虚拟语气的用法解说(一)
1. 英语语气的概念
英语有三种语气,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等,祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等,虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如:
I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气)
Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气)
I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气)
If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上,它会打碎的。(虚拟语气)
2. 虚拟条件句的基本类型
(1) 与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were) ,主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。
(2) 与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词) ,主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:
If he had been in that train then, he might have been killed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上,他可能就死于那场车祸了。
(3) 与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were) ,主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)
If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)
3. 错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如: If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
If you were in better health, we’d have let you go with us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。
4. 含蓄虚拟条件句
所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如:
Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。
Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。
I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。
5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for
这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”,与but for, without同义。如:
If it wasn’t (weren’t) for the children, we wouldn’t have anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们,我们不会有什么可谈的。
If it hadn’t been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨,我们本会获得一个大丰收的。
If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I wouldn’t have recovered so soon. 要不是医生的照顾,我不会痊愈得这么快。
注:一般说来,if it weren’t (wasn’t) for 用于谈论现在的情况,而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。但实际上if it weren’t (wasn’t) for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况。
虚拟语气的用法解说(一)
1. 英语语气的概念
英语有三种语气,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等,祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等,虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如:
I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气)
Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气)
I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气)
If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上,它会打碎的。(虚拟语气)
2. 虚拟条件句的基本类型
(1) 与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were) ,主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。
(2) 与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词) ,主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:
If he had been in that train then, he might have been killed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上,他可能就死于那场车祸了。
(3) 与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were) ,主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)
If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)
3. 错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如: If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
If you were in better health, we’d have let you go with us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。
4. 含蓄虚拟条件句
所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如:
Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。
Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。
I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。
5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for
这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”,与but for, without同义。如:
If it wasn’t (weren’t) for the children, we wouldn’t have anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们,我们不会有什么可谈的。
If it hadn’t been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨,我们本会获得一个大丰收的。
If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I wouldn’t have recovered so soon. 要不是医生的照顾,我不会痊愈得这么快。
注:一般说来,if it weren’t (wasn’t) for 用于谈论现在的情况,而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。但实际上if it weren’t (wasn’t) for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况。