .A. She can help the man take care of the plants.
B. Most plants grow better in direct sunlight.
C. The plants need to be watered frequently.
D. The plants should be placed in a shady spot.
答案：D
原文：
14. M: The plants next to the window always look brown. You wouldn’t know by looking at them that I water them every week.
W: Maybe they don’t like direct sunlight. I had the same problem with some of my plants. And a little shade helps them immensely. Q: What does the woman imply?
解析：只看选项，CD 选项相近且主语都是The plants ，话题相同;BD 选项话题相同且意思相反，所以选D 。
三、新闻听力相关知识
2010年6月第一篇短文考察了新闻篇章听力。接下来简要介绍新闻听力相关知识。
决定新闻听力解题能力的主要是以下三个方面：
1、底词积累
所谓―底词‖，是指在新闻英语中作为基础词的相关词汇，包括常见熟词的新闻范畴生僻词义以及专门的新闻用词。不仅要知道其含义，更要对其发音十分熟悉。
比如，新闻听力最难的类型莫过于财政新闻，因为很多考生对于数字并不敏感，且对于财政方面的词汇积累更是有限，比如―multilateral currency realignment‖(跨国货币调整) ，不是学金融方面专业的同学恐怕会觉得无从下手。
类似这样的词汇很多在于日常的积累，这里举几个例子供大家参考：
毕业生就业率 graduate employment rate
占有一个较大比例 form/constitute a large proportion
贫富分化 polarization between the rich and the poor
社会保障体系 social security system
危险被大大遏制了 the risk is largely contained
由于新闻词汇涵盖面很广，大家在业余时间应该去留意一下一些国家名、地名、政要名字等; 大家同样也应多注意看一下CCTV-9的BizChina 等财经节目以及各英语电视台的政治新闻，有助于提高财经和政治新闻方面的专业词汇量。
2、是否熟悉常见新闻结构
相对于一般短文，新闻有一些相对固定的比较常见的结构，如倒金字塔结构(最核心最重要的信息在最前面，之后一点点打开细节叙述) 。最常考的新闻出题思路就是一个中心加若干细节的设题。把握住常见新闻结构的解题效率远高于盲目跟听。
3、是否能够根据自己的既有知识框架进行有效联想
几乎没有考生可以一次性听清楚新闻中的每一个单词，但这往往并不是决定这套新闻题目做的准确率高低的关键。新闻中具有大量的信息，但并不是所有信息都是有用信息。在进行有效的题目预设后，无关信息在听的过程中应该大胆放弃。遇到较难的专业词汇时，也不要慌张，通过联系上下文及开篇导语句进行词义句义猜测，千万不要顾此失彼，纠结在一个词义上而影响其他内容的听记。有效联想的练习应该落实在平时，要多注意积累，熟悉近期的国际时事，尤其政治、经济、重大科技发明等方面的事件。
新闻听力解题方案提要：
1、听前预审题。
主要通过选项猜测这篇新闻的主要谈论内容是什么。比如通过jump, decline 等词结合数字猜知这是财经新闻，通过casualty, deaths 等词猜知该新闻很可能会谈到一个事故和伤亡人数，通过政要的名字猜知可能会谈及政治时事等。审题同样可以结合高频词汇、是否主语相同需看谓语、是否出现极端词、时态提示点等几个通用审题要点。
2、听时抓首句。
最常见的倒金字塔新闻格式决定了最常考的新闻出题思路就是一个中心加若干细节的设题。所以，首句群作为全文的开始，通常是重要信息点的罗列，必须要认真听。
3、不忘记笔记。
除了抓住首句群，新闻听力同样要求大家能够时时做笔记，建议结合新闻结构，用分类流程图的方式快速记录新闻的要点。注意要按逻辑顺序记录，不要只记下无关堆砌的一堆词。此外，考生平时应该注意培养速记的习惯。
4、联想加回忆。
很多考生如果平时做到关心时事，那么真的在考试中遇到熟悉事情的新闻篇章也不足为奇。新闻本身就是对时事的记录，所以有的同学认为新闻听力有道理可循有范围可押题，这在一定程度上是讲得通的。建议大家可以多登录比如yahoo 英语新闻和CRI 、CCTV-9等英语新闻媒体，做好日常积累，在考试的时候进行有效的联想和回忆，拿高分则胜算在手。
附：7个2010年6月六级考试听力题目中出现的重点词汇和短
语
1) As long as ―只要‖
见11题Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?
