职称英语理工类2014A

5.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject .

2014《理工A》

第一部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项

中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

A. furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize

A. appeared B. eased C. improved D. relieved

A. homework B. justice C. act D. model

A. invented B. reproduced C. designed D. reported

A. point B. tendency C. result D. finding

A. serious B. beautiful C. impressive D. ridiculous

A. modest B. commercial C. huge D. national

A. limit B. regulate C. support D. oppose

A. motionless B. silent C. seated D. true

10. A person‗s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness . A. opposite B. equal C. certain D. large

A. poverty B. conflict C. war D. economy

15. His stomach felt hollow with fear . A. sincere B. respectful C. terrible D. empty

第二部分：阅读判断

下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，

请选择A；如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

Experience the World in 3D Game

Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees the world?Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D

game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.

The online simulation,created by the French 3D design company Dassault Systèmes,with the guidance of

A. amazing B. depressing C. dull D. predictable

veterinary ophthalmologist(眼科专家)Didier Schmidt-Morand,mimics(模仿)the vision of five animals – cats dogs,rats,hawks and bees – as a player steers them through Place Vend？me in Paris.

Due to differences in field of view,colour perception and night vision,for example,sight can be drastically

different from species to species."In terms of performance,eyes are as variable as different models of cars,"says Schmidt- Morand.

The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on

A. started B. changed C. moved D. lasted

A. arrived at B. abided by C. put of

D. protested against

descriptions of each animal's vision. Dassault's 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours ,angle of vision and depth of field.

Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humans–cats and dogs,for example,have trouble

distinguishing shades of red – replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours,whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view."We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous（令人作呕的),"says Schmidt-Morand."So we tweaked（微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality.‖

The rat's view also departs from reality： because they are near-sighted,everything more than 15 centimetres

away is a blur,so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate."A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area，"says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rat's position： because of their limited eyesight,most landmarks are obscured.

The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through

community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos,the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.

16.The game developed by Dassault Systemes is the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17.Dassault‗s 3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of vision into account . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18.The animals‗views in the software are the same as those in reality . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

19.Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20.It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rat‗s view because they‘re near-sighted . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

21.The team is working on recreating the vision of more animals . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22.Schmidt-Morand‗s favorite animal is cat . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：（1）1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1

个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

Climate Change： The Long Reach

1 Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air and Arctic ice is melting faster than

at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge（评估） Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.

more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.

3 Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. During that time，

changes in the planet's environment could nudge（推动）global warming even higher. For example：Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt，sunlight can now reach—and warm—the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more，causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a fast feedback.

4 Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However he adds，they're limited. From a climate

change perspective，―This century is the most important time for the next few generations，‖he told Science Nwes. ―But the world is not ending in 2100.‖For his new study，Zeebe now focuses on―slow feedbacks.‖While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries， slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and migration of plant life—as they relocate to more comfortable areas—are two examples of slow feedbacks.

5 Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out

over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius（8.1 degree Fahrenheit）change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another1.5℃—for a 6°total increase， Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedbacks events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.

23. Paragraph 2 _____ 24. Paragraph 3 _____ 25. Paragraph 4 _____ 26. Paragraph 5 _____ A. Impact of burning fossil fuels B. Slow feedbacks

C.A prediction of future climate change D. Fast feedbacks

2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide，a colorless gas.

In the air，this gas traps heat at Earth's surface. And the more carbon dioxide released，the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn't slow，the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years—and be

E. Rising of sea levels

F. Unpredictability of feedback processes

27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _____. 28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach ____.

29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ___. 30. After fossil fuels are used up， global warming will continue for ___. A. a very long time B. recorded history

C. rapid exaggeration of impacts

Christian Holz， a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale， California， says

the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. ―Eye Drop solves this in a slick （灵巧的）way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism，‖ he says. ―This now allows users to seamlessly（无缝地） interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner.‖

While current eye-trackers are rather bulky， mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish

firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.

Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze

D. the extra heat E. the exposed ground F. previously published studies 第四部分：阅读理解

短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项

中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance

Bored of using a mouse？ Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it

directly onto your smartphone or tablet（平板电脑） –with nothing more than a glance.

and taps on a touchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden， last week.

31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______ A. change our computer screen.

B. move an object from screen with a glance. C. focus on anything that interests us. D. get a smartphone connected wirelessly. 32. Why is a button needed？ A. To minimize the cost of Eye Drop.

A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so

it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo， say – and then pressing a key， selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device， as long as the two are connected wirelessly.

―The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire，‖

says Jayson Turner， who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University， UK.

A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.

Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public

display to your smartphone or for sharing photos.

A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the ―Midas touch‖

（点石成金） effect， whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze， says Turner. ―Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at，‖ he says.

B. interaction between human and computer. C. generalization of Eye Drop system.

D. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.

34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer use. B. To choose as many objects as possible. C. To make Eye Drop different from others. D. To select what we want.

33. The word ―this‖ in Paragraph 6 refers to_______

A. They are costly.

B. They are expected to come out soon. C. They are available.

D. They are installed in Google Glass headset. 35. What is Turner likely to study next？ A. How to present the system in public. B. How to get touchscreen involved. C. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps. D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.

第二篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

Post-menopausal（绝经后）women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer

significantly， a study has suggested. The report， which followed 73，000 women for 17 years， found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.

