初中英语名词讲解与练习

(二）名词

II. 1. 规则名词的复数形式：

III. 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

1. ’s

2. ’s

3. of用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students

用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed

注：不同国籍人的单复数

国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数

中国人 the Chinese, a Chinese, two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss, a Swiss, two Swiss

澳大利亚人the Australians, an Australian, two Australians 俄国人 the Russians, a Russian, two Russians

意大利人 the Italians, an Italian, two Italians 希腊人 the Greek, a Greek, two Greeks

法国人 the French, a Frenchman, two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese, a Japanese, two Japanese

美国人 the Americans, an American, two Americans 印度人 the Indians, an Indian, two Indians

加拿大人 the Canadians, a Canadian, two Canadians 德国人 the Germans, a German, two Germans

英国人 the English, an Englishman, two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish, a Swede, two Swedes

4.特殊的复数形式:

1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。

the police 警察(指全体警察) the English 英国人(指全体英国人)

the French 法国人(指全体法国人)

2）复合名词

a woman teacher—women teachers 女教师 an Englishman—Englishmen 英国男子

a grown-up—grown-ups 成人

a brother-in-law—brothers-in-law 内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯

5.不可数名词

专有名词：NBA全美篮球协会 Michael Jackson 迈克杰克逊 the West Lake 西湖

物质名词：液体：milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)

肉类：beef chicken mutton pork

天气：weather rain snow wind light 光

其他：news(新闻，消息) bread(面包)

抽象名词：fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步

【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。

tea— different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶

food 食品 — all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品

fruit 水果 — all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果

glass 玻璃— a glass 一个玻璃杯 — glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯

名词练习

1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.

A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves

2. There are three ____ in our factory.

A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor

3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?

A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes

4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.

A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’s B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’s

C. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’s D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s

5. The ant has two ____. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs

6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks

7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a

8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a

9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light. A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound

10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.

A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles

11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate（军营门口）.

A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was

12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.

A. deal B. amount C. number D. size

13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.

A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of

14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.

A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands

15. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee

16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for.

A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price

17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Man’s B. Men’s C. Mens’ D. Person’s

18.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao Wang’s B. Wang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang

19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s

20. Have you ever read ____?

A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today’s newspaper

21. Two ____ walk didn’t made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’

22. The mother over there is ____ mother.

A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary’s C. Julia’s and Mary’s D. Julia’s and Mary

23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class.

A. anyone’s B. anyone else C. anyone’s else’s D. anyone else’s

24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.

A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand

25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair

26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel

27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.

A. information B. news C. message D. flash

28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.

A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing

29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill

30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.

A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened

C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place

31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.

A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking

32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.

A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man

33. He was an ____ in the government ____.

A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer

34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.

A. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character

35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital.

A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day

36. My friend will return in ____.

A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days

37. ____ is always difficult for me. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation

38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.

A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation

39. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to

40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one

41. No news ____ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has

42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. A. looks B. seems C. is D. are

43. “Where ____ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are

44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.

A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit

45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.

A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses

46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.

A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices

47. We are ____ and they are ____.

A. Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen

48. ____ are made of ____.

A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses

49. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of

50. There are two ____ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu’s D. Lius’

51. ____ is needed in cold countries.

A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes

52. They are ____. A. mathematics student B. mathematic students

C. students in mathematics D. mathematics students

53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions（反应）.

A. mouses’ B. mice C. mices’ D. mice’s

54. This letter was sent by ____.

A. my father friend B. my father friend’s C. a friend of my father’s D. a friend of my father

55. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____.

A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs

56. I have made ____ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend

57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi’an. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small

58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.

A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers

59. He had tried everything but it made little______ . A. use B. good C. difference D. result

60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no______ in sending the blood to the dying man.

A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry

61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ .

A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value

62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ______of spare time.

A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention

63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_____ .

A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course

64. One splendid mountain______ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.

A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene

65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed. (1999上海)

A. effect B. use C. service D. existence

66. When you play' football, what ______do you play? A. situation B. place C. part D. position

67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies.

A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation

68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.