2) If I were you, I would do… 表建议―如果我是你，我会…‖
见15题Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.
3) fatigue ―疲惫，疲劳‖
单词难度较大，见12题B) Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.
4) equivalent ―等价物; 等值的‖
单词高频且难度大，见2010年6月长对话原文部分I’ll be getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there…
5) at the scene ―在现场‖
见2010年6月第一篇短文新闻Rescue workers were at the scene.
6) deal with ―处理，应对‖相当于cope with和handle, tackle
见2010年6月第二篇短文原文Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms.
7) psychological ―心理学的‖多次在短文及复合式听写原文出现。 见2010年6月复合式听写and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language…
8) be linked to 与…有联系
见2010年6月复合式听写原文whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease, and early death.
更多课程传送门：点这里 短对话
除了和四级相同的一些视听反向原则(即听到的单词和短语要慎选) 和同义词替换原则(即准确答案经常是原文的同义词语的替换) 之外，六级的小对话在出题方向上出现过一些明显的特点，总结如下： 教授要求严格：例如布置作业很多、考试不容易过，上课要求准时、讲座难度高等等;
2002年6月 第9题：
M: Erh-erh… Looks like I'm going to be a little late for class. I hope Pro. Clark doesn't start on time today.
W: Are you kidding? You can set your watch by the time he starts his class.
Q: What can be inferred about Pro. Clark?
A) He wants his students to be on time for class.
B) He doesn't allow his students to tell jokes in class.
C) He is always punctual for his class.
D) He rarely notices which students are late.
解析：男生说：可能我得迟到一会儿了，我希望Clark 教授今天没有准点开课。女生回答：开玩笑吧，他每次开始上课(时间都很准，以至于) 你都可以对你的表。因此答案选C.
2003年1月 第6题
W: Professor Smith, I really need the credits to graduate this s ummer.
M: Here at this school the credits are earned, not given. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man thinks the woman can earn the credits.
B) The woman is begging the man to let her pass the exam.
C) The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.
D) The woman is going to graduate from summer school. 解析：女生说：教授，我需要这些学分才能暑假顺利毕业。教授回答：这个学校的学分是挣来的而不是给的。因此答案选B.
另外：作业总是很重的负担，需要了解的是，作业包括各种各样的assignment 、homework 以及reading list 。
2003年6月 第8题
M: Mr. Smith, our history professor, announced we would be doing two papers and three exams this semester. I wonder how I'm going to pull through when two other courses have similar require ments.
W: Well, can't you drop one course and pick it up next semes ter?
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
A) Do the assignments towards the end of the semester.
B) Quit the history course and choose another one instead.
C) Drop one course and do it next semester.
D) Take courses with a lighter workload.
解析：男生抱怨道我们的历史老师Smith 宣称这个学期我们要搞定两份论文三次考试。可是别的课程也有类似的要求，我都不知道我该怎么去应付了。女生建议道那你为什么不退一门课呢? 下学期再选也不迟啊。因此答案选C 。
预订难以成功：房间、交通或演出的票、商品等都很难订到或买到。
M: I wonder whether it would be possible to change this doub le room to two single rooms.
W: Sorry, sir. All the single rooms are occupied. But if you li ke, I can check with Imperial Hotel to see if they have any. Q: What's the woman going to do for the man?
A) Let him move to a room with two single beds.
B) Check to see if there are any vacancies in her hotel.
C) Try to help him find rooms in another hotel.
D) Show him the way to Imperial Hotel.
解析：中男生说：我不知道能不能把这个双人间换成两个单人间。女生回答：对不起先生，所有的单人间都订满了。如果你想要的话，我可以给你查查帝国饭店看看它们有没有。因此答案选C 。 女生更爱学习、男生更爱娱乐：
2000年1月 第1题
W: It's a pity you missed the concert yesterday evening. It wa s wonderful.
M: I didn't want to miss the football game. Well, I'm not a cl assical music fan anyway.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man was sorry to miss the football game.
B) The man attended the concert, but didn't like it.
C) The man was sorry that he didn't attend the concert.
D) The man is more interested in football than in classical mu sic.
