XX学院
设计说明书
课 题： 同轴式两级圆柱齿轮减速器
子课题: 同课题学生姓名:
专 业 学生姓名 班 级 学 号 指导教师 完成日期
1
同轴式两级圆柱齿轮减速器
摘要
减速器是各类机械设备中广泛应用的传动装置。减速器设计的优劣直接影响机械设备的传动性能。
减速器是原动机和工作机之间的独立的闭式传动装置，用来降低转速和增大转矩，以满足工作需要，在某些场合也用来增速，称为增速器。
选用减速器时应根据工作机的选用条件，技术参数，动力机的性能，经济性等因素，比较不同类型、品种减速器的外廓尺寸，传动效率，承载能力，质量，价格等，选择最适合的减速器。
减速器的类别、品种、型式很多，目前已制定为行（国）标的减速器有40余种。减速器的类别是根据所采用的齿轮齿形、齿廓曲线划分；减速器的品种是根据使用的需要而设计的不同结构的减速器；减速器的型式是在基本结构的基础上根据齿面硬度、传动级数、出轴型式、装配型式、安装型式、联接型式等因素而设计的不同特性的减速器。
与减速器联接的工作机载荷状态比较复杂，对减速器的影响很大，是减速器选用及计算的重要因素，减速器的载荷状态即工作机（从动机）的载荷状态，通常分为三类：
①—均匀载荷; ②—中等冲击载荷; ③—强冲击载荷。
由于编者水平有限，设计中有错误与不当之处在所难免，希望大家批评指正。 关键字：减速器、齿轮、轴承、联接
2
目 录
摘要························································································2 一、设计任务书······································································6
一、设计题目········································································6 二、原始数据········································································6 三、设计内容和要求······························································6
二、传动方案的拟定·····························································7 三、电动机的选择··································································7
1.选择电动机的类型·······························································7 2.选择电动机功率···································································7 3.确定电动机转速···································································8
四、传动比的计算
1. 总传动比·········································································8 2. 分配传动比······································································8
五、传动装置运动、动力参数的计算
1.各轴的转速············································································8 2.各轴功率计············································································8 3.各轴转矩················································································9
六、 传动件的设计计算
一、高速级齿轮传动的设计计算················································9 1.选择材料、热处理方式和公差等级·············································9 2.初步计算传动的主要尺寸··························································9 3.确定传动尺寸·········································································10 4.校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度·····························································11 5.计算齿轮传动其他几何尺寸····················································12 二、低速级圆柱齿轮的设计计算
1.选择材料、热处理方式和公差等级··············································12 2.初步计算传动的主要尺寸···························································13 3.确定传动尺寸···········································································15 4.校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度······························································16 5.计算齿轮传动其他几何尺寸·····················································17
七、齿轮上作用力的计算·························································17
1.高速级齿轮传动的作用力····························································17 2.低速级齿轮传动的作用力····························································18
八、减速器装配草图的设计······················································19
3
九、轴的设计计算···································································19
一、高速轴的设计与计算····························································19 1.已知条件············································································19 2.选择轴的材料······································································19 3.初算轴径············································································19 4.结构设计············································································20 5.键连接················································································21 6.轴的受力分析·······································································22 7.校核轴的强度·······································································23 8.校核键连接的强度·································································23 二、中间轴的设计与计算································································24 1.已知条件···············································································24 2.