A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation

名词答案：

1~5 BBDDD 6~10 BBCAA 11~15 ABCCB 16~20 DAACD 21~25 DBDCD 26~30 BADBD

31~35 AABDC 36~40 BACCB 41~45 ABDCA 46~50 BABCB 51~55 BDDCD 56~60 ABCCB

61~65 BACAA 66~70 DAD

(三）冠词

冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

填空

练习题

There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall．

2．This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour．

3． _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．

4． _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day．

5．Let's go out for _______ walk．

6．It's too hot．Open _______ door，please．

7．There is _______ woman over there． _______ woman is Meimei's mother．

8． _______ sun rises in _______ east．

9． _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China．

10．Are you going to do it _______ second time？

11．Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．

12． _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street．

13．He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995．

14． _______ old man is _______ teacher．He likes playing _______ basketball after _______ supper．

15．After I had _______ quick breakfast，I hurried to school．

16．Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and _______ meat？

17．They went to _______ People's Park，but we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday．

18．I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening．

19． _______ day of _______ December 20，1999 is Monday．

20．Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today．

选择填空

1．—Does Jim have _______ ruler？ —Yes，he has _______ ． A．an；some B．a；one C．a；／ D．any；one

2．There is _______ old bike． _______ old bike is Mr Zhao's． A．an ；The B．the；An C．a；The D．the；The

3． _______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay． A．The B．A C．An D．Two

4．—How many books do you have？

—I have _______ book．That's _______ English book．

A．a；an B．a；one C．one；an D．one；one

5．At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby． A．a B．an C．the D．／

6． _______ tiger is _______ China．

A．The；a B．A；the C．The；from D．The；the

7．We can't see _______ sun at _______ night． A．the；the B．the；／ C．a；／ D．／；／

8． _______ useful book it is！ A．What an B．How a C．What a D．What

9．One afternoon he found _______ handbag．There was _______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag．

A．a；an；the B．a；a；the C．an；an；an D．the；a；a

10． _______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting．

A．An；an；a B．The；／；an C．The；／；a D．The；／；the

11． _______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world． A．A；a B．The；the C．A；the D．The；a

12． _______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River． A．The；a B．A；／ C．A；the D．An；the

13． _______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school．

A．A；an B．The；a C．The；the D．A；the

14．He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer． A．a；a B．a；the C．／；a D．a；

15．They made him _______ king． A．a B．the C．an D．／

16．His father is _______ English teacher．He works in our school． A．a B．an C．the D．／

17．Is he _______ American boy ？ A．an B．a C．one D．／

18．Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school？ A．／；／ B．／；the C．the；／ D．a；／

19．They passed our school _______ day before yesterday． A．an B．one C．a D．the

20．Australia is _______ English-speaking country． A．a B．an C．the D．／

21．She has _______ orange skirt． _______ skirt is nice． A．a；The B．an；The C．an；A D．the；The

22．This is _______ apple．It's _______ big apple． A．an；a B．a；the C．a；an D．an；the

23．Look at _______ horse over there． A．a B．an C．the D．／

24．Don't play _______ basketball here．It's dangerous． A．a B．an C．／ D．the

25．There is _______ old woman in the car． A．／ B．the C．a D．an

26．Beijing is _______ beautiful city．It's _______ capital of China． A．a；a B．the；the C．／；the D．a；the

27．Shanghai is in _______ east of China． A．／ B．an C．a D．the

28．I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years． A．a B．an C．the D．／

29．Bill is _______ English teacher．He likes playing _______ football． A．a；the B．an；the C．a；／ D．an；／

30．The museum is quite far．It will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus．

A．an；／ B．an；a C．a；／ D．／；／

（四）不定代词的用法

1. some，any

(1) some多用于肯定句，修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词，作“一些”解。它还可修饰单数可数名词，作“某一”解。如：

H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries.

H-5型禽流感首先在亚洲爆发。

Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早。

(2) any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。

If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me.

图书馆如果来了新杂志，替我借几本。

Are there any stamps in the drawer? 抽屉里有邮票吗？

Is there any money with you? 你身上带钱了吗？

(3) any还可以用于肯定句，作“任何的”解。

You can come here any time. 你什么时候来都行。

You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它。

2. either，both，all

(1) either表示“两者中的任何一个”。

Either of the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都非常自私。

Either will do. 两个都行。

(2) both“两个都”，修饰可数名词，统指两者。

Tom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步。

Both of them should make concessions. 他们双方都应做出让步。

(3) all“全部，所有的”，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，指两个以上的人或物。

All the students contributed to the fund.