解析：中男生说：你错过了昨天晚上的音乐会真可惜。它很棒的。男生回答：我不想错过足球赛啊，况且我不是一个古典音乐迷。因此答案选D 。
另外，交通工具容易迟到，邀约对方容易遭到拒绝(吃饭的邀请容易成功) ，事故中人不会死亡而是生还等特色规律都可以在题目中找到大量的佐证。
长对话
单就长对话而言，长对话作为六级听力改革后的新题型体现了命题组对于考试改革的诉求——强调在实际环境中的语言运用能力。涉及到的对话场景内容非常广泛，从校园生活到生活中的各种场景。学生可以通过抓住―信号词‖ 来判断具体场景。经常涉及到的场景有：旅游(飞机，机场，出行准备等) ，校园，工作面试，访谈等。
例题：2008年12月第一篇长对话
22.A. Organizing protests C. Acting as its spokesman 。
B. Recruiting members D. Saving endangered animals 。
23. A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations B. Anti-nuclear campai gns
C. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor D. Removing industrial waste 。
24.A. By harassing them. C. By taking legal action 。
B. By appealing to the public D. By resorting to force 。
25. A. Doubtful B. Reserved C. Indifferent. D. Supportive 听力原文：
W: Right, well, in the studio this morning, for our interview s pot is Peter Wilson(人名，重要). Peter works for Green Peace (特殊表达，文章主题词). So, Peter, welcome 。
M: Thanks a lot. It's good to be here 。
W: Great! Now, Peter, perhaps you can tell us something abou t Green Peace and your job there. (寒暄，为了迷惑考生，此处进入正题)
M: Sure. Well, I'll start by telling you roughly what Green Pe ace is all about. I actually work in London for the Green Peace or ganization(人物职业，22题考点1). We've been going for a few dec ades and we're a non-violent, non-political organization. We're invol ved in anti-nuclear activity, conservation and protection of animals and protection and support of our eco-system. I'm the action organi zer and arrange any protests 。(人物职业重复，22题考点。视听基本一致原则。)
W: Right! A pretty important role. Peter. What sort of protest would you organize?
M: Well, recently we've been involved in anti-nuclear campaig ns. (问答关系，23题考点。视听一致原则。)I, personally arranged f or the demonstration against radioactive waste dumping in the Atlan
tic Ocean. We've got a few small Green Peace boats that we haras s(特殊词汇，首次出现，24题考点2) the dumping ship with 。 W: Say? Hold on, Peter. I thought you said your organization was non-violent. What do you mean by "harass"? (重复核心词，也是问题所在。问答关系。)
M: Well, we circle round and round the ships and get in the way when they try to dump the drums of nuclear waste in the se a 。(针对问题harass 的具体回答，24题考点。) We talk to the men and try to change, you know, yell at them to stop. We generally make ourselves as much of a nuisance as possible 。
M: Well, people may think differently of your methods, but th ere's no doubt you're doing a great job 。(转折词but+态度判断词gr eat ，25题考点4) ， keep it up and good luck (继续态度判断). And thanks for talking with us 。
W: Thanks for having me 。
Q22. What is the man's chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization?
Q23. What has Green Peace been involved in recently?
Q24. How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?
Q25. What is the woman's attitude towards the Green Peace's campaigns?
Keys: ABAD
解析：做题的时候一定要和短文一样对题目的出题位置有明确的把握，位置感很重要。一般而言，对话时，开头的客套以及问候与结尾的道别结束语很少出题，而对话中段往往才是重点。另外，本段长对话使用到了视听基本一致的原则。24题的考法是长对话中最典型的一种，就是针对动作行为进行发问，考点在于考生需要听明白人物发出的动作是什么，原文的动词harass 和选项的harass 是一摸一样，属于最简单的考法，而且原文重复两次，因此考生对此即便是不知道harass 是什么意思也能选对。25题的考法是一贯的长对话结尾题，往往以态度判断和结论作为考察对象，此题选项均为态度词，很容易判断，另外，注意到选项呈现―三负一正‖的格局，因此答案是显然的。本段长对话的几个特色词汇也需要注意：harass 指―骚扰‖，绿色和平组织采取―和平骚扰‖的方式，影响那些倾倒核废料(dumping nuclear waste) 的人们，而没有采取诉诸武力(resorting force) 的方式。
英语六级听力小对话神蒙原则
一." 阴胜阳衰" 原则: (即答案中出现以下情况可能是对的)
1. 男生学习不好, 不爱学习; 女生爱学习, 学的也好.
