IV Key to the Exercises of Lesson Four
Pre-class
II.
Listen to the recording of the text, read it through, and then fill in the blanks in the following sentences to see whether you have grasped the main ideas of the article.
1. fairy tale; Oscar Wilde; Irish; nightingale; reddest rose; life-blood
2. a red rose; his love would not dance with him; it was winter; desperate
3. help the student; would not have any red rose; agree to sing to it by moonlight with her breast
against a thorn; it pierced her heart; her heart’s blood 4. true love was better even than life; sacrifice her life 5. died; his love; had agreed to dance; red jewels 6. stupid; practical; to his books
More Work on the Text II Vocabulary
1. Practice using the rules of word formation
1) Examine how the compound nouns from the text are formed. Work out their meanings. Add more words that are formed in the same way. These compound nouns are formed by noun +noun
2) Examine how the word “sincerity ” is formed. Find out the meaning of the noun suffix “-ty ” with the help of a dictionary. sincerity: sincere + -ty
The suffix “-ty ”, from French, is used to form abstract nouns that refer to the state of having a
particular quality or sth. that has that quality. e.g. certain+ -ty certainty
Note: “-ity ” is an variant form of “-ty ”
3) Turn the following adjectives into nouns ending with “-ty ” or “-ity ” and then
vice versa. Add more words to the list. Adjective able available certain cruel curious relative
Noun ability
Adjective absurd capable human responsible original possible probalbe special
Noun absurdity capability humanity responsibility originality possibility probability specialty
availability certainty cruelty curiousity relativity
visible visibility
4) Complete the sentence with the words in the brackets in their noun froms.
(1) construction (2) Creativity (3) motivation (4) difference
(5) investment (6) capabilities (7) activity (8) humanity
(9) Poverty (12) Politeness
(10) ignorance (13) Curiosity (11) sincerity (14) shortness
2. Give words or expressions with similar meanings.
1) to freeze 2) precious 3) soft
4) low/soft/weak 5) to throw/ to toss/to cast
6) big/gigantic/huge/large
7) to cut/to cut short/to cut off/to destroy 8) ache/plain
9) area/field/patch/space/section/lot 10) to pick/to pull off
11) exactly
12) true/genuine/actual
13) foolish/stupid/unwise/dumb/brainless 14) to watch over/to look after/to control/to preside over/to manage/to direct/to guide
15) to shake/to shiver/to quiver
16) to sob/to cry
17) miserable/unhappy/pitiful/unfortunate
/sorrowful/broken-hearted
3. List words from the text that are related to flowers, trees, wild life and precious stones.
Words related to flowers and trees: petal, bud, rose, daisy, grass, meadow, grove, oak, thron, daffodil, spray, bloom
Words related to wild lofe: butterfly, dove, lizard, nightingale, nest, mermaiden Words related to precious stones: coral, crystal, emerald, opal, ruby
4. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper form.
To look out to sail acorss/through a place (a garden) for want of sth. to fly over to a place Night after night to build sth. out of sth.
to sing of sb./sth to give a ball
to hold sb,. in one’s arms to lean upon
to dance to the sound of music to fling oneself down to flutter about something of a (cynic) to soar into the air
to pass through a place
to set sb. against sb. else/sth. to lean down
to ebb away
to press close against sth. to shoot through sb./(said of pain)
5. Comoplete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms.
1) of his own wil 4) For want of 7) compared to
l2) blind with 3) pressed, against 5) in return 6) lingered on 8) was fond of, something of 9) Compared to
to stain sth. with sth. else to be dear to sb. to be compared to to sweep over a place to ask of sb. in return to look up to be fond of to lie down of one’s own will a burst of music to linger on
to go with (said of color) upon one’s words
10) For want of 11) compared to 12) blue with
6. Put the following into Enghlish
1) to give/hold/have a ball
2) to give/hold/have/throw a party 3) to give a press conference
4) to bury the treasures
5) to bury/cover one;s face in one’s hands 6) to pluck/pick the flowers 7) to pay the price 1) go ahead 5) going on
2) go by 6) went on with
8) to press the doorbell
9) to sacrifice/give/lay down one’s life 10) to nip the buds 11) to pierce the heart 12) to deny the fact 13) to deny the charge 14) to fill up the bottle 3) went off 7) gone over
4) going up
8) going through
7. Complete the sentences with the following phrasal verbs of “go ” in their proper forms.
9) gon into 10) go with, go together 8. Give the figures in English.