所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。

All of the money has been spent. 钱都花完了。

We are all for you. 我们都支持你。

Say all you know and say it without reserve. 知无不言，言无不尽。

3. no，neither，none

(1) no“不”，可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。

Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。

There are no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云。

I have no money for such things. 我没钱买这些东西。

(2) neither“两者中哪个都不”，其所指范围是两个人或物。

Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。

Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk.

两个国家都不满意会谈的结果。

(3) none“没有一个人或东西”，它既可指可数名词（其所指范围是两个以上的人或物），又可指不可数名词。 All of the trees were cut down, and none was were. left.

所有的树都被砍了，一棵也不剩。

None of the students failed the examination.

没有一个学生考试不及格。

None of this money is his. 这笔钱没有一点儿是他的。

4. few, a few，little, a little

(1) few的意思是“没有几个”； a few的意思是“少数”， “几个”；修饰可数名词； a few表示肯定意义， few表示否定意义。

The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it.

这个问题太难了，几乎没人能做出来。

Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。

Few of them want to go. 他们中几乎没有人想去。

A few of them want to go. 他们中有几个人想去。

(2) little“没有多少”，a little“少量”，修饰不可数名词；a little表示肯定意义，little表示否定意义。如：

There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。

Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond.

虽然整整一个月没下雨了，但池塘里还有一点水。

5. many， much， most

(1) many用于修饰可数名词。

Many of the problems have been solved. 大部分问题已经解决了。

Many think that the situation will change soon. 很多人认为局势会很快改变。

(2) much用于修饰不可数名词。

Much of the money has been spent. 这笔钱的大部分已经被花掉了。

They have finished much of the work. 他们已经完成了大部分的工作。

6. another，other，the other，others，the others

(1) another指同类中多个东西中的“另一个” （即one more）。

This watch doesn't work, I must get another one.

这块表坏了，我该另买一块了。

He went back to work too soon，and was laid up for another three months.

他回去上班过早，结果又病倒三个月。

但要注意： other与物主限定词连用也可指余下的另一个或全部。如：

Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手。

Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger.

玛丽比我大，其余的都是我妹妹。

(2) other单独使用时指其他的、另外的人或物。

There must be some other reason for him refusing to help.

他不予帮助一定另有原因。

I saw Tom with some other fellow students.

我看见汤姆和其他一些同学在一起。

(3) the otherone/ones.指同类中余下的另一个或另一些。

I'll have to use our duplicate key. I lost the other one.

我不得不用我们的备用钥匙了，我把那一把丢了。

Where are the other students? 其他学生去哪儿了？

One of the murderers was caught, but the other is still at large.

一个凶手被抓住了，另一个却依然逍遥法外。

(4) others是other的复数形式，指其他的、另外的人或物。

We should not think only of our children, there are others to be cared for also.

我们不应该只想到自己的孩子，还有别的孩子也需要照顾。

Others may object to this plan. 别人可能会反对这个计划。

(5) the others表示同类中余下的全部。

The search party was divided into two groups. Some went to the right, the others went to the left. 搜寻小组一分为二，一部分人向右，另一部分向左。

Jenny is cleverer than any of. the others in her class.

珍妮比班上的其他（任何）人都聪明。

7. 复合不定代词someone somebody, something, anyoneanybody, anything, no onenobody, nothing, everyone everybody, everything

(1) someone, somebody某人和 something某物

Someone is asking to see you. 有人要见你。

Someone suggests putting off the meeting. 有人建议推迟会议。

There's something wrong with the machine. 机器出了毛病。

Something strange happened last night. 昨晚发生了件奇怪的事。

(2) anyone, anybody任何人和 anything任何事情

Anybody can do this work. It's very simple.

这事太简单了，人人都能做。

Did you meet anyone on your way home? 你回家的路上碰到什么人了吗？

He faltered："Is anything wrong？" 他支支唔唔地说：“有什么错吗？”

He did not say anything after that. 这以后他再也没说什么。

(3) no one, nobody没有人.和 nothing（没有东西）。

I'm not somebody. I'm nobody. 我不是重要人物，我是个无名小卒。

No one wants to do that. 没人愿做那种事。

Nobody is absent. 没有人缺席。

That's nothing. 那没有什么。

He said he knew nothing about it. 他说他对那事一无所知。

(4) everyone, everybody（每个人）和 everything（每样东西，一切事物）。

She said good-bye to everyone. 她和每个人告别。

Everybody's business is nobody's business. 事关大家无人管。

Everything is ready for the experiment. 实验的一切都准备好了。

This news means everything to us. 这个消息对我们至关重要。

复合不定代词用法大盘点

复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。使用时注意以下几点：

一、复合不定代词的指代对象

1、含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人，含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如：

Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房间哭。

No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的。

2、含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如：

Are you going to buy anything?你会去买东西吗？

I can hear nothing but your vioce. 我只听到了你的声音。

二、复合不定代词的属格

1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-’s属格形式。如：

Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.大家的事情没人管。

Is this anybody’s seat? 这儿有人坐吗？

2、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时，-’s属格应加在else之后。如：

Can you remember someone else’s name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗？

3、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-‘s属格形式。

三、复合不定代词的数

1、复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齐了吗？

Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。

2、当要对一群人讲话时，可使用以复合不定代词作主语的祈使句，句中的动词用原形。如： Nobody move！= Don’ anybody move！都别动！

Everyone lie down! 统统趴下！

四、复合不定代词的替代问题

由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。 1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词，其代词应该是he/she, him/her,其-‘s属格形式的代词应该是his/her, his/hers。如：

Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他（她）自己的说辞。

但是，这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性，所以为了避免这种别扭的情况，我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。如：

No one gave you a ticket, did they? 没人给你票，是吗？

Someone came in, but I didn’t know who they were. 有人进来了，但我不知道是谁。 2、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词，不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性，因此我们就使用it。如：

Something goes wrong, doesn’t it?出问题了，是吗？

五、复合不定代词的定语

复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。如：

Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗？

Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗？

Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗？

六、含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别

由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。

1、something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：

He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。

Do you have anything to say ？你有话要说吗？

I can’t meet anybody on the island. 在岛上，我没遇见任何人。

2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。如:

Would you like something to eat？要些吃的东西吗？

Isn’t there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗？

3、当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：

Anything is OK. 什么都行。

Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。

七、复合不定代词的否定

1、“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。例如：

Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。

The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。

2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：

He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。

= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.

You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？

= You have called no one/nobody up, have you? 八、复合不定代词作名词

复合不定代词可以充当名词用，表示“„„的事情（东西或人）”。 1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody的意义是“重要人物，大人物”，everyone/everybody意为“最重要的人”，no one/nobody则意指“无关紧要的人，小人物”。例如：

2、something，anything的意义是“重要事情（东西）”，everything表示“最重要的事情（东西）”，nothing则指“毫无趣味的事情，无关紧要的东西”。

九、合与分的区别问题

1、 someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；some one，any one，every one则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。例如：

Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。 ---Which toy would you like? ---Any one is OK. ---你要那个玩具？---随便。 2、no one（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”，既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如：

No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。

None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。

回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。例如： ---Who was late ? ---No one. ---谁迟到了？---谁也没有迟到。

---How many pigs do you keep? ---None. ---你养几头猪？---一头也没养。

不定代词专项练习

1．He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so many 2．____ name is Han Meimai.

A．Herself B．Hers C．She D．Her

3．All of us were invited, but ____ of us came A．neither B．none C．both

4．The weather in Shanghai is different from ____

A．Baotou B．Baotou weather C．that in Baotou D．those of Baotou 5．There isn't ____ water in the cup. A．any B．many C．some D．the 6．----Is this ____ pen?

----No, ____ is on my desk.

A．your; my B．yours; my C．your; mine D．yours; mine 7．The bottle is empty. There is ____ in it. A．anything B．something C．nothing 8．----Look! We have ____ sugar.

----Really? Let's go and buy some.

A．few B．a few C．little D．a little

9．There isn't ____ milk in the fridge. You'd better buy some. A．no B．any C．some

10．----“There isn't ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me?” ----“All ringht.”

A．some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some

11．Today, ____ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world. A．much too B．too much C．many too D．too many

12．There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand. A．both B．all C．every D．each 13．Is the shirt on the bed ____ ?

A．yours B．your C．you

14．Mr Green taught ____ English last year. A．our B．we C．us

15．These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one. A．other B．others C．the others D．another

16．Mary can't go with us. ____ has to look after ____ mother at home. A．She; his B．She; her C．He; her D．He; His

17．There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me? A．any; some B．any; any C．some; some D．some; any 18．I often help ____ .