2. 男生等女生.
3. 男生在遇到困难的时候往往比较消极, 而女生往往比较乐观, 不怕困难, 还开导男生.
4. 男生总是很猴急, 不够沉稳, 心里素质不行; 女生很稳重, 成熟, 细心.
5. 男生对女生基本上是" 唯命是从" 原则.
6. 男生总是不太爱学习, 女生则认为一定要好好学习, 尤其是开始之前更应该话功夫; 而且女生很关心男生的学习, 经常一某些方式帮助男生.
7. 男生惹女生生气, 然后向女生道歉. 女生还是比较宽容的, 能原谅他们.
二. 请客吃饭场景 (即答案中出现以下情况可能是对的)
1. 一般有邀请时都答应, 或者说我很愿意去, 但是有某些事情耽误了.
2. 要求回请
3. 赞扬主人做的饭好吃
4. 特别的食物, 一般指意大利的西班牙或者泰国(thailand)的食物
三. 教授讲课场景. (原则同上)
出现生动有趣, 深刻抽象都对.(同时出现生动与抽象, 只能去跳楼了)
四. 住宿场景.(原则同上)
一般为学生租房子或者几个人share 一个房间, 一般以穷, 房子, 家具破, 旧, 价格低为特点-
五. 学生找工作场景.(原则同上)
学生免试很紧张, 重视免试, 准备知识, 喜欢去大公司, 因为远而放弃, 担心是否需要工作经验.
六. 阅读场景.(原则同上)
没时间, 没读完或者读了一部分, 因为没意思所以没读.
七. 学生贫穷原则.(原则同上)
" 想家" 原则, 没钱买书只好借, 在周末给家打电话, 因为便宜. 去买打折, 二手的东西.
八. 为出和天气场景.(原则同上)
男生:听天尤命, 因为坏天气而取消 女生:担心天气下雨
九. 做飞机场景.(原则同上)
一般做飞机的时候都会出现问题, 比如机票卖光了, 飞机晚点, 取消了, 或者交通堵塞没有赶上飞机, 就算赶上了也是很仓促.
十. 家用电器或办公用品场景(熟悉下面的词汇, 当然是听熟)
power plug, press the play button,power indicator,the sounds do n't
come through,break down,have it fixed
十一. 分别场景.(原则同九)
男生不愿意分开, 因为女生要走而伤心, 告诉女生回去看她, 一般在圣诞节和感恩节去, 女生则安慰男生不要担心, 会回来的. 十二. 观赏艺术品场景.(熟悉下列词汇)
oil painting,title,an early eighteen century work,look up sth.at t he
catalogue(目录),art gallery(长廊),museum
十三. 教授/医生繁忙原则(略)
十四. 向邻居委托场景(略)
十五. 做火车场景.(原则同十一)
有意思, 很刺激, 可以看风景.
十六. 图书馆场景.(熟悉下列词汇)
latest issue,catalogue,due,over-due(过期),pay a fine(罚款),novel, fiction(科幻, 虚幻类小说),journal(期刊),periodical(期刊),reference (参考) books,
a wide circulation(发行量)
连接词辨析
因为：because, as, since, for
Because:从句是重点，一般位于主句之后;
As:主句是重点，原因只是附带说明，不能用于回答―why‖;
Since:意思与as 相近，但是语气更加强和正式，用来表示显然的，已知的理由;
For:理由只是补充说明，有时相当于because ，即可表直接原因，但有时则不可，例如：
The ground is wet this morning, for/because it rained last night。 It is morning, for the birds are singing in the trees。(注意! 鸟唱歌不是早晨来临的原因。)
所以：therefore, hence, consequently, then, accordingly, so Therefore:它引出的语句属于由前述内容得出的结论;
Hence:可与therefore 换用，但强调前述内容的重要性;
Consequently:较正式，但不总包含推理的必然，倒是包含结论有依据或是可能性;
Then:表逻辑上的承上启下，多见于条件句;
Accordingly:其内涵顺其自然或依通例行事，而不是一种必然或不可避免的事;
So:最通俗，其为其中唯一的连词!
