The land end,the sea begin!
陆止于此，海始于斯
一：Portugal nautical motif
葡萄牙航海动机
1：Portugal is a narrow strip of coastal land and the land, there is little inland. Fidel Gentile eastern expansion blocked any attempt it on land 葡萄牙国土是一块狭长的沿海土地，几乎没有什么内陆地区。东部的卡斯蒂莱堵塞了它在陆地上的任何扩张图谋。
2 Ottoman Empire blocked the road to East-West trade, Portugal outflow of gold, oriental spice has a great desire
奥斯曼土耳其帝国阻断东西方上路，葡萄牙黄金外流，且对东方香料等商品有迫切需求
3The spread of Christianity is the great Portuguese maritime exploration of spiritual power
宣扬基督教是葡萄牙航海冒险的巨大精神动力
二Portugal to sailing conditions
葡萄牙得以航海的条件
1Relatively stable domestic environment: Spain is still fighting to recover the homeland, Germany Bangguo melee. The Portuguese established a strong monarchy, ingenious Prince Enrique, the parties excellence cage in command.
1：相对稳定的国内环境：西班牙还在为收复国土而战，德意志邦国
混战。而葡萄牙建立起了强大的君主制国家，雄才大略的恩里克王子，将各方英才笼于麾下。
Prince Enrique contribution to the maritime industry:
恩里克王子对航海事业的贡献：
1Founder sailing school sailing talent cultivation in 1420 Prince Henry of Portugal Sagres sailing school was founded, the Observatory, and save data library, it is increasingly clear map of the world based on detailed information to support completion.
1创办航海学校培养航海人才 1420年亨利王子在葡萄牙萨格里什创办航海学校，天文台，及保存资料的图书馆，世界地图的愈加清晰正是建立在详细的资料支持下完成的。
2Improved shipbuilding and compass, significantly increasing the accuracy of the compass. Its improved three-masted dhows, lightweight flexible, easy to control, becoming a huge material basis Portuguese sailing.
2改进造船和指南针，大幅提升了指南针的精确度。其改进的三桅三角帆船，轻巧灵便，易于操控，成为葡萄牙航海的巨大物质基础。 3collect navigational information, to map the world, numerous sailing explore the world face increasingly clear in front of everybody.
3搜集航海资料，绘制世界地图，无数次的航海探索使世界面貌逐渐清晰于众人面前。
二Urgent need to open up the situation of the economic environment,
blocking the East-West trade makes Portugal a serious outflow of gold, oriental spices scarce commodity especially adventurous spirit inspired the Portuguese. On the verge of economic collapse forced the Portuguese new environment to explore.
二急需打开局面的经济环境，东西方贸易的阻断使葡萄牙黄金外流严重，东方商品尤其是香料的奇缺激发了葡萄牙人的冒险精神。濒临崩溃的经济环境逼迫葡萄牙人进行新的探索。
三Enlightened personnel policy breeds adventurer adventurous spirit: as an outstanding navigator Dias, Vasco da Gama, and so on. Seafaring people gathered so rapidly implemented.
三开明的人才政策蕴育了极富冒险精神的冒险家：如迪亚士，达伽马等等杰出的航海家。人才的聚集使航海事业得以迅速推行。 三：The great achievements of the Portuguese maritime industry 葡萄牙航海事业的巨大成就
一August 1487, Dias was ordered to leave the fleet in Lisbon, visit the West African coast. June 1488, Dias arrived at the southern tip of Africa, Cape of Good Hope was named King Noan II.
1487年8月，巴托罗梅乌•迪亚士奉命率船队离开里斯本，考察西非海岸。1488年6月，迪亚士抵达非洲的最南端，国王诺昂二世取名好望角。
二July 8, 1497, amounted to. Gama led a fleet of four ships
and about 170 sailors from Lisbon exploring bypass "Hope" route to India.
1497年7月8日，达.伽马率领由4艘船、约170名水手组成的船队由里斯本出发探索绕过“好望角”通往印度的航线。
三March 2, 1498, to enter Mozambique. 23 days sailing across the Arabian Sea, in l498 in May 20, leaving nearly 10 months after Portugal, Gama arrived in southern India's most famous commercial center of Calicut.
1498年3月2日，进入莫桑比克。航行23天，穿过阿拉伯海，于l498年5月20日，离开葡萄牙近10个月后，伽马到达印度南部最著名的商业中心卡利卡特。
四Gamma's flagship up in the September 9, 1499 to arrive in Lisbon. spices and other goods shipped back to profit in Europe was 60 times the cost of the expedition!