A．he or she B．his and her C．him and her D．his and hers 19．There are some trees on ____ side of the street. A．both B．all C．either D．every 20．“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like ____ , because they're not useful.” A．both B．either C．all D．neither

21．They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest. A．any B．some C．none D．neither

22．There were ____ people and noise in the park last Sunday. A．many; much B．much; much C．much; many D．many; many

23．____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in the dictionary. A．Each; every B．Every; each C．Each; each D．Every; every 24．Please keep together. We want ____ of you to get lost. A．none B．some C．many D．any

25．There is ____ water here; but there are quite ____ empty glasses. A．little; a few B．few; little C．few; a few D．little; a little 26．The skirt is ____ . She made it ____ .

A．hers; herself B．her; herself C．herself; hers D．herself; her 27．“Haven't you forgotten ____ ?”“ ____ ,oh, I forgot my bag.” A．anything; Excuse me B．something; Excuse me C．something; Pardon D．everything; Pardon 28．Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you.

A．important anything B．anything important C．important something D．something important

29．My father is very busy with his work. He has ____ time to do the housework. A．little B．few C．a little D．a few

30．---- ____ of the boys in Class Four are playing games. ----____.

A．All B．Each C．The both D．None

31．The boy promised ____ mother never to lie to ____ again. A．his; him B．her; her C．her; him D．his; her 32．“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just ____ .” A．much B．a little C．a few D．little 33．____ school is much larger than ____ .

A．Their; our B．Their; ours C．Theirs; ours D．Theirs; our 34．Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read ____ letter.

A．anyone's else's B．anyone's else C．anyone else's D．anyone else 35．He found ____ very interesting to ride a horse. A．this B．that C．it D．which 36．Han Meimei, what about ____ to eat?

A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything 37．____ office is much smaller than ____ .

A．Ours; yours B．Our; yours C．Theirs; our D．Your; their 38．“Help ____ to some meat, Mary,”my aunt said to me.

A．themselves B．ourselves C．yourself D．himself

39．There are twenty teachers in this grade．Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers.

A．the other B．the others C．othersD．other

40．Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still ____ water on it. A．little B．a little C．few D．a few

（五）形容词和副词

I.形容词：

形容词的位置：

II. 副词

注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。

形容词和副词比较等级：

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.

2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。 3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day. 5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.

6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

形容词副词练习题

（）1. It was __________ weather that they decided to go out for a picnic. A. such fine B. such a fine C. so fine D. so fine a （）2. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining____________. A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily

（）3. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _______ of my friends.

A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully （）4. Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much________she was getting. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest （）5. —Did you watch the basketball match last weekend? —Yes, I did. It was covered________, and I think it was wonderful. A. live B. alive C living D. lively

（）6. The girl's voice sounds________. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully

（）7. —How are you today, Bob?—I'm even_______now. I don't think the medicine is good for me. A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier

（）8. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is________to be a famous writer.

A. enough creative B. creative enough C. energetic enough D. enough energetic （）9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances________Anita does. A. so good as B. as well as C. as good as D. so well as （）10. When the fire broke out, many people were so________that they ran________.

A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wildly （）11. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs________days. A. more two B. two more C. two another D. another more （）12. In the Science Museum, the children felt________to see so many________things. A. surprised; amazed B. surprising; amazing C surprising; amazed D. surprised; amazing （）13. It was ______________ music that I lost myself in it.

A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful a C. so beautiful D. such beautiful （）14. Be ________. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time. A. peaceful B. careful C. helpful D. thankful

（）15. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should keep calm and go to an open area as ________as possible. A. slowly B. quietly C. widely D. quickly （）16. I've got nothing to do. I'm ______.

A. bored B. interested C. excited D. frightened

（）17. She was ______ well dressed that she attracted everyone's attention at the party. A. so B. quite C. too D. very

（）18. Peter drives________Amy, so it will take Peter time to get to the hotel. A. much faster than; less B. more slowly than; less C as fast as; more D. as slowly as; more

（六）BE动词

Be动词口诀：

我用am,你用are, is用于他、她、它。单数用is,复数用are。

指示代词作主语,This, that用is, These, those要用are。若是变为否定句,Not系动词后面加。

若变一般疑问句,句首Am, Is, Are,句末问号莫忘加。回答一般疑问句,Yes,或N o简回答。

另外：我们还会碰到Be动词的动词不定式：to be，接下来我们来练练手吧 (光说不练假把式嘛)： I am sorry for my ______ late today. I haven’t ______ late for a long time.