选择轴的材料········································································24 3.初算轴径···············································································24 4.结构设计················································································24 5.键连接···················································································25 6.轴的受力分析·········································································25 7.校核轴的强度·········································································28 8.校核键连接的强度···································································28 三、低速轴的设计与计算·································································29 1.已知条件·················································································29 2.选择轴的材料···········································································29 3.初算轴径·················································································29 4.结构设计·················································································30 5.键连接····················································································31 6.轴的受力分析···········································································31 7.校核轴的强度···········································································32 8.校核键连接的强度·····································································33
十、减速器箱体的结构尺寸··························································33
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十一、润滑油的选择与计算························································34 十二、装配图和零件图································································35
致谢·······························································································36 参考文献························································································37
5
一、设计任务书
一、设计题目：设计同轴式两级圆柱齿轮减速器
设计热处理车间零件清洗用传送设备。该传送设备的传动系统由电动机—减速器—运输带组成。每日二班制工作，工作期限为10年。运输带允许最大误差为 5%。
二、原始数据：
三、设计内容和要求：
1. 编写设计计算说明书一份，其内容通常包括下列几个方面： （1）传动系统方案的分析和拟定以及减速器类型的选择； （2）电动机的选择与传动装置运动和动力参数的计算； （3）传动零件的设计计算； （4）轴的设计计算；
（5）轴承及其组合部件设计；
（6）键联接和联轴器的选择及校核； （7）减速器箱体，润滑及附件的设计； （8）装配图和零件图的设计； （9）校核；
（10）轴承寿命校核； （11）设计小结； （12）参考文献； （13）致谢。
2. 要求每个学生完成以下工作：
（1）减速器装配图一张（0号或一号图纸） （2）零件工作图二张（输出轴及该轴上的齿轮），图号自定，比例1︰1。 （3）设计计算说明书一份。
二、传动方案的拟定
运动简图如下：
6
图示：１为电动机，２及６为联轴器，３为减速器，４为高速级齿轮传动，５为低速级齿轮传动，７为输送机滚筒。
辅助件有:观察孔盖,油标和油尺,放油螺塞,通气孔,吊环螺钉,吊耳和吊钩,定位销,启盖螺钉,轴承套,密封圈等.。
三、电动机的选择
电动机的选择见表1
7
四、传动比的计算及分配
传动比的计算及分配见表2
五、传动装置运动、动力参数的计算
传动装置运动、动力参数的计算见表3 8
六、传动件的设计计算
一、减速器外传动件的设计
减速器外传动只有带传动，故只需对待传动进行设计。带传动的设计计算见表4
9
10
二、减速器内传动的设计计算
二、低速级斜齿圆柱齿轮的设计计算 低速级斜齿圆柱齿轮的设计计算见表6
七、齿轮上作用力的计算
齿轮上作用力的计算为后续轴的设计和校核、键的选择和验算及轴承的选择和校核提供数据，其计算过程见表6
八、 减速器转配草图的设计
一、合理布置图面
该减速器的装配图一张A0或A1图纸上，本文选择A0图纸绘制装配图。根据图纸幅面大小与减速器两级齿轮传动的中心距，绘图比例定位1：1，采用三视图表达装配的结构。
二、绘出齿轮的轮廓尺寸
在俯视图上绘出两级齿轮传动的轮廓尺寸
21
三、箱体内壁
在齿轮齿廓的基础上绘出箱体的内壁、轴承端面、轴承座端面线
九、轴的设计计算
轴的设计和计算、轴上齿轮轮毂孔内径及宽度、滚动轴承的选择和校核、键的选择和验算与轴联接的半联轴器的选择同步进行。
一、高速轴的设计与计算
22
23
24
25
26
二、中间轴的设计与计算
27
28
29
30
三、低速轴的设计计算
低速轴的设计计算见表9
十、减速器箱体的结构尺寸
十一、润滑油的选择与计算
轴承选择ZN-3钠基润滑脂润滑。齿轮选择全损耗系统用油L-AN68润滑油润滑，润滑油深度为0.78dm，箱体底面尺寸为6.44dm*2.06dm，箱体内所装润滑油量为
33
V=6.44*2.06*0.78dm=10.35dm
该减速器所传递的功率P0=1.4kw。对于二级减速器，每传递1kw的功率，需油量为
3
V0=0.7～1.4dm，该减速器所需油量为
33
V1=P0V0=1.4*（0.7～1.4)dm=0.98～1.96dm V1中的取值范围，可以满足V的取值，润滑油量满足要求。 轴承采用油润滑，齿轮飞溅到上箱壁的润滑油进入箱体分界面的导油沟，导入到轴承座中对轴承完成润滑。
十二、装配图和零件图
一、附件设计与选择
1.检查孔集检查孔盖
检查孔尺寸为200mm*146mm，位置在中间轴的上方；检查孔盖尺寸为270*182mm。 2.油面指示装置
选用油标尺M16，由表8-40可查相关尺寸。 3.通气器
选用提手式通气器，由图8-21可查相关尺寸。 4.放油孔及螺塞
设置一个放油孔。螺塞选用六角螺塞M16⨯1.5JB/T1700—2008，螺塞垫24⨯16JB/T1718—2008，由表8-41和8-42可查相关尺寸。. 5.起吊装置
上箱盖采用吊环，箱座上采用吊钩，由表8-43可查相关尺寸。 6.起箱螺钉
起箱螺钉查表8-29，选取螺钉GB/T5781—2000M10⨯25。 7.定位销
定位销查表8-44，取销GB/T117—2000 5⨯35两个。
二、绘制装配图和零件图
选择与计算其他附件后，所完成的装配图如图1所示。减速器输出轴及输出轴上的齿轮零件图如图2和图3所示。
致谢
参考文献
1、赵波主编等 . 液压与气动技术 .北京：机
2、梁景凯主编 . 机电一体化技术与系统 .哈尔滨：机械工业出版社，2009
3、周文玲主编 .互换性与测量技术.北京：机械工业出版社，2008
4、黄鹤汀主编 机械制造技术 .北京：机械工业出版社，2004
5、祁红志主编 .机械制造基础 .北京：电子工业出版社，2007
6、顾淑群主编 .机械基础 .北京：人民邮电出版社，2005
7、张永茂主编等 .AutoCAD二维绘图多媒体教程 .北京:航空工业出版社,2005