1) ten thousand
2) twenty-three thousand
3) one hundred thousand
4) one hundred and eighty thousand 5) five hundred thousand/half a million 6) two hundred and fifty thousand/a quarter of a million
and a half million 9) fifteen million
10) seventy million
11) three hundred million
12) one billion and three hundred million/one point three billion 13) thirty-two billion
7) two million 14) five hundred billion/half a billion 8) three million and five hundred 15) seven trillion thousand/three point five milliion/three
9. Give the meaning of the underlined parts in the senteices below. Note how the meaning
are different in a different context. (1) 清了清（嗓子） (2) 放晴了
(3) 清醒清醒（头脑） (4) 还清（债务） (5) 清楚的 (6) 牢房
(7) 细胞
(8) 登机
(9) 董事（委员）会 (10) 伙食 (11) 木板
10. Examine the uses of “see ” and “go ” in the sentences below . List possible uses of these
words and then make sentences after the models.
Other posible uses of “see ” and “go ”
see: to see sb./sth. + adj.
to see sb. do sth. to see sb.doing sth. to see sth.done
to see + why/if/that-clause to see to sth.
to see to it + that-clasue go: to go + adj/adv.
to go + present participle (phrase)
11. Give the sentence patterns of the underlined part in the sentences below, and then using
the patterns, rewrite the sentences that follow. Sentence pattern: imperative +and + clause Imperative + or +clause One possibility of the sentences:
1) Read Lu Xun and your mind will include a piece of his.
2) Drink tomato juice for some time and you will not be afarid of seeing blood. 3) Rest for a while and your headache will be gone.
4) Give Jimmy less money, or he will develop some bad habit. 5) Improve the quality of your product, or you will lose your market. 6) Punish these people severely, or illegal tradein wild life will never stop. 7) Take this opportunity, our you will live to regret it.
8) Stop polluting our rivers and lakes immediately, or we will be in deep trouble. 12. Put in the missing words.
(1) lives (5) heard (9) calmed (13) slower (17) create
(2) noticed (6) to
(3) but (7) plant
(4) or (8) by (12) seems (16) be
(10) used (14) shopping (18) to
(11) dollars (15) weekends
III Grammar
1. Understand how grammar helps to create meaning in context.
1) Observe these inverted sentences and learn why inversion is used.
Inverted is used
(1) with the introductory word here
(2) fo rrhetorical purpose –-for emphrasis
(3) after an adverbial of place
(4) with the introductory word there (5) same as (2) (6) same as (2) (7) same as (2) (8) same as (2) (9) same as (4)
(10) because the subject is too long while the verb too short (11) same as (3)
(12) because the subject has a modifier and also for emphasis (13) same as (3), (10) and (12) (14) same as (12)
Note: Inversion for rhetorical purposes chiefly occurs in works of literature. Most of the inverted sentences in this text are highly rhetorical and a little old-fashioned. This type of inversion should avoidedin everyday speech and informal writing.
2) Observe the relative clauses in these sentences and find out in what way they
are special. The relative clauses in the 10 sentences fall into twotypes:
a. Those that modify pronouns insteadof nouns. In such relative clauses that, not which, is
used for things, and when it functions as the object of the clause, it is often omitted. But when it is the subject, it cannot be left out. (This is also true when the relative clause modifies a noun.) all the sentences except (4) belong to this type.
b. Those that modify nouns with a superlative adjective. The rules for such clauses are the
same as those mentioned in a.
2. Combine each pair of the sentences as shown in the example.
1) Xiao Fang is the smartest girl I’ve ever known.
2) This is the most fantastic story I’ve ever heard.
3) 15,000 yuan is the lowest price we can offer for this laptop. 4) Pearl Harbor is the best American film I’ve seen for quite a while. 5) Lin is the most easy-going professor I’ve ever met. 6) The storm last night was the worst I can remember.
7) I think Dialogue is the most thought-provoking takk show CCTV offers. 8) I think Mr. Cui is the wittiest talk show host you can find at the moment.
9) In the 1930s, nursing and teaching were the best jobs capable women could dream of. 10) These are the most delious noodles we’ve had since a long time ago.
3. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, using
“all/everything,etc + a relative clause”. 1) The doctors did all they could
2) I don’t always agree with everyting he says 3) anything they ask for
4) All he got from a week of hard work 5) All that is written in his wife’s letter 6) Nothing the doctors said 7) anything you suggest
8) Something he read in a popular magazine 9) All that can be done is done 10) anything the artist painted
11) something that never existed before 4. Learn how to use modals.