You must ______ here on time next time. I expect you ______ a punctual person. 答案：I am sorry for my being late today. I haven’t been late for a long time.

(原句意思是“很抱歉我今天迟到了。我很长时间没迟到了。” 所以这句话可别随便和你的老师说喔，不然老师一定会抽死你的。阴笑ing…)

You must be here on time next time. I expect you to be a punctual person.

的形式时，否定都是在前面加not。例如：It will not be that easy. It couldn’t be better.

3. Be动词的进阶： (1) 时态：进行时

be doing => am is are / was were doing 例句：She is writing a letter now. I was sleeping at that time. (2) 语态

be done (可以和各种时态结合) 例句：I am badly paid.

He was killed in an accident.

He is appointed as the manager of this department. (3) 词缀be-

形容词：beloved adj. 敬爱的,受到爱戴的 belated a. 迟来的

benighted adj 愚昧无知的，落后的动词：belittle vt. 轻视，使渺小 bemoan vt. 惋惜；为…叹息

4. 涉及的句型： (1) 祈使句：

肯定：Be quiet, please. Be carefull.

否定：Don’t be nervous. Don’t be late.

Don't be too serious. (2) There be 结构：

There is a pen and two books on the desk. There are two books and a pen on the desk.

5. 句子赏析 Be yourself.

I'll always be there for you.

Leave her be, she obviously doesn’t want to talk about it. To be or not to be，that’s the question.

【总结】虽然be动词很短小，但却很强悍，在英语各大语法重点中都有它的身影，如时态，语态，虚拟语气，反义疑问句，强调句，定语从句，倒装等语法现象，所以大家要好好掌握它的用法。

（七）there be用法总结

There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型,表示"有",其确切含义是"存在"there 作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组,动词be和主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达"某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人"的时候常用"There be + 名词+ 地点(时间)这一句型。例如: There is a great Italian deli across the street. There are some students in the dormitory. 一、There be 结构中的主谓一致

1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be 应该取单数is;当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。 There's a man at the door.

There is some apple juice in the bottle. There are some strangers in the street.

2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。 There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。 There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。二、There be 结构中的时态

1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 There is no harm in trying.

There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. There will be a fine day tomorrow.

There have been several private schools in our area this year. 2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 There may be a cigarette in that box. There must be some cakes on the table.

There used to be a hospital there before the war.

3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用:be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….

There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。 There is gong to be a meeting tonight. There is likely to be a storm.

There happened to be a bus nearby.

There appears to have been a nasty accident.

4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其它动词。例如: There came a scent of lime-blossom.

Once upon a time there lived a king in China.

三、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句

1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,如: There isn't a box in the room.

There aren't any pens on the desk. There hasn't been any rain for a week.

There won't be a meeting today.

另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如: There is no water in the bottle. There are no pictures on the wall.

There will be no one at home tomorrow morning. There might be no money left。

2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如: Is there a cake on the table? Yes,there is. / No,there isn't. Will there be a party tonight? Yes,there will./ No, there won't

Have there been any letters from your mother lately? Yes,there have./ No, there haven't.

3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况: How many students are there in your school? How much money is there in your pocket? 4.There be 句型的反意疑问句 There is a cup on the table, isn't there?

There is some orange in the glass, isn't there?

There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren't there? There will be a new hospital nearby, won't there?

四、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式

There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 1. there being 结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语,通常用it 作形式主语,并且用for引导。 There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。 It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。

2. there be 结构作宾语时,通常用there to be ,常作这样一些词的宾语:expect,like, mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。

I expect there to be no argument about this.

I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs. People don't want there to be another war.

另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用"there to be"其它介词用"there being" The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence. I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 3. 作状语的there be 形式,通常用"there being"结构。 There being nothing else to do ,we went home. 因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。

They closed the door ,there being no customers. 因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。

五、There be 结构和have的区别与联系

1.区别点:there be 意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have 表示所有关系, 强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:

There are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。

Tom has many friends in China. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。

2.相同点:在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表示。如: 中国有许多长河。

There are many long rivers in China. China has many long rivers. 三月份有多少天?

How many days are there in March? How many days has March?