虽然：although, despite, though, while, as:
Although:位于句首;
Though:位于主句后;
Despite:在―虽然‖中，唯一的介词;
While:必须置于主句之前;
As:形容词，副词，名词(单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an)，行为动词(带状语或宾语) 之于句首，引起部分倒装，例如：
Poor as he was, he was honest。
Child as/though/that she was, she was more clever than an adult。
注意!much as作―虽然‖讲，为固定用法。
最后，最终：finally, eventually
Finally:表示一系列事物和论点的顺序，一般不带感情色彩;
Eventually:将必然发生的结局，可用于预卜未来。
特别地，尤其地：especially, particularly, peculiarly, specially Especially:多用于正式文体;
Specially:在表示―为了某一特殊目的时‖，只能用这个;
Particularly:特别提及或强调地; 个别地或具体地，有时可与especially
通用;
Peculiarly:与众不同，罕见地，强调独特型。
当……时候： as, when, while
(1)：when 从句谓语动词所表示的动作可以发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动词之前，而while 和as 从句谓语动词表示的动作一般都与主句谓语动词同时发生;
(2)：when/as从句表示的时间可以是某一瞬间或某一点，而while 从句不能只时间的一点，因为while 意为―for as long as‖或―during the time that‖;
(3)：当as,when,while 表示两个动作同时发生时，一般而言，while 表示的动作持续时间较长，而as/when表示的动作持续的时间较短;
(4)：可用when/while+doing，但as 不行
(5)：while 从句的动词即可表动作又可表状态，而as 从句中的动词只能表示动作;
(6)：when 引导的从句也可以是新信息，这是when 作―and at this moment‖或―and then‖讲，意为―这时突然‖或―然后‖。
高频词汇复习笔记
1. consensus n. 意见一致; 共识，同意
该词主要用在政治、商业等环境中。
have /reach consensus on sth。
The two parties reached consensus on this issue。
两个政党在这件事上达成共识。
2. consequent a. (作为后果) 随之发生的，合乎逻辑的 n. 推论，结论
be consequent on /upon 跟着……发生，因……而起，随……而发生的 consequent succession 因果演替
His failure was consequent on his laziness。
他的失败归因于他的懒惰。
3. conserve v. 保护; 保存; 节省
表示―保存、储藏‖的词还有很多，他们的区别如下：
conserve 正式用词，指不小心地使用难以补充的资源或贵重物品，免遭浪费和破坏，以备不时之需。
maintain 指保持原样，不增不减。
preserve 侧重将物品完好无损地保存下来，防止损害，变质等。 save 普通用词，指尽量少用，以争取数量上有所增加，比如存钱，save money。
store 普通用词，指将物品存放，以备将来使用。
Everyone should conserve trees。
每个人都应该好好保护树。
4. consolidate v. 巩固; 使联合，合并
表示巩固，意思类似于strengthen ，reinforce ，intensify 等，表示(企业) 合并，则等同于merge 。
Britain is trying to consolidate her position in the North Atlantic area 。
英国正试图巩固它在北大西洋地区的地位。
5. conspicuous a. 显眼的，显著的，显而易见的
英语中表示―显著的、引人注意的‖词还有以下几个，他们的区别是：
conspicuous 通常指因成绩卓著而引人注意，也可指因外观奇特、
花哨或言行举止不合常规而引人注意。
outstanding 通常指因比同行或同类相比显得杰出、优秀，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。
noticeable 指所描绘的事物引人注意。
remarkable 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。
striking 侧重指给观察者留下强烈而深刻的印象。
The girl in red in the snowfield is very conspicuous。
那个在雪地里穿着红衣服的女孩子特别引人注目。
6. contaminate v. 污染; 弄脏
contaminate 跟pollute 相比更书面化，为新闻常用语，表示化学物质、放射物等的污染。形容词形式是contaminative 。
She is always worrying that the water is being contaminated by nuclear radiation。
她总是担心水被核辐射所污染。
7. contemplate v. 沉思; 凝视
英语中表示―思考‖的动词有很多，他们的区别如下：
contemplate 通常指长时间的思考，有时含无确定目的的意思。 think 普通用词，指需要一定时间进行思考以形成某种想法或念头。
consider 侧重一时的对某事的考虑，也只长时间的深入的思考。 You must contemplate the results of the action。
你得考虑清楚这样做的后果。
8. contempt n. 轻视
hold in contempt 轻视，认为 self-contempt 自我轻视，自卑 bring contempt upon oneself 自取其辱，自讨没趣 hold sb. in contempt 鄙视某人
It seems that he holds Mike in contempt。
他似乎很瞧不起迈克。
9. contend v. 竞争，争夺，奋斗; 争论，辩论
contend 指为战胜或击败对手进行不懈努力，强调拼搏。也可指口头上进行有对立情绪或严重分歧的争论。
This firm is too small to contend against large multinational corporation 。
这家公司太小了，没法同大型跨国企业竞争。
10. contradict v. 相矛盾
contradict 是及物动词，后面直接接宾语。
What you said contradicts with what we had heard。
你说的跟我们听到的相互矛盾。
六级听力选择题目答题方法点拨：
一、基本解题技巧
小对话解题技巧之一：视听反向原则、同义替换原则。
视听反向原则是指，在小对话的题目中，看似明显被读到的选项反而更容易是错的。但须注意，当小对话原文本身较长或生僻词较多
时，该原则可能会出现特例，如 03年6月第8题。
同义替换是指，若某一选项中的单词或短语是听力原文中单词或短语的同义形式，则该选项容易为正确。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第11题
A) The man failed to keep his promise.
