英汉语法术语对照表1

英语语法术语（中英对照）语法 grammar 句法 syntax

词法 morphology 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase

词类 part of speech 单词 word

实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词 simple word 派生词 derivative 复合词 compound 词性 part of speech 名词 noun

专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb

主动词 main verb

及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective 原级 positive

比较级 comparative 同位语从句 appositive clause

最高级 superalative 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of 副词 adverb

time

方式副词 adverb of manner 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of 程度副词 adverb of degree place

时间副词 adverb of time 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of 地点副词 adverb of place manner

修饰性副词 adjunct 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of 连接性副词 conjunct

concession

疑问副词 interogative adverb 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of 关系副词 relative adverb cause

代词 pronoun

结果状语从句 adverbial clause of 人称代词 personal pronoun result

物主代词 possesive pronoun 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of 反身代词 reflexive pronoun purpose

相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun condition

疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause 关系代词 relative pronoun of real condition

不定代词 indefinite pronoun 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial 物主代词 possecive pronoun

clause of unreal condition

名词性物主代词 nominal possesive 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of prnoun

implied condition

形容词性物主代词 adjectival 错综条件句 adverbial clause of possesive pronoun mixed condition 冠词 article

句子 sentence

定冠词 definite article 简单句 simple sentence 不定冠词 indefinite article 并列句 compound sentence 数词 numeral

复合句 complex sentence

基数词 cardinal numeral 并列复合句 compound complex 序数词 ordinal numeral sentence

分数词 fractional numeral 陈述句 declarative sentence 形式 form

疑问句 interrogative sentence 单数形式 singular form 一般疑问句 general question 复数形式 plural form 特殊疑问句 special question 限定动词 finite verb form

选择疑问句 alternative question 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 附加疑问句 tag question

原形 base form 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 从句 clause

修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 从属句 subordinate clause 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 并列句 coordinate clause 存在句 existential sentence 名词从句 nominal clause 肯定句 positive sentence

定语从句 attributive clause 基本句型 basic sentence pattern 状语从句 adverbial clause 否定句 negative sentence 宾语从句 object clause 祈使句 imperative sentence 主语从句 subject clause

省略句 elliptical sentence

感叹句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object

双宾语 dual object 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object 同源宾语 cognate object 补语 complement

主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial

句法关系 syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate 从属 subordination 修饰 modification

前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification 限制 restriction

双重限制 double-restriction 非限制 non-restriction 数 number

单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form 格 case

普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case 人称 person

第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense

过去将来时 past future tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense

一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 present perfect tense 过去完成时 past perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense

现在进行时 present continuous tense

过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense

过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense 语态 voice

主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood

陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood 否定 negation

否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation 语序 order

自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech

自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement

主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement

语法一致 grammatical agreement 概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity 强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation

语调 tone

升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone

降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style 结构 structure 层次 rank

正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English 套语 formulistic expression 用法 usage

感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory

贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironic

英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English