达•伽马的旗舰则在1499年9月9日才抵达里斯本。运回香料等货物在欧洲的获利为这次远征费用的60倍！
五In 1510, Portugal's second appointed "Viceroy of India" Albuquerque Quaker armed vessels led by the Portuguese occupation of Goa, India, to establish a stronghold continued eastward expansion. The following year they conquered Malacca in Malaysia in 1515, Hormuz also fell into their hands
1510年，葡萄牙任命的第二任“印度总督”阿尔布魁克带领葡萄牙
的武装船舰占领了印度的果阿，建立起继续向东扩张的据点。次年又征服了马来西亚的马六甲1515年，霍尔木兹也沦入其手
四：the Portuguese maritime significance
葡萄牙航海的意义
Positive significance: 积极意义：
一：The world is increasingly becoming an interrelated whole, in order to expand the market the seeds of capitalism and labor resources.
使世界日益成为一个相互联系的整体，为资本主义萌芽扩展了市场和劳动力资源。
二Europe triggered a large influx of gold prices and currency land revolution, the lives of local people to make a huge development. Portugal dynasty late a lot of gold outflow, also helped the rise of the Mediterranean countries, the European capitalist revolution is significant.
大量黄金涌入引发欧洲的价格革命和土地革命，使当地人民生活得到巨大发展。葡萄牙王朝后期大量黄金外流，也帮助了地中海沿岸国家的崛起，为欧洲资本主义革命意义重大。
三：Portugal to establish a broad colony, emerged as the first moment of a world dominated empire.
使葡萄牙建立起广泛的殖民地，崛起成为雄霸一时的第一个世界性帝国。
Negative impact: the colonies, the Portuguese is the hero of the ages, the first sin of all evil
消极影响：对殖民地来说，葡萄牙是千秋之功臣，万恶之罪首。 四：Portuguese navigators arrived colony advanced civilization destroying the old slavery civilization and promote the local civilization process objectively, when brought to the local production of advanced production technology an innovation.葡萄牙航海家到达殖民地，以先进文明摧毁当地旧的奴隶制文明，客观上促进了当地的文明化进程，带去的先进生产技术对当地生产时一种革新。
五But at the same time, the Europeans arrived in the colony, but also brought a plague of disease, resulting in the death of a large number of the local population. The latter is more prevalent in the slave trade is contrary to the nature of plunder and massacre of the colony is deeply disaster.
但同时，在欧洲人到达殖民地，也带去了瘟疫疾病，致使大量当地人口死亡。后期盛行的奴隶贸易更是违背天性的掠夺和屠杀，对殖民地是深深的灾难。
六In the formation of the new route opened on the basis of the economic model that Europe's colonial raw materials and the labor market, resulting in even more serious polarization, when European and enjoy the fruits of the victory of the revolution,
when the colonized people are still fighting for national independence.
在新航路开辟基础上形成的经济模式，使殖民地成为欧洲的原料产地和劳动力市场，致使两级分化愈加严重，当欧洲享受革命胜利果实的时候，殖民地人民还在为民族独立而战。
Looking back on the history of thinking:回望历史的思考： 1Dare to do first. Walking in front of others, you will get great results, Portugal was the first to the maritime industry, discovered the New World, the monopoly of trade, not only on the hugely-income economy, more so dominating Portugal became the world's first empire. Step ahead, you will see a different world.
敢于做第一个。走在别人的前面，你将获得巨大的成果，葡萄牙率先开始航海事业，发现新大陆，垄断贸易，不仅获得经济上的巨大收入，更使葡萄牙成为雄踞世界的第一个大帝国。先人一步，你将看到不一样的世界。
2Break-set thinking. Pioneer is great, but the pioneers are often known as interference, because the East yearning, Portugal sailing directed east. Because again attempt to understand the world leader in the Portuguese others sailed to the west to reach the East but from the more distant the correct conclusion let Portugal abandoned the West, perfecting the rise
in Spain. Break-set of thinking, has been leading the world in order.
打破定式思维。开创者是伟大的，但开创者常常被已知所干扰，因为对东方的向往，葡萄牙航海直指东方。因为一次次的尝试，葡萄牙人对世界的了解领先他人，向西方航行能到达东方但距离更遥远的正确论断让葡萄牙放弃了西方，成全了西班牙的崛起。打破定式思维，才能一直领跑世界。
3One moves, never complacent. Portugal took the lead in maritime exploration, a large inflow of gold, wealth accumulation, facing enormous wealth, Portugal dynasty has lost his mind, the royal extravagance, like the waves of the inflow of gold as they went dashing stream. These achievements wealth capitalist revolution but Britain, France and other Mediterranean countries. The same gold and silver, not the same fate.