B) The woman has a poor memory.
C) The man borrowed the book from the library.
D) The woman does not need the book any more.
原文：
M: Oh, I’m so sorry I forgot to bring along the book you borrowed from the library.
W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为A. 其中，另外三项的大部分单词或短语都被读到。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第13题
A) The printing on her T-shirt has faded.
B) It is not in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.
C) She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.
D) It is not a good idea to buy the T-shirt.
原文：
M: I think I’ll get one of those new T -shirts, you know, with the school’s logo on both the front and back.
W: You’ll regret it. They are expensive, and I’ve heard the printing fades easily when you wash them.
Q: What does the woman mean?
解析：准确答案D 。其中A 和C 中都有若干单词被读中，听到的慎选。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第18题
A) The speakers will dress formally for the concert.
B) The man will return home before going to the concert.
C) It is the first time the speakers are attending a concert.
D) The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert. 原文：
M: Honey, I’ll be going straight to the theatre from work this evening. Could you bring my suit and tie along?
W: Sure, it’s the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our city, so suit and tie is a must.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
解析：准确答案A 。容易错选C ，听到的慎选。正确答案A 中，
dress formally和suit and tie同义替换。
小对话解题技巧之二：动作题的处理方式。
选项均以动词原形或to do 形式开头的题目为动作题。放音时，注意抓情态动词(如could, should, would, may, can, have to, must等) 和建议/请求句型(如Why not do…, Will you do…)，其中包含的主要动作即为该题答案。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第15题
A) Leave Daisy alone for the time being.
B) Go see Daisy immediately.
C) Apologize to Daisy again by phone.
D) Buy Daisy a new notebook.
原文：
M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize to again?
W: Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
解析：准确答案A 。这是一道动作题，原文中出现建议句型if I were you, I’d…所以答案即是…let her cool off a few days before I approach her的同义替换形式。此题另一难点在于A 选项中短语for the time being意思是―目前暂时‖。
长对话和短文听力解题技巧：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则
视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确。这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。
同义替换原则，同小对话。
特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中特殊词(如序数词1st ，极端词most 、most important、only 、all 等，逻辑连接词because 、since 、but 、however ，以及自问自答的回答部分或直接引语) 后面很可能出现正确答案信息。
例题：
2010年6月六级考试第1道长对话：
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. 答案D
A) He wants to sign a long-term contract.
B) He is good at both language and literature.
C) He prefers teaching to administrative work.
D) He is undecided as to which job to go for.
20. 答案C
A) They hate exams.
B) The all plan to study in Cambridge.
C) They are all adults.
D) They are going to work in companies.
21. 答案B
A) Difficult but rewarding.
B) Varied and interesting.
C) Time-consuming and tiring.
D) Demanding and frustrating.
原文：
Conversation 1
M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy. W: So you are not sure which to go for? (第19题答案，视听基本一致与同义替换，not sure替换undecided)
M: That’s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the language school is only offering a year’s contract, and that’s a different minus. It could be renewed, but you never know.
W: I see. So it’s much less secure. But you don’t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.
M: That’s true.
W: What about the salaries?
M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. I’ll be
getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there, but only ￡20,000 at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic I’d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administrations, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.
W: Mmm…
M: Then the type of teaching is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. (第20题答案，特殊词so 以及all ，结合同义替换的思想) The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of children’s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.
