编制：龙亚琼 使用班级：高一（1-4，11-14） 班级：_______姓名_________小组_______
一、命题特点
语法填空选用的文章一般是200词左右、难度适中的短文或对话， 其中设8-10个空格，包括自由填空和根据提示词填空两种形式，要求考生按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
这两种形式考察的重点略有不同。自由填空类主要涉及介词、副词、连词、代词和冠词，包括固定搭配中的介词或副词、确定句子逻辑关系的连词、各类从句中的关系代词和关系副词、物主代词和反身代词、以及冠词的语法等；提示词填空类，主要涉及动词、形容词、副词和名词，包括动词的时态语态和非谓语形式、派生词、名词的单复数形式、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。考生需要根据具体的语境来选择恰当的词语、确定其正确形式。
我们以2014高考新课标卷Ⅰ为例来看一下语法填空的考点分布：10个空格分别考察了动词时态
(61)，形容词派生的副词(62)，冠词(63)，连词(64)，非谓语形式(65)，形容词比较级(66)，定语从句的关系词(67)，形容词(68)，名词的复数形式(69)，名词派生的形容词(70)。
二、解题技巧
1. 分析句子的主谓宾成分，看缺不缺主语或宾语，有没有谓语动词。如果缺少主语或宾语，肯定要填
名词或代词，没有提示词的话，基本上是代词；如果没有谓语，要根据上下文确定动词的时态、语态和单复数。
例1：“A boy on a bike( 45) (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms”句中有主语有宾语，明显缺少谓语动词，因此catch 用作谓语，根据上下文的时态，可确定为一般过去时caught 。
例2：“…, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We (18) (tell) that our rooms hadn ’t been reserved for that week, …”居中缺少谓语动词，前台的人说，所以我们是被告知， 用tell 的过去时，被动语态，和we 相对应的复数形式，最后确定用were told。
例3：“Raise your leg and let (65) stay in the air for seconds.”let 后面缺少宾语，前面的名词是leg, 所以这里应该填单数代词it 。
2. 名词前若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性的物主代词、不定代词），很可能是填限定词。
例4：Peter Fox, who is (33) electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. 这里说的是Peter Fox是一位电机工程师，填不定冠词an 。
3. 形容词是否需要转化为副词，或是用于比较级。
例5：“Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (66) (clean)than ever.”从上下文文意以及本句中的than 可以很快确认，这里要填的是比较级cleaner 。
例6：“Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and (62) (soft).”和前面的naturally 相呼应，这里的soft 应用副词形式softly, 表示方式。
4. 若句子主干完整，考虑是否用动词的非谓语形式。
例7：“（26） (earn)some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter.”To learn 在句子中作目的状语。
例8：“Keep(64) (hold)your position for a while.”keep doing something 表示保持某个动作不变。
5. 理顺句子关系、确定分句间的逻辑关系。句中的语义转换通常由连词来的完成。
例9：“But the river wasn’t changed in a few days (64) even a few months.”河流从被污染到干净，并非在几天甚至是几个月内实现的，or even 表示更进一步。
例10：“We(18) (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, (19) for the week after. ”从句意判断，我们被告知，这里应该填but.
例11：“Mother had just said that (29) I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city.”妈妈说如果想要有更好的职业发展的话，我应该在城市里找工作，填if 。
6. 根据短语、固定搭配选择单词。
例12：“I got a place next(44) the windows, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.”根据固定短语可确认，此处应填next to.
总而言之，备考语法填空，考生应当在平时扎实地掌握各种基本语法知识，培养语感；在考场上，应当冷静分析，各个击破，完成所有空格后再检查一遍拼写是否正确、书写是否规范、大小写是否准确。通过坚持不懈的努力，考生们一定能上一个新的台阶，突破语法填空。
高考英语语法项目单句训练（按考试说明）
一. 名词(单复数/所有格)
1. There are ten_____ (woman)teachers and two hundred ____(girl) students in the school．
2. You’ll want to know your body language is saying and how to interpret other _______ (people).
3. I saw many ______ (Japan) seated in the corner and reading something.
4. He walked out of children’s shop and entered the_______ clothing shop. (woman)
5. Keep the __________(photo)secret and don’t let out them to the _________(medium).
二. 代词 （重点考点）
1. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ .
2. I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in ______ house.
3. The journalists who have seated ______ for half an hour are eager to have a chance to raise a question to Premier Wen Jiabao.
4. This dining hall is four times the size of ______ one.
5. What surprised me most was that he told me his name when I asked him _____ he was.
6. The famous actress said her parents worked happily and were nice and healthy, and some others said it was the same with ________.
7. However, the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as _____ of the girls.
8. The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound. _____ has a face with twelve black marks and two hands.
9. Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap _____ for your own home.
10. Some people favor the proposal, but ______ oppose it.
11. The job ads will be carried in _______ of the other two newspapers.
12. _____ he did with the difficult problem is still unknown to us.
三．数词
基数词练习
1. In her______ ( forty) , she began to take up writing.
2. How many ______ (two) are there in ten?
3. I’ve invited one or _______ friends round this evening.
序数词练习:
1. About ___________ (three-fifth) of the workers in that factory are young people.
2. Teacher Wang gave me a ____________ (two) examination paper.
3. We are to carry out the _______________ (nine) plan.
4. Their _______ (one) sight of land came after three days at sea.
5. He gave her a ___________ (five) of the total amount.
6. The_________ (four) of July is Independence Day of America.
四. 介词和介词短语
1. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get __________.
2. Careless driving often brings _______ an accident.
3. _______ time going by, the boy has grown into a strong man.
4. The girl danced ______ the music of Paul Mallrat’s band.
5. This song is familiar _______ all the students.
6. He rent a house _____ the year.
五. 连词（重点考点）
he was ill that he was absent yesterday
2. Stand over there _____ you’ll be able to see it better.
3 Scientists say it may be five or ten years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. 4 We were swimming in the lake _____ suddenly the storm started.
5 I’ve come to the point ____ I can’t stand him.
6 Simon thought his computer was broken ____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten
to turn it on.
7 The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth
of mankind.
8 It is known to all that ____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
9 He tried his best to solve the problem, ___ difficult it was.
六. 形容词(比较级及最高级)
1.I think she looks ___ than in the photo.(pretty)
2. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
3. My room is twice ___ than my sister's. (large)
4. In summer it is much ___ in Wuhan than in Beijing. (hot)
5. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).
七. 副词（比较级和最高级）
1. He paid no _____ (little) than 10,000 pounds for it.
2. As jobs are difficult to find, she decides to have __________(far) study.
3. I don’t want to see anybody, ____________my parents.
4. When you visit a _______________(total) different place the first time, the new food ,habits and language might make you want to run all the way back.
八．冠词：
1.Jumping out of_______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.
2. An accident happened at ________ crossroads a few meters away from ________ bank.
3. Just now you said you always got to work on ________ 8 o’clock train. But would ________ later train get you to work on time?
4. The building was completed in ________ September of 1956 not in ________ October, 1955.
5. Things of _____ kind come together; people of ______ kind fall into ________ same group.
6. Of the two magazines, this one is ______ more interesting.
九. 动词
1.The flowers _______ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
2. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself______ (hear)
3. _______ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes!
4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ (read) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
5. He ordered that the books_______ (print) at once.
十. 动词时态：（重点考点）
1 Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he ____ (turn up )by now.
2. I’m terribly sorry for being late, but I _____ (catch) the wrong bus.
3. The truth, sir, is that the old man _______ (walk) across the road when my car hit him.
4．I _____(hope ) to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
5. If it_____ (rain) tomorrow, I won’t go to the cinema.
6. — we haven’t heard from Jane for a long time, and what do you suppose ____ (happen) to her.
十一. 被动语态
1. Little Jim should love to _______(take) to the theatre this evening.
2. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______ (take).
3. He let me repeat his instructions to make sure that I understand what was to ___ (do) after he went away. 十二. 非谓语动词（重点考点）
1. He was the only foreigner ________( give ) such an honor yesterday.
2. I found nothing _________ (amaze) in his story.
3. My clumsy mistake had the girls ________ (laugh) giggling all the time.
4. With my girlfriend _________ (stand) next to me, I felt safer.
5. The meeting ended with nothing __________ (settle).
6. I suggest we should visit the Place Museum, _______ (build) 600 years ago.
7. When _______ (ask) about his private life, the actor was annoyed.
8. Lessons ______ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
十三. 主谓一致：
1.Jack is the only one of those boys who _________ (work) hard.