逆水行舟，不进则退，永远不要安于现状。葡萄牙率先进行了航海探索，大量黄金流入，财富聚集，面对巨额财富，葡萄牙王朝却失去了理智，王室挥霍，使黄金像波涛流入般又潇洒的流去了。而这些财富却又成就了英国，法国等地中海沿岸国家的资本主义革命。同样的金银，不一样的命运。
End: Rise of the Portuguese maritime achievements of the Portuguese empire, but its another tragic curtain call, the
test proved that the great wealth of a country enduring tower in the world, and the need to protect the legal system, the monarchy's rule of man society, its prosperous only generations can hope a wise monarch, once the king stupid successor, lust, regret in a hundred years will accumulate once. Superstructure, temples resourcefulness, is a strong country when the first consideration.
结束：葡萄牙航海成就了葡萄牙帝国的崛起，但其又悲剧性的谢幕，巨大财富的考验证明，一个国家持久的屹立于世界，需要法律与制度的保障，君主制的人治社会，其繁荣富强只能寄希望于一两代的英明君主，一旦有昏庸君王继任，利令智昏，百年累积也将悔于一旦。上层建筑，庙堂智谋，是国家强大首先当考虑的。
葡萄牙人之歌--卡蒙斯
“威武的船队，强悍的勇士，
驶离卢济塔尼亚西部海岸，
越过自古茫无人迹的海洋，
甚至跨越普罗瓦那海角，
经历千难万险、无穷战争，
超出人力所能承受的极限，
在那荒僻遥远的异域之邦，
将灿烂辉煌的新帝国拓建。”
Portuguese song - Ka Mengsi
"Mighty fleet, powerful warriors,
Lu Ji Tania left the west coast,
Since ancient times, crossed the vast deserted ocean, Even across Pu Luowa that Cape
Experiencing hardships, endless war,
Beyond the limits of human can bear,
In that desolate distant land of the state, The brilliant new extension built empires. "
The land end,the sea begin!
陆止于此，海始于斯
一：Portugal nautical motif
葡萄牙航海动机
1：Portugal is a narrow strip of coastal land and the land, there is little inland. Fidel Gentile eastern expansion blocked any attempt it on land 葡萄牙国土是一块狭长的沿海土地，几乎没有什么内陆地区。东部的卡斯蒂莱堵塞了它在陆地上的任何扩张图谋。
2 Ottoman Empire blocked the road to East-West trade, Portugal outflow of gold, oriental spice has a great desire
奥斯曼土耳其帝国阻断东西方上路，葡萄牙黄金外流，且对东方香料等商品有迫切需求
3The spread of Christianity is the great Portuguese maritime exploration of spiritual power
宣扬基督教是葡萄牙航海冒险的巨大精神动力
二Portugal to sailing conditions
葡萄牙得以航海的条件
1Relatively stable domestic environment: Spain is still fighting to recover the homeland, Germany Bangguo melee. The Portuguese established a strong monarchy, ingenious Prince Enrique, the parties excellence cage in command.
1：相对稳定的国内环境：西班牙还在为收复国土而战，德意志邦国
混战。而葡萄牙建立起了强大的君主制国家，雄才大略的恩里克王子，将各方英才笼于麾下。
Prince Enrique contribution to the maritime industry:
恩里克王子对航海事业的贡献：
1Founder sailing school sailing talent cultivation in 1420 Prince Henry of Portugal Sagres sailing school was founded, the Observatory, and save data library, it is increasingly clear map of the world based on detailed information to support completion.
1创办航海学校培养航海人才 1420年亨利王子在葡萄牙萨格里什创办航海学校，天文台，及保存资料的图书馆，世界地图的愈加清晰正是建立在详细的资料支持下完成的。
2Improved shipbuilding and compass, significantly increasing the accuracy of the compass. Its improved three-masted dhows, lightweight flexible, easy to control, becoming a huge material basis Portuguese sailing.
2改进造船和指南针，大幅提升了指南针的精确度。其改进的三桅三角帆船，轻巧灵便，易于操控，成为葡萄牙航海的巨大物质基础。 3collect navigational information, to map the world, numerous sailing explore the world face increasingly clear in front of everybody.