1) Find out what notion eachof the modals expresses.
(1) possibility (2) belief (3) negative possibility
(4) ability (7) negative possibility
(5) possibility, ability (8 possibility)
(6) possibility
(9) possibility, possible necessity
(10) necessity (11) subjective certainty (12) subject certainty (13) necessity (because of importance)
2) Put in the blanks proper modals listed below.
(1) can ’t (ability) (2) must (obligation) (3) mustn ’t (obligation)
(4) must (obligation, had to (necessity)
(5) cannot (possibility), can (possibility)
(6) May (permission, can’t (permission, might (possibility) (7) can (possibility, must (obligation)
(8) can/may (possibility, must (subject certainty)
(9) might (possibility), hav to (necessity), can’t (possibility) (10) could (possibility), could (possibility), might (possibility) (11) must (necessity), can’t (possibility), have to (necessity)
Note: According to the Oxford Advanced Learner ’s Dictionary, the 2000 edition, there isn ’t much difference between “must ” and “have to” in American Englsih. The latter is more common, espically in speech. In British English there is a difference between them. “Must ” is use to talk about what the speaker or listener wants, and “have (got) to” about the rules, laws and other people’s wishes. There are no past or future form of “must ”. 5. Put in proper prepositions.
1) through 5) through As
2) over 6) Over/In/During, into
3) like 7) through
4) As, like 8) over
9) as, from, without, around, As, with, with, to
10) with, for, Besides/Apart form, at, at, between, of, on, round/around 6. Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.
1) Something (that) a witness asid dduring the trial has been bothering me.
2) Many parents mistakenly believe that the more toys children have, the more creative they will be.
3) A house without a book is like a room without a window. 4) He was so glad to see his old friend that tears ran down his cheeks.
5) People believe that tomorrow’s car will be bigger, faster, and more comfortable than before. 6) Both on land and at sea, helicopters have rescued many people. 7) Jim is intelligent, but not as hard-working as his sister.
8) The most humorous person (that) I’ve ever met is my teacher of Chinese. 9) I don’t believe an old man of 80 could be so strong as thoknock down a door. 10) All that the people want are lasting peace and social progress.
IV Written Work
Describe the plane crash briefly in about 130 words, with emphasis on the behavior of “th eman in the water”. Sample:
IV Key to the Exercises of Lesson Four
Pre-class
II.
Listen to the recording of the text, read it through, and then fill in the blanks in the following sentences to see whether you have grasped the main ideas of the article.
1. fairy tale; Oscar Wilde; Irish; nightingale; reddest rose; life-blood
2. a red rose; his love would not dance with him; it was winter; desperate
3. help the student; would not have any red rose; agree to sing to it by moonlight with her breast
against a thorn; it pierced her heart; her heart’s blood 4. true love was better even than life; sacrifice her life 5. died; his love; had agreed to dance; red jewels 6. stupid; practical; to his books
More Work on the Text II Vocabulary
1. Practice using the rules of word formation
1) Examine how the compound nouns from the text are formed. Work out their meanings. Add more words that are formed in the same way. These compound nouns are formed by noun +noun
2) Examine how the word “sincerity ” is formed. Find out the meaning of the noun suffix “-ty ” with the help of a dictionary. sincerity: sincere + -ty
The suffix “-ty ”, from French, is used to form abstract nouns that refer to the state of having a
particular quality or sth. that has that quality. e.g. certain+ -ty certainty
Note: “-ity ” is an variant form of “-ty ”
3) Turn the following adjectives into nouns ending with “-ty ” or “-ity ” and then
vice versa. Add more words to the list. Adjective able available certain cruel curious relative
Noun ability
Adjective absurd capable human responsible original possible probalbe special
Noun absurdity capability humanity responsibility originality possibility probability specialty
availability certainty cruelty curiousity relativity
visible visibility
4) Complete the sentence with the words in the brackets in their noun froms.
(1) construction (2) Creativity (3) motivation (4) difference
(5) investment (6) capabilities (7) activity (8) humanity
(9) Poverty (12) Politeness
(10) ignorance (13) Curiosity (11) sincerity (14) shortness
2. Give words or expressions with similar meanings.
1) to freeze 2) precious 3) soft
4) low/soft/weak 5) to throw/ to toss/to cast
6) big/gigantic/huge/large
7) to cut/to cut short/to cut off/to destroy 8) ache/plain
9) area/field/patch/space/section/lot 10) to pick/to pull off
11) exactly
12) true/genuine/actual
13) foolish/stupid/unwise/dumb/brainless 14) to watch over/to look after/to control/to preside over/to manage/to direct/to guide
15) to shake/to shiver/to quiver
16) to sob/to cry
17) miserable/unhappy/pitiful/unfortunate
/sorrowful/broken-hearted
3. List words from the text that are related to flowers, trees, wild life and precious stones.
Words related to flowers and trees: petal, bud, rose, daisy, grass, meadow, grove, oak, thron, daffodil, spray, bloom
Words related to wild lofe: butterfly, dove, lizard, nightingale, nest, mermaiden Words related to precious stones: coral, crystal, emerald, opal, ruby
4. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper form.