W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting.(第21题答案，完全的视听基本一致) And I’d imagine you would be doing quire a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.
M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position, I’d be stuck in the school all day.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard:
Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation? Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?
Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language school? 例题：
2010年6月六级考试第2道长对话：
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. 答案C
A) Interviewing a moving star.
B) Discussing teenage role models.
C) Hosting a television show.
D) Reviewing a new biography.
23. 答案A
A) He lost his mother.
B) He was unhappy in California.
C) He missed his aunt.
D) He had to attend school there.
24. 答案B
A) He delivered public speeches.
B) He got seriously into acting.
C) He hosted talk shows on TV.
D) He played a role in East of Eden.
25. 答案B
A) He made numerous popular movies.
B) He has long been a legendary figure.
C) He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies.
D) He was the most successful actor of his time.
原文：
Conversation 2
Good evening and welcome to tonight's edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.(第22题答案，场景题，抓代表词―welcome to +节目名称‖等，Studio 场景从长对话出现至今在该题型内已出现三次)
W: Good evening, Edward.
M: Hello Tina.
W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life.
M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn't there long though because his mother passed away just four years later(第23题答案，注意逻辑关系词though 以及because). Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.
W: So how did he get into acting?
M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting(第24题答案，视听基本一致). In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting. W: Then when did his movie career really start?
M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous.
Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that was about teenagers who felt like they didn't fit into society.
W: So how many more movies did he make?
M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.
W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?(该句及上下文各一句构成第25题答案，需要运用视听基本一致并结合一些概括)
M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.
Q22 What is the woman doing?
Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?
Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?
Q25 What do we know about James Dean from the conversation? 例题：
2010年6月六级考试第2篇短文听力：
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. 答案C
A) Some of them had once experienced an earthquake.
B) Most of them lacked interest in the subject.
C) Very few of them knew much about geology.
D) A couple of them had listened to a similar speech before.
31. 答案B
A) By reflecting on Americans' previous failures in predicting earthquakes.
B) By noting where the most severe earthquake in U. S. history occurred.
C) By describing the destructive power of earthquakes.
D) By explaining some essential geological principles.
32. 答案C
A) Interrupt him whenever he detected a mistake.
B) Focus on the accuracy of the language he used.
C) Stop him when he had difficulty understanding.
D) Write down any points where he could improve.
原文：
Passage 2
Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience and analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about
geology(第30题答案，视听基本一致，定位点为only ，anything). Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language. As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, ―How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?‖ Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811.(第31题答案，视听基本一致，定位点since 及案例) If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates’ attention. Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, d iagramming photo line, so his classmates wouldn’t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. ―Stop me,‖ he said, ―any time I say something you don’t understand.‖ Juan’s roommate stopped him four times.(第32题答案，视听基本一致，定位点为举例直接引语) And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectly understandable to his audience. Questions 30 – 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience? Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?
二、审题及利用选项推知答案
1、审题的作用：
小对话——看选项，判断题目类型，推知解题方法。
长对话及短文——看选项，推断问题，方便运用视听基本一致原则且帮助定位。预测长对话或短文的主题。
2、如何在完全听不懂的情况下通过选项推知答案：
一般的，当两个选项意思相近或谈论的话题相同时，其中一个可能是正确答案; 当两个选项通过同义转换使得实际观点相同时，两个选项均不是答案; 当两个选项话题相同且意思相反时，其中一个可能是正确答案。
例题：
2009年6月六级考试第14题
14. .A. She can help the man take care of the plants.
B. Most plants grow better in direct sunlight.
C. The plants need to be watered frequently.
D. The plants should be placed in a shady spot.
答案：D
原文：
14. M: The plants next to the window always look brown. You wouldn’t know by looking at them that I water them every week.
W: Maybe they don’t like direct sunlight. I had the same problem with some of my plants. And a little shade helps them immensely. Q: What does the woman imply?