8、范钦珊主编 . 应用力学 .北京：中央广播电视大学出版社，1999
9、李彩霞主编 . 机械精度射击与检测技术 . 上海：上海交通大学出版社，2004
10、吴宗泽主编 .机械设计实用手册. 北京：化学工业出版社，2003
XX学院
设计说明书
课 题： 同轴式两级圆柱齿轮减速器
子课题: 同课题学生姓名:
专 业 学生姓名 班 级 学 号 指导教师 完成日期
1
同轴式两级圆柱齿轮减速器
摘要
减速器是各类机械设备中广泛应用的传动装置。减速器设计的优劣直接影响机械设备的传动性能。
减速器是原动机和工作机之间的独立的闭式传动装置，用来降低转速和增大转矩，以满足工作需要，在某些场合也用来增速，称为增速器。
选用减速器时应根据工作机的选用条件，技术参数，动力机的性能，经济性等因素，比较不同类型、品种减速器的外廓尺寸，传动效率，承载能力，质量，价格等，选择最适合的减速器。
减速器的类别、品种、型式很多，目前已制定为行（国）标的减速器有40余种。减速器的类别是根据所采用的齿轮齿形、齿廓曲线划分；减速器的品种是根据使用的需要而设计的不同结构的减速器；减速器的型式是在基本结构的基础上根据齿面硬度、传动级数、出轴型式、装配型式、安装型式、联接型式等因素而设计的不同特性的减速器。
与减速器联接的工作机载荷状态比较复杂，对减速器的影响很大，是减速器选用及计算的重要因素，减速器的载荷状态即工作机（从动机）的载荷状态，通常分为三类：
①—均匀载荷; ②—中等冲击载荷; ③—强冲击载荷。
由于编者水平有限，设计中有错误与不当之处在所难免，希望大家批评指正。 关键字：减速器、齿轮、轴承、联接
2
目 录
摘要························································································2 一、设计任务书······································································6
一、设计题目········································································6 二、原始数据········································································6 三、设计内容和要求······························································6
二、传动方案的拟定·····························································7 三、电动机的选择··································································7
1.选择电动机的类型·······························································7 2.选择电动机功率···································································7 3.确定电动机转速···································································8
四、传动比的计算
1. 总传动比·········································································8 2. 分配传动比······································································8
五、传动装置运动、动力参数的计算
1.各轴的转速············································································8 2.各轴功率计············································································8 3.各轴转矩················································································9
六、 传动件的设计计算
一、高速级齿轮传动的设计计算················································9 1.选择材料、热处理方式和公差等级·············································9 2.初步计算传动的主要尺寸··························································9 3.确定传动尺寸·········································································10 4.校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度·····························································11 5.计算齿轮传动其他几何尺寸····················································12 二、低速级圆柱齿轮的设计计算
1.选择材料、热处理方式和公差等级··············································12 2.初步计算传动的主要尺寸···························································13 3.确定传动尺寸···········································································15 4.校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度······························································16 5.计算齿轮传动其他几何尺寸·····················································17
七、齿轮上作用力的计算·························································17
1.高速级齿轮传动的作用力····························································17 2.低速级齿轮传动的作用力····························································18
八、减速器装配草图的设计······················································19
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九、轴的设计计算···································································19
一、高速轴的设计与计算····························································19 1.已知条件············································································19 2.选择轴的材料······································································19 3.初算轴径············································································19 4.结构设计············································································20 5.键连接················································································21 6.轴的受力分析·······································································22 7.校核轴的强度·······································································23 8.