2. The audience ___________ (be) mostly moved to tears by the story.
3. Many a young man ______________ (think) life is meaningless.
4. Neither we nor he _____________ (be) to blame.
5. When and where to build the new factory _________ (have) not been decided yet.
6. They each _____________ (have) s laptop.
7. One and a half apples _____________ (be) left on the table.
8. E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ (be) playing an important part in daily communication.
十四. 并列复合句和主从复合句（重点考点）
并列复合句
1.----Why didn’t you call me up last night?
-----I phoned you_______ I couldn’t get through at all.
2. His new book will come out next month, ________ I’m eager to read it.
3.___________ she leaves the house, or I will call the policeman.
4. The day must break now, _________ the birds are singing now.
5. Feather falls slowly _________ stone falls much faster.
6. Study hard, _______ you’ll fail in the exam.
表语从句
1.----Do you need any help, Lucy?----Yes. The job is _______ than I could do myself.
2.___ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
3. Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals.
4. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___________ I disagree.
5. ---- I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
----Oh, that was probably _______ I was seeing a doctor.
宾语从句
1.I just wonder __________ it is that makes him so excited.
2. I think Father would like to know __ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
3. A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.
4. Upon graduation he liked to be sent to _______________ he is most needed.
5. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests.
6. After__________ seemed half an hour the teacher gave us the correct answer.
同位语从句
1.There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
2. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
3. The question _______he was to blame has never been settled.
主语从句
1. _________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
2. It worried her a bit _____________ her hair was turning grey.
3. _____________ you don’t like him is none of my business.
4. I’ll see to it __________ everything is ready in time.
定语从句
1. His grandfather died of cancer on the afternoon of last Wednesday, _______ made his family very sad.
2. __________ you can imagine, he handed over his business to his son when he retired.
3. She would like to read the novel of __________ a great number of people have heard.
4. September 18, 1998 is the day __________ we’ll never forget.
编制：龙亚琼 使用班级：高一（1-4，11-14） 班级：_______姓名_________小组_______
一、命题特点
语法填空选用的文章一般是200词左右、难度适中的短文或对话， 其中设8-10个空格，包括自由填空和根据提示词填空两种形式，要求考生按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
这两种形式考察的重点略有不同。自由填空类主要涉及介词、副词、连词、代词和冠词，包括固定搭配中的介词或副词、确定句子逻辑关系的连词、各类从句中的关系代词和关系副词、物主代词和反身代词、以及冠词的语法等；提示词填空类，主要涉及动词、形容词、副词和名词，包括动词的时态语态和非谓语形式、派生词、名词的单复数形式、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。考生需要根据具体的语境来选择恰当的词语、确定其正确形式。
我们以2014高考新课标卷Ⅰ为例来看一下语法填空的考点分布：10个空格分别考察了动词时态
(61)，形容词派生的副词(62)，冠词(63)，连词(64)，非谓语形式(65)，形容词比较级(66)，定语从句的关系词(67)，形容词(68)，名词的复数形式(69)，名词派生的形容词(70)。
二、解题技巧
1. 分析句子的主谓宾成分，看缺不缺主语或宾语，有没有谓语动词。如果缺少主语或宾语，肯定要填
名词或代词，没有提示词的话，基本上是代词；如果没有谓语，要根据上下文确定动词的时态、语态和单复数。
例1：“A boy on a bike( 45) (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms”句中有主语有宾语，明显缺少谓语动词，因此catch 用作谓语，根据上下文的时态，可确定为一般过去时caught 。
例2：“…, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We (18) (tell) that our rooms hadn ’t been reserved for that week, …”居中缺少谓语动词，前台的人说，所以我们是被告知， 用tell 的过去时，被动语态，和we 相对应的复数形式，最后确定用were told。
例3：“Raise your leg and let (65) stay in the air for seconds.”let 后面缺少宾语，前面的名词是leg, 所以这里应该填单数代词it 。
2. 名词前若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性的物主代词、不定代词），很可能是填限定词。
例4：Peter Fox, who is (33) electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. 这里说的是Peter Fox是一位电机工程师，填不定冠词an 。
3. 形容词是否需要转化为副词，或是用于比较级。
例5：“Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (66) (clean)than ever.”从上下文文意以及本句中的than 可以很快确认，这里要填的是比较级cleaner 。
例6：“Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and (62) (soft).”和前面的naturally 相呼应，这里的soft 应用副词形式softly, 表示方式。
4. 若句子主干完整，考虑是否用动词的非谓语形式。
例7：“（26） (earn)some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter.”To learn 在句子中作目的状语。
例8：“Keep(64) (hold)your position for a while.”keep doing something 表示保持某个动作不变。
5. 理顺句子关系、确定分句间的逻辑关系。句中的语义转换通常由连词来的完成。
例9：“But the river wasn’t changed in a few days (64) even a few months.”河流从被污染到干净，并非在几天甚至是几个月内实现的，or even 表示更进一步。
例10：“We(18) (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, (19) for the week after. ”从句意判断，我们被告知，这里应该填but.
例11：“Mother had just said that (29) I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city.”妈妈说如果想要有更好的职业发展的话，我应该在城市里找工作，填if 。
6. 根据短语、固定搭配选择单词。
例12：“I got a place next(44) the windows, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.”根据固定短语可确认，此处应填next to.
总而言之，备考语法填空，考生应当在平时扎实地掌握各种基本语法知识，培养语感；在考场上，应当冷静分析，各个击破，完成所有空格后再检查一遍拼写是否正确、书写是否规范、大小写是否准确。通过坚持不懈的努力，考生们一定能上一个新的台阶，突破语法填空。
高考英语语法项目单句训练（按考试说明）
一. 名词(单复数/所有格)
1. There are ten_____ (woman)teachers and two hundred ____(girl) students in the school．
2. You’ll want to know your body language is saying and how to interpret other _______ (people).
3. I saw many ______ (Japan) seated in the corner and reading something.
4. He walked out of children’s shop and entered the_______ clothing shop. (woman)
5. Keep the __________(photo)secret and don’t let out them to the _________(medium).
二. 代词 （重点考点）
1. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ .
2. I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in ______ house.
3. The journalists who have seated ______ for half an hour are eager to have a chance to raise a question to Premier Wen Jiabao.
4. This dining hall is four times the size of ______ one.
5. What surprised me most was that he told me his name when I asked him _____ he was.
6. The famous actress said her parents worked happily and were nice and healthy, and some others said it was the same with ________.
7. However, the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as _____ of the girls.
8. The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound. _____ has a face with twelve black marks and two hands.
9. Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap _____ for your own home.
10. Some people favor the proposal, but ______ oppose it.
11. The job ads will be carried in _______ of the other two newspapers.
12. _____ he did with the difficult problem is still unknown to us.
三．数词
基数词练习
1. In her______ ( forty) , she began to take up writing.
2. How many ______ (two) are there in ten?
3. I’ve invited one or _______ friends round this evening.
序数词练习:
1. About ___________ (three-fifth) of the workers in that factory are young people.
2. Teacher Wang gave me a ____________ (two) examination paper.
3. We are to carry out the _______________ (nine) plan.
4. Their _______ (one) sight of land came after three days at sea.
5. He gave her a ___________ (five) of the total amount.
6. The_________ (four) of July is Independence Day of America.
四. 介词和介词短语
1. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get __________.
2. Careless driving often brings _______ an accident.
3. _______ time going by, the boy has grown into a strong man.
4. The girl danced ______ the music of Paul Mallrat’s band.
5. This song is familiar _______ all the students.
6. He rent a house _____ the year.
五. 连词（重点考点）
he was ill that he was absent yesterday
2. Stand over there _____ you’ll be able to see it better.
3 Scientists say it may be five or ten years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. 4 We were swimming in the lake _____ suddenly the storm started.
5 I’ve come to the point ____ I can’t stand him.
6 Simon thought his computer was broken ____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten
to turn it on.
7 The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth
of mankind.
8 It is known to all that ____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
9 He tried his best to solve the problem, ___ difficult it was.
六. 形容词(比较级及最高级)
1.I think she looks ___ than in the photo.(pretty)
2. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
3. My room is twice ___ than my sister's. (large)
4. In summer it is much ___ in Wuhan than in Beijing. (hot)
5. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).
七. 副词（比较级和最高级）
1. He paid no _____ (little) than 10,000 pounds for it.
2. As jobs are difficult to find, she decides to have __________(far) study.
3. I don’t want to see anybody, ____________my parents.
4. When you visit a _______________(total) different place the first time, the new food ,habits and language might make you want to run all the way back.
八．冠词：
1.Jumping out of_______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.
2. An accident happened at ________ crossroads a few meters away from ________ bank.
3. Just now you said you always got to work on ________ 8 o’clock train. But would ________ later train get you to work on time?
4. The building was completed in ________ September of 1956 not in ________ October, 1955.
5. Things of _____ kind come together; people of ______ kind fall into ________ same group.
6. Of the two magazines, this one is ______ more interesting.
九. 动词
1.The flowers _______ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
2. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself______ (hear)
3. _______ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes!
4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ (read) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
5. He ordered that the books_______ (print) at once.
十. 动词时态：（重点考点）
1 Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he ____ (turn up )by now.
2. I’m terribly sorry for being late, but I _____ (catch) the wrong bus.
3. The truth, sir, is that the old man _______ (walk) across the road when my car hit him.
4．I _____(hope ) to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
5. If it_____ (rain) tomorrow, I won’t go to the cinema.
6. — we haven’t heard from Jane for a long time, and what do you suppose ____ (happen) to her.
十一. 被动语态
1. Little Jim should love to _______(take) to the theatre this evening.
2. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______ (take).
3. He let me repeat his instructions to make sure that I understand what was to ___ (do) after he went away. 十二. 非谓语动词（重点考点）
1. He was the only foreigner ________( give ) such an honor yesterday.
2. I found nothing _________ (amaze) in his story.
3. My clumsy mistake had the girls ________ (laugh) giggling all the time.
4. With my girlfriend _________ (stand) next to me, I felt safer.
5. The meeting ended with nothing __________ (settle).
6. I suggest we should visit the Place Museum, _______ (build) 600 years ago.
7. When _______ (ask) about his private life, the actor was annoyed.
8. Lessons ______ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
十三. 主谓一致：
1.Jack is the only one of those boys who _________ (work) hard.
2. The audience ___________ (be) mostly moved to tears by the story.
3. Many a young man ______________ (think) life is meaningless.
4. Neither we nor he _____________ (be) to blame.
5. When and where to build the new factory _________ (have) not been decided yet.
6. They each _____________ (have) s laptop.
7. One and a half apples _____________ (be) left on the table.
8. E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ (be) playing an important part in daily communication.
十四. 并列复合句和主从复合句（重点考点）
并列复合句
1.----Why didn’t you call me up last night?
-----I phoned you_______ I couldn’t get through at all.
2. His new book will come out next month, ________ I’m eager to read it.
3.___________ she leaves the house, or I will call the policeman.
4. The day must break now, _________ the birds are singing now.
5. Feather falls slowly _________ stone falls much faster.
6. Study hard, _______ you’ll fail in the exam.
表语从句
1.----Do you need any help, Lucy?----Yes. The job is _______ than I could do myself.
2.___ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
3. Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals.
4. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___________ I disagree.
5. ---- I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
----Oh, that was probably _______ I was seeing a doctor.
宾语从句
1.I just wonder __________ it is that makes him so excited.
2. I think Father would like to know __ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
3. A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.
4. Upon graduation he liked to be sent to _______________ he is most needed.
5. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests.
6. After__________ seemed half an hour the teacher gave us the correct answer.
同位语从句
1.There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
2. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
3. The question _______he was to blame has never been settled.
主语从句
1. _________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
2. It worried her a bit _____________ her hair was turning grey.
3. _____________ you don’t like him is none of my business.
4. I’ll see to it __________ everything is ready in time.
定语从句
1. His grandfather died of cancer on the afternoon of last Wednesday, _______ made his family very sad.
2. __________ you can imagine, he handed over his business to his son when he retired.
3. She would like to read the novel of __________ a great number of people have heard.
4. September 18, 1998 is the day __________ we’ll never forget.