3搜集航海资料，绘制世界地图，无数次的航海探索使世界面貌逐渐清晰于众人面前。
二Urgent need to open up the situation of the economic environment,
blocking the East-West trade makes Portugal a serious outflow of gold, oriental spices scarce commodity especially adventurous spirit inspired the Portuguese. On the verge of economic collapse forced the Portuguese new environment to explore.
二急需打开局面的经济环境，东西方贸易的阻断使葡萄牙黄金外流严重，东方商品尤其是香料的奇缺激发了葡萄牙人的冒险精神。濒临崩溃的经济环境逼迫葡萄牙人进行新的探索。
三Enlightened personnel policy breeds adventurer adventurous spirit: as an outstanding navigator Dias, Vasco da Gama, and so on. Seafaring people gathered so rapidly implemented.
三开明的人才政策蕴育了极富冒险精神的冒险家：如迪亚士，达伽马等等杰出的航海家。人才的聚集使航海事业得以迅速推行。 三：The great achievements of the Portuguese maritime industry 葡萄牙航海事业的巨大成就
一August 1487, Dias was ordered to leave the fleet in Lisbon, visit the West African coast. June 1488, Dias arrived at the southern tip of Africa, Cape of Good Hope was named King Noan II.
1487年8月，巴托罗梅乌•迪亚士奉命率船队离开里斯本，考察西非海岸。1488年6月，迪亚士抵达非洲的最南端，国王诺昂二世取名好望角。
二July 8, 1497, amounted to. Gama led a fleet of four ships
and about 170 sailors from Lisbon exploring bypass "Hope" route to India.
1497年7月8日，达.伽马率领由4艘船、约170名水手组成的船队由里斯本出发探索绕过“好望角”通往印度的航线。
三March 2, 1498, to enter Mozambique. 23 days sailing across the Arabian Sea, in l498 in May 20, leaving nearly 10 months after Portugal, Gama arrived in southern India's most famous commercial center of Calicut.
1498年3月2日，进入莫桑比克。航行23天，穿过阿拉伯海，于l498年5月20日，离开葡萄牙近10个月后，伽马到达印度南部最著名的商业中心卡利卡特。
四Gamma's flagship up in the September 9, 1499 to arrive in Lisbon. spices and other goods shipped back to profit in Europe was 60 times the cost of the expedition!
达•伽马的旗舰则在1499年9月9日才抵达里斯本。运回香料等货物在欧洲的获利为这次远征费用的60倍！
五In 1510, Portugal's second appointed "Viceroy of India" Albuquerque Quaker armed vessels led by the Portuguese occupation of Goa, India, to establish a stronghold continued eastward expansion. The following year they conquered Malacca in Malaysia in 1515, Hormuz also fell into their hands
1510年，葡萄牙任命的第二任“印度总督”阿尔布魁克带领葡萄牙
的武装船舰占领了印度的果阿，建立起继续向东扩张的据点。次年又征服了马来西亚的马六甲1515年，霍尔木兹也沦入其手
四：the Portuguese maritime significance
葡萄牙航海的意义
Positive significance: 积极意义：
一：The world is increasingly becoming an interrelated whole, in order to expand the market the seeds of capitalism and labor resources.
使世界日益成为一个相互联系的整体，为资本主义萌芽扩展了市场和劳动力资源。
二Europe triggered a large influx of gold prices and currency land revolution, the lives of local people to make a huge development. Portugal dynasty late a lot of gold outflow, also helped the rise of the Mediterranean countries, the European capitalist revolution is significant.
大量黄金涌入引发欧洲的价格革命和土地革命，使当地人民生活得到巨大发展。葡萄牙王朝后期大量黄金外流，也帮助了地中海沿岸国家的崛起，为欧洲资本主义革命意义重大。
三：Portugal to establish a broad colony, emerged as the first moment of a world dominated empire.
使葡萄牙建立起广泛的殖民地，崛起成为雄霸一时的第一个世界性帝国。
Negative impact: the colonies, the Portuguese is the hero of the ages, the first sin of all evil
消极影响：对殖民地来说，葡萄牙是千秋之功臣，万恶之罪首。 四：Portuguese navigators arrived colony advanced civilization destroying the old slavery civilization and promote the local civilization process objectively, when brought to the local production of advanced production technology an innovation.葡萄牙航海家到达殖民地，以先进文明摧毁当地旧的奴隶制文明，客观上促进了当地的文明化进程，带去的先进生产技术对当地生产时一种革新。
五But at the same time, the Europeans arrived in the colony, but also brought a plague of disease, resulting in the death of a large number of the local population. The latter is more prevalent in the slave trade is contrary to the nature of plunder and massacre of the colony is deeply disaster.