校核键连接的强度·································································23 二、中间轴的设计与计算································································24 1.已知条件···············································································24 2.选择轴的材料········································································24 3.初算轴径···············································································24 4.结构设计················································································24 5.键连接···················································································25 6.轴的受力分析·········································································25 7.校核轴的强度·········································································28 8.校核键连接的强度···································································28 三、低速轴的设计与计算·································································29 1.已知条件·················································································29 2.选择轴的材料···········································································29 3.初算轴径·················································································29 4.结构设计·················································································30 5.键连接····················································································31 6.轴的受力分析···········································································31 7.校核轴的强度···········································································32 8.校核键连接的强度·····································································33
十、减速器箱体的结构尺寸··························································33
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十一、润滑油的选择与计算························································34 十二、装配图和零件图································································35
致谢·······························································································36 参考文献························································································37
5
一、设计任务书
一、设计题目：设计同轴式两级圆柱齿轮减速器
设计热处理车间零件清洗用传送设备。该传送设备的传动系统由电动机—减速器—运输带组成。每日二班制工作，工作期限为10年。运输带允许最大误差为 5%。
二、原始数据：
三、设计内容和要求：
1. 编写设计计算说明书一份，其内容通常包括下列几个方面： （1）传动系统方案的分析和拟定以及减速器类型的选择； （2）电动机的选择与传动装置运动和动力参数的计算； （3）传动零件的设计计算； （4）轴的设计计算；
（5）轴承及其组合部件设计；
（6）键联接和联轴器的选择及校核； （7）减速器箱体，润滑及附件的设计； （8）装配图和零件图的设计； （9）校核；
（10）轴承寿命校核； （11）设计小结； （12）参考文献； （13）致谢。
2. 要求每个学生完成以下工作：
（1）减速器装配图一张（0号或一号图纸） （2）零件工作图二张（输出轴及该轴上的齿轮），图号自定，比例1︰1。 （3）设计计算说明书一份。
二、传动方案的拟定
运动简图如下：
6
图示：１为电动机，２及６为联轴器，３为减速器，４为高速级齿轮传动，５为低速级齿轮传动，７为输送机滚筒。
辅助件有:观察孔盖,油标和油尺,放油螺塞,通气孔,吊环螺钉,吊耳和吊钩,定位销,启盖螺钉,轴承套,密封圈等.。
三、电动机的选择
电动机的选择见表1
7
四、传动比的计算及分配
传动比的计算及分配见表2
五、传动装置运动、动力参数的计算
传动装置运动、动力参数的计算见表3 8
六、传动件的设计计算
一、减速器外传动件的设计
减速器外传动只有带传动，故只需对待传动进行设计。带传动的设计计算见表4
9
10
二、减速器内传动的设计计算
二、低速级斜齿圆柱齿轮的设计计算 低速级斜齿圆柱齿轮的设计计算见表6
七、齿轮上作用力的计算
齿轮上作用力的计算为后续轴的设计和校核、键的选择和验算及轴承的选择和校核提供数据，其计算过程见表6
八、 减速器转配草图的设计
一、合理布置图面
该减速器的装配图一张A0或A1图纸上，本文选择A0图纸绘制装配图。根据图纸幅面大小与减速器两级齿轮传动的中心距，绘图比例定位1：1，采用三视图表达装配的结构。
二、绘出齿轮的轮廓尺寸
在俯视图上绘出两级齿轮传动的轮廓尺寸
21
三、箱体内壁
在齿轮齿廓的基础上绘出箱体的内壁、轴承端面、轴承座端面线
九、轴的设计计算
轴的设计和计算、轴上齿轮轮毂孔内径及宽度、滚动轴承的选择和校核、键的选择和验算与轴联接的半联轴器的选择同步进行。
一、高速轴的设计与计算
22
23
24
25
26
二、中间轴的设计与计算
27
28
29
30
三、低速轴的设计计算
低速轴的设计计算见表9
十、减速器箱体的结构尺寸
十一、润滑油的选择与计算
轴承选择ZN-3钠基润滑脂润滑。齿轮选择全损耗系统用油L-AN68润滑油润滑，润滑油深度为0.78dm，箱体底面尺寸为6.44dm*2.06dm，箱体内所装润滑油量为
33
V=6.44*2.06*0.78dm=10.35dm
该减速器所传递的功率P0=1.4kw。对于二级减速器，每传递1kw的功率，需油量为
3
V0=0.7～1.4dm，该减速器所需油量为
33
V1=P0V0=1.4*（0.7～1.4)dm=0.98～1.96dm V1中的取值范围，可以满足V的取值，润滑油量满足要求。 轴承采用油润滑，齿轮飞溅到上箱壁的润滑油进入箱体分界面的导油沟，导入到轴承座中对轴承完成润滑。
十二、装配图和零件图
一、附件设计与选择
1.检查孔集检查孔盖
检查孔尺寸为200mm*146mm，位置在中间轴的上方；检查孔盖尺寸为270*182mm。 2.油面指示装置
选用油标尺M16，由表8-40可查相关尺寸。 3.通气器
选用提手式通气器，由图8-21可查相关尺寸。 4.放油孔及螺塞
设置一个放油孔。螺塞选用六角螺塞M16⨯1.5JB/T1700—2008，螺塞垫24⨯16JB/T1718—2008，由表8-41和8-42可查相关尺寸。. 5.起吊装置
上箱盖采用吊环，箱座上采用吊钩，由表8-43可查相关尺寸。 6.起箱螺钉
起箱螺钉查表8-29，选取螺钉GB/T5781—2000M10⨯25。 7.定位销
定位销查表8-44，取销GB/T117—2000 5⨯35两个。
二、绘制装配图和零件图
选择与计算其他附件后，所完成的装配图如图1所示。减速器输出轴及输出轴上的齿轮零件图如图2和图3所示。
致谢
参考文献
1、赵波主编等 . 液压与气动技术 .北京：机
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