To look out to sail acorss/through a place (a garden) for want of sth. to fly over to a place Night after night to build sth. out of sth.
to sing of sb./sth to give a ball
to hold sb,. in one’s arms to lean upon
to dance to the sound of music to fling oneself down to flutter about something of a (cynic) to soar into the air
to pass through a place
to set sb. against sb. else/sth. to lean down
to ebb away
to press close against sth. to shoot through sb./(said of pain)
5. Comoplete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms.
1) of his own wil 4) For want of 7) compared to
l2) blind with 3) pressed, against 5) in return 6) lingered on 8) was fond of, something of 9) Compared to
to stain sth. with sth. else to be dear to sb. to be compared to to sweep over a place to ask of sb. in return to look up to be fond of to lie down of one’s own will a burst of music to linger on
to go with (said of color) upon one’s words
10) For want of 11) compared to 12) blue with
6. Put the following into Enghlish
1) to give/hold/have a ball
2) to give/hold/have/throw a party 3) to give a press conference
4) to bury the treasures
5) to bury/cover one;s face in one’s hands 6) to pluck/pick the flowers 7) to pay the price 1) go ahead 5) going on
2) go by 6) went on with
8) to press the doorbell
9) to sacrifice/give/lay down one’s life 10) to nip the buds 11) to pierce the heart 12) to deny the fact 13) to deny the charge 14) to fill up the bottle 3) went off 7) gone over
4) going up
8) going through
7. Complete the sentences with the following phrasal verbs of “go ” in their proper forms.
9) gon into 10) go with, go together 8. Give the figures in English.
1) ten thousand
2) twenty-three thousand
3) one hundred thousand
4) one hundred and eighty thousand 5) five hundred thousand/half a million 6) two hundred and fifty thousand/a quarter of a million
and a half million 9) fifteen million
10) seventy million
11) three hundred million
12) one billion and three hundred million/one point three billion 13) thirty-two billion
7) two million 14) five hundred billion/half a billion 8) three million and five hundred 15) seven trillion thousand/three point five milliion/three
9. Give the meaning of the underlined parts in the senteices below. Note how the meaning
are different in a different context. (1) 清了清（嗓子） (2) 放晴了
(3) 清醒清醒（头脑） (4) 还清（债务） (5) 清楚的 (6) 牢房
(7) 细胞
(8) 登机
(9) 董事（委员）会 (10) 伙食 (11) 木板
10. Examine the uses of “see ” and “go ” in the sentences below . List possible uses of these
words and then make sentences after the models.
Other posible uses of “see ” and “go ”
see: to see sb./sth. + adj.
to see sb. do sth. to see sb.doing sth. to see sth.done
to see + why/if/that-clause to see to sth.
to see to it + that-clasue go: to go + adj/adv.
to go + present participle (phrase)
11. Give the sentence patterns of the underlined part in the sentences below, and then using
the patterns, rewrite the sentences that follow. Sentence pattern: imperative +and + clause Imperative + or +clause One possibility of the sentences:
1) Read Lu Xun and your mind will include a piece of his.
2) Drink tomato juice for some time and you will not be afarid of seeing blood. 3) Rest for a while and your headache will be gone.
4) Give Jimmy less money, or he will develop some bad habit. 5) Improve the quality of your product, or you will lose your market. 6) Punish these people severely, or illegal tradein wild life will never stop. 7) Take this opportunity, our you will live to regret it.
8) Stop polluting our rivers and lakes immediately, or we will be in deep trouble. 12. Put in the missing words.
(1) lives (5) heard (9) calmed (13) slower (17) create
(2) noticed (6) to
(3) but (7) plant
(4) or (8) by (12) seems (16) be
(10) used (14) shopping (18) to
(11) dollars (15) weekends
III Grammar
1. Understand how grammar helps to create meaning in context.
1) Observe these inverted sentences and learn why inversion is used.