但同时，在欧洲人到达殖民地，也带去了瘟疫疾病，致使大量当地人口死亡。后期盛行的奴隶贸易更是违背天性的掠夺和屠杀，对殖民地是深深的灾难。
六In the formation of the new route opened on the basis of the economic model that Europe's colonial raw materials and the labor market, resulting in even more serious polarization, when European and enjoy the fruits of the victory of the revolution,
when the colonized people are still fighting for national independence.
在新航路开辟基础上形成的经济模式，使殖民地成为欧洲的原料产地和劳动力市场，致使两级分化愈加严重，当欧洲享受革命胜利果实的时候，殖民地人民还在为民族独立而战。
Looking back on the history of thinking:回望历史的思考： 1Dare to do first. Walking in front of others, you will get great results, Portugal was the first to the maritime industry, discovered the New World, the monopoly of trade, not only on the hugely-income economy, more so dominating Portugal became the world's first empire. Step ahead, you will see a different world.
敢于做第一个。走在别人的前面，你将获得巨大的成果，葡萄牙率先开始航海事业，发现新大陆，垄断贸易，不仅获得经济上的巨大收入，更使葡萄牙成为雄踞世界的第一个大帝国。先人一步，你将看到不一样的世界。
2Break-set thinking. Pioneer is great, but the pioneers are often known as interference, because the East yearning, Portugal sailing directed east. Because again attempt to understand the world leader in the Portuguese others sailed to the west to reach the East but from the more distant the correct conclusion let Portugal abandoned the West, perfecting the rise
in Spain. Break-set of thinking, has been leading the world in order.
打破定式思维。开创者是伟大的，但开创者常常被已知所干扰，因为对东方的向往，葡萄牙航海直指东方。因为一次次的尝试，葡萄牙人对世界的了解领先他人，向西方航行能到达东方但距离更遥远的正确论断让葡萄牙放弃了西方，成全了西班牙的崛起。打破定式思维，才能一直领跑世界。
3One moves, never complacent. Portugal took the lead in maritime exploration, a large inflow of gold, wealth accumulation, facing enormous wealth, Portugal dynasty has lost his mind, the royal extravagance, like the waves of the inflow of gold as they went dashing stream. These achievements wealth capitalist revolution but Britain, France and other Mediterranean countries. The same gold and silver, not the same fate.
逆水行舟，不进则退，永远不要安于现状。葡萄牙率先进行了航海探索，大量黄金流入，财富聚集，面对巨额财富，葡萄牙王朝却失去了理智，王室挥霍，使黄金像波涛流入般又潇洒的流去了。而这些财富却又成就了英国，法国等地中海沿岸国家的资本主义革命。同样的金银，不一样的命运。
End: Rise of the Portuguese maritime achievements of the Portuguese empire, but its another tragic curtain call, the
test proved that the great wealth of a country enduring tower in the world, and the need to protect the legal system, the monarchy's rule of man society, its prosperous only generations can hope a wise monarch, once the king stupid successor, lust, regret in a hundred years will accumulate once. Superstructure, temples resourcefulness, is a strong country when the first consideration.
结束：葡萄牙航海成就了葡萄牙帝国的崛起，但其又悲剧性的谢幕，巨大财富的考验证明，一个国家持久的屹立于世界，需要法律与制度的保障，君主制的人治社会，其繁荣富强只能寄希望于一两代的英明君主，一旦有昏庸君王继任，利令智昏，百年累积也将悔于一旦。上层建筑，庙堂智谋，是国家强大首先当考虑的。
葡萄牙人之歌--卡蒙斯
“威武的船队，强悍的勇士，
驶离卢济塔尼亚西部海岸，
越过自古茫无人迹的海洋，
甚至跨越普罗瓦那海角，
经历千难万险、无穷战争，
超出人力所能承受的极限，
在那荒僻遥远的异域之邦，
将灿烂辉煌的新帝国拓建。”
Portuguese song - Ka Mengsi
"Mighty fleet, powerful warriors,
Lu Ji Tania left the west coast,
Since ancient times, crossed the vast deserted ocean, Even across Pu Luowa that Cape
Experiencing hardships, endless war,
Beyond the limits of human can bear,
In that desolate distant land of the state, The brilliant new extension built empires. "