A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week， but being

active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study， published in Cancer Epidemiology， Biomarkers &Prevention， followed 73.615 women out of 97，785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993，so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.‖―More strenuous（紧张的）and longer activities lowered the risk even more.‖

Baroness Delyth Morgan， chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign， said：―This study adds further

evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.‖

She added：―We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in

the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.‖

36. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________ A. regular walking B. breathing exercise C. recreational activity D. lifestyle choices

37. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel‗s study that____. A. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer B. women have fewer chances of physical activity C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer 38. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.

They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and

participating in activities such as walking， swimming and aerobics（有氧运动）and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women，47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign.

Dr. Alpa Patel， a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta， Georgia， who led the

study， said：―Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking， promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity， just walking one hour a day was associated

39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity. B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects. A. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology. B. head of the survey study.

C. chair of the American Cancer Society.

C. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women D. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women. 40. The word ―sustainable‖ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. affordable B. available C. continuable D. persistent

第三篇 The Northern Lights

The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun‗s gravity cannot

hold its atmosphere in check！ Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma， and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun， the stronger the solar wind.

We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least

once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it！

41. The solar wind comes into being as a result of______ A. fast flow of energy away from the Sun. B. disappearance of the Sun‗s gravity. C. unpredictable weather of the Sun. D. a stream of particles being blown away.

42. What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth？ A. A protective magnetic field is formed at the same time. B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.

C. It destroys the protective magnetic field surrounding the Earth. D. It breaks magnetic field lines and does severe damage to the ？？？

The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth， but don‗t worry because a protective magnetic fields

surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth‘s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.

C. the electrons falling to the Earth shine in different colors.

The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped

in the belts to fall into the Earth‗s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth， they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere， creating flashes of light in the sky.

Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows

violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky， they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.

C. They are very close to the ground.

Watching auroras（北极光） is fun and exciting， but normally you can only see them in places far north like

Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate（跳动）， flicker（闪烁）， or even move like waves. During solar maximum， 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida， even Mexico！ Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground， but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground， a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long， a few hundred kilometers high， but only a few hundred meters thick.

D. They are very long and thick.

45. What is the author‗s tone toward the Northern Lights？ A. Indifferent B. Sarcastic

D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from the atmospheric gases. 44. Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights？ A. Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes. B. People cannot see them unless traveling to Alaska or Canada 43. The Northern Lights are created when______

A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheric gas molecules. B. the magnetic field lines fail to reconnect.

C. Appreciative D. Sharp

第五部分：补全短文

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其

分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Wrongly Convicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their Story

NEW YORK，NY， January 5，2010. St. Martin‗s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition

of Picking Cotton， a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an ―account of violence， rage， redemption（救赎），and， ultimately forgiveness.‖

The story began in 1987， in Burlington， North Carolina， with the rape of a young while college student

named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal， Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist， a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted her brutally.________（46） When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant（袭击者）from a book of mug shots， she picked one that she was sure was correct， and later she identified the same man in a lineup.

Based on her convincing eyewitness testimony， a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was

sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton‗s lawyer appealed the decision， and by the time of the appeals hearing， evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton， an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole._______ （47） Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face， and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.

Eleven years later， DNA evidence completely exonerated（证明……清白）Cotton and just as unequivocally

（明确地） convicted Poole， who confessed to the crime. ________（48） ―The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat， who raped me， who hurt me， who took my spirit away， who robbed me of my soul，‖ she wrote. ―And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.‖

_______ （49） Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them， overcome the racial barrier that

divided them， and write a book， which they have subtitled ―Our memoir of injustice and redemption.‖

Nevertheless， Thompson says， she still lives ―with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so

dearly______ （50）‖

A. Another trial was held.

case.

B. During the attack， she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face ， looking for scars ， tattoos

（纹身） or other identifying marks.

C. Thompson was shocked and devastated.

D. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.

E. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital

F. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses. 第六部分：完形填空

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选

择1个最佳答案。

Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills

American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation（延

迟）。 They found that developing musical skills involves the _______（51） process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could______（52） children with learning disabilities.

Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois. She says musical training_______（53）

putting together different kinds of information， such as hearing music， looking at musical notes， touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This_______（54） is not much different from learning how to speak. Both involve different senses.

She further explains musical training and learning to______（55） each make us think about what we are

doing. She says speech and music______（56） through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. The brain stem_______（57） our ability to hear. Until recently， experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. _______（58） Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.

The study involved individuals with different levels of musical_____（59）。 They were asked to wear an

electrical device that measures________（60） activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument —— the cello（大提琴）。 Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar_______（61） some of the sounds that are important with speech. The study found that the more years of training people had， the more_______（62） they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the_______（63） of sensory events was the strongest. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning_______（64）。 She

says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______（65） sentences and understand facial expressions better.

51. A. unique B. different C. strange D. same 52. A. tell B. remind C. entertain D. help 53. A. shapes B. relates C. enhances D. involves 54. A. form B. step C. process D. point 55. A. play B. sing C. think D. speak 56. A. use B. pass C. look D. put

57. A. develops B. assesses C. control D. observes 58. A. So B. But C. Moreover D. As

59. A. instruments B. types C. ability D. contact 60. A. brain B. physical C. musical D. speech 61. A. as B. to C. of D. at

62. A. familiar B. inactive C. sensitive D.critical

63. A. reduction B. interference C. implication D. improvement 64. A. disabilities B. styles C. interests D. approaches 65. A. hear B. read C. write D.change 答案：

1-15: AACBB DCCAA BCDCD 16-22:AABAC BC 23:ADBC BEFA 31: BDDBC BABDC 41:DBAAC

答案：46. B 47. A 48.C 49.D 50.E 51-55 D D D C D

56-60 B C B C A 61-65 B C D A A