解析：只看选项，CD 选项相近且主语都是The plants ，话题相同;BD 选项话题相同且意思相反，所以选D 。
三、新闻听力相关知识
2010年6月第一篇短文考察了新闻篇章听力。接下来简要介绍新闻听力相关知识。
决定新闻听力解题能力的主要是以下三个方面：
1、底词积累
所谓―底词‖，是指在新闻英语中作为基础词的相关词汇，包括常见熟词的新闻范畴生僻词义以及专门的新闻用词。不仅要知道其含义，更要对其发音十分熟悉。
比如，新闻听力最难的类型莫过于财政新闻，因为很多考生对于数字并不敏感，且对于财政方面的词汇积累更是有限，比如―multilateral currency realignment‖(跨国货币调整) ，不是学金融方面专业的同学恐怕会觉得无从下手。
类似这样的词汇很多在于日常的积累，这里举几个例子供大家参考：
毕业生就业率 graduate employment rate
占有一个较大比例 form/constitute a large proportion
贫富分化 polarization between the rich and the poor
社会保障体系 social security system
危险被大大遏制了 the risk is largely contained
由于新闻词汇涵盖面很广，大家在业余时间应该去留意一下一些国家名、地名、政要名字等; 大家同样也应多注意看一下CCTV-9的BizChina 等财经节目以及各英语电视台的政治新闻，有助于提高财经和政治新闻方面的专业词汇量。
2、是否熟悉常见新闻结构
相对于一般短文，新闻有一些相对固定的比较常见的结构，如倒金字塔结构(最核心最重要的信息在最前面，之后一点点打开细节叙述) 。最常考的新闻出题思路就是一个中心加若干细节的设题。把握住常见新闻结构的解题效率远高于盲目跟听。
3、是否能够根据自己的既有知识框架进行有效联想
几乎没有考生可以一次性听清楚新闻中的每一个单词，但这往往并不是决定这套新闻题目做的准确率高低的关键。新闻中具有大量的信息，但并不是所有信息都是有用信息。在进行有效的题目预设后，无关信息在听的过程中应该大胆放弃。遇到较难的专业词汇时，也不要慌张，通过联系上下文及开篇导语句进行词义句义猜测，千万不要顾此失彼，纠结在一个词义上而影响其他内容的听记。有效联想的练习应该落实在平时，要多注意积累，熟悉近期的国际时事，尤其政治、经济、重大科技发明等方面的事件。
新闻听力解题方案提要：
1、听前预审题。
主要通过选项猜测这篇新闻的主要谈论内容是什么。比如通过jump, decline 等词结合数字猜知这是财经新闻，通过casualty, deaths 等词猜知该新闻很可能会谈到一个事故和伤亡人数，通过政要的名字猜知可能会谈及政治时事等。审题同样可以结合高频词汇、是否主语相同需看谓语、是否出现极端词、时态提示点等几个通用审题要点。
2、听时抓首句。
最常见的倒金字塔新闻格式决定了最常考的新闻出题思路就是一个中心加若干细节的设题。所以，首句群作为全文的开始，通常是重要信息点的罗列，必须要认真听。
3、不忘记笔记。
除了抓住首句群，新闻听力同样要求大家能够时时做笔记，建议结合新闻结构，用分类流程图的方式快速记录新闻的要点。注意要按逻辑顺序记录，不要只记下无关堆砌的一堆词。此外，考生平时应该注意培养速记的习惯。
4、联想加回忆。
很多考生如果平时做到关心时事，那么真的在考试中遇到熟悉事情的新闻篇章也不足为奇。新闻本身就是对时事的记录，所以有的同学认为新闻听力有道理可循有范围可押题，这在一定程度上是讲得通的。建议大家可以多登录比如yahoo 英语新闻和CRI 、CCTV-9等英语新闻媒体，做好日常积累，在考试的时候进行有效的联想和回忆，拿高分则胜算在手。
附：7个2010年6月六级考试听力题目中出现的重点词汇和短
语
1) As long as ―只要‖
见11题Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?
2) If I were you, I would do… 表建议―如果我是你，我会…‖
见15题Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.
3) fatigue ―疲惫，疲劳‖
单词难度较大，见12题B) Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.
4) equivalent ―等价物; 等值的‖
单词高频且难度大，见2010年6月长对话原文部分I’ll be getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there…
5) at the scene ―在现场‖
见2010年6月第一篇短文新闻Rescue workers were at the scene.
6) deal with ―处理，应对‖相当于cope with和handle, tackle
见2010年6月第二篇短文原文Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms.
7) psychological ―心理学的‖多次在短文及复合式听写原文出现。 见2010年6月复合式听写and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language…
8) be linked to 与…有联系
见2010年6月复合式听写原文whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease, and early death.