Inverted is used
(1) with the introductory word here
(2) fo rrhetorical purpose –-for emphrasis
(3) after an adverbial of place
(4) with the introductory word there (5) same as (2) (6) same as (2) (7) same as (2) (8) same as (2) (9) same as (4)
(10) because the subject is too long while the verb too short (11) same as (3)
(12) because the subject has a modifier and also for emphasis (13) same as (3), (10) and (12) (14) same as (12)
Note: Inversion for rhetorical purposes chiefly occurs in works of literature. Most of the inverted sentences in this text are highly rhetorical and a little old-fashioned. This type of inversion should avoidedin everyday speech and informal writing.
2) Observe the relative clauses in these sentences and find out in what way they
are special. The relative clauses in the 10 sentences fall into twotypes:
a. Those that modify pronouns insteadof nouns. In such relative clauses that, not which, is
used for things, and when it functions as the object of the clause, it is often omitted. But when it is the subject, it cannot be left out. (This is also true when the relative clause modifies a noun.) all the sentences except (4) belong to this type.
b. Those that modify nouns with a superlative adjective. The rules for such clauses are the
same as those mentioned in a.
2. Combine each pair of the sentences as shown in the example.
1) Xiao Fang is the smartest girl I’ve ever known.
2) This is the most fantastic story I’ve ever heard.
3) 15,000 yuan is the lowest price we can offer for this laptop. 4) Pearl Harbor is the best American film I’ve seen for quite a while. 5) Lin is the most easy-going professor I’ve ever met. 6) The storm last night was the worst I can remember.
7) I think Dialogue is the most thought-provoking takk show CCTV offers. 8) I think Mr. Cui is the wittiest talk show host you can find at the moment.
9) In the 1930s, nursing and teaching were the best jobs capable women could dream of. 10) These are the most delious noodles we’ve had since a long time ago.
3. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, using
“all/everything,etc + a relative clause”. 1) The doctors did all they could
2) I don’t always agree with everyting he says 3) anything they ask for
4) All he got from a week of hard work 5) All that is written in his wife’s letter 6) Nothing the doctors said 7) anything you suggest
8) Something he read in a popular magazine 9) All that can be done is done 10) anything the artist painted
11) something that never existed before 4. Learn how to use modals.
1) Find out what notion eachof the modals expresses.
(1) possibility (2) belief (3) negative possibility
(4) ability (7) negative possibility
(5) possibility, ability (8 possibility)
(6) possibility
(9) possibility, possible necessity
(10) necessity (11) subjective certainty (12) subject certainty (13) necessity (because of importance)
2) Put in the blanks proper modals listed below.
(1) can ’t (ability) (2) must (obligation) (3) mustn ’t (obligation)
(4) must (obligation, had to (necessity)
(5) cannot (possibility), can (possibility)
(6) May (permission, can’t (permission, might (possibility) (7) can (possibility, must (obligation)
(8) can/may (possibility, must (subject certainty)
(9) might (possibility), hav to (necessity), can’t (possibility) (10) could (possibility), could (possibility), might (possibility) (11) must (necessity), can’t (possibility), have to (necessity)
Note: According to the Oxford Advanced Learner ’s Dictionary, the 2000 edition, there isn ’t much difference between “must ” and “have to” in American Englsih. The latter is more common, espically in speech. In British English there is a difference between them. “Must ” is use to talk about what the speaker or listener wants, and “have (got) to” about the rules, laws and other people’s wishes. There are no past or future form of “must ”. 5. Put in proper prepositions.
1) through 5) through As
2) over 6) Over/In/During, into
3) like 7) through
4) As, like 8) over
9) as, from, without, around, As, with, with, to
10) with, for, Besides/Apart form, at, at, between, of, on, round/around 6. Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.
1) Something (that) a witness asid dduring the trial has been bothering me.
2) Many parents mistakenly believe that the more toys children have, the more creative they will be.
3) A house without a book is like a room without a window. 4) He was so glad to see his old friend that tears ran down his cheeks.
5) People believe that tomorrow’s car will be bigger, faster, and more comfortable than before. 6) Both on land and at sea, helicopters have rescued many people. 7) Jim is intelligent, but not as hard-working as his sister.
8) The most humorous person (that) I’ve ever met is my teacher of Chinese. 9) I don’t believe an old man of 80 could be so strong as thoknock down a door. 10) All that the people want are lasting peace and social progress.
IV Written Work
Describe the plane crash briefly in about 130 words, with emphasis on the behavior of “th eman in the water”. Sample: