现在分词与动名词
1. 动名词由动词原形加-ing 构成,它具有双重性,既有动词性质——与宾语和状语组成动名词短语,有时态,语态变化;又起名词作用。动名词可以做主语,表语,宾语,定语。
I ’m considering accepting your offer. (动词性质 宾语)
Reading aloud is very important in learning a language. (名词性质 主语) One of his duties is attending meetings. (表语)
a diving board 跳水板 the freezing point
2. 现在分词可以构成进行时。有动词性质,可以自带宾语,状语并可以有自己的逻辑主语,有时态语态变化。现在分词也可起副词和形容词的作用,作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。
3. 动名词与现在分词的区别
动名词表达的动作意义不如现在分词强,因为动名词已经将动作名词化了,不再强调动作本身,它已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了。
1) 作定语时的区别:
a. 现分表示其所修饰名词的动作,与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系,动名词则表示其修饰名词的性质,无主谓关系
a sleeping baby a reading room
b. 现分作定语时,其前可以有副词,形容词或名词;动名词作定语时,其前可以有形容词,但不是修饰动名词,而是修饰“动名词+名词”结构
a hard-working student a big waiting room
2) 作表语时的区别
现分作表语保持它形容词特性,表示主语的性质,可以看做形容词,可用very, so
much 等修饰,不能和主语互换位置。动名词作表语时保持它的名词性质,可以和主语互换位置。
The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring. (现分)
One of the best exercises is swimming . (动名词)
3) 作状语时的区别
现分具有副词特征,可以直接作状语表伴随,原因,条件,时间,让步和结果等。
All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new teacher to come. Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful.
如果现分作状语时,句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语,可以带自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。也可用在with 的复合结构中。
Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.
With a guide leading the way, we found the village easily.
动名词不具副词特征,不能单独作状语,只有与介词结合时才能作状语。 He went there with the object of winning her favour.
Jim was praised for having broken a record.
4) 选择用副词或形容词修饰现分和动名词时的区别
它们都是动词的-ing 形式,都可用副词修饰。
Reading a novel intently, I didn’t realize he came in. (现分)
My dream is speaking English perfectly. (动名词)
但因动名词有名词的特点,所以可以像名词一样用物主代词,形容词修饰。 Would you mind my sitting here?
The mellow singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.
现在分词与动名词
1. 动名词由动词原形加-ing 构成,它具有双重性,既有动词性质——与宾语和状语组成动名词短语,有时态,语态变化;又起名词作用。动名词可以做主语,表语,宾语,定语。
I ’m considering accepting your offer. (动词性质 宾语)
Reading aloud is very important in learning a language. (名词性质 主语) One of his duties is attending meetings. (表语)
a diving board 跳水板 the freezing point
2. 现在分词可以构成进行时。有动词性质,可以自带宾语,状语并可以有自己的逻辑主语,有时态语态变化。现在分词也可起副词和形容词的作用,作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。
3. 动名词与现在分词的区别
动名词表达的动作意义不如现在分词强,因为动名词已经将动作名词化了,不再强调动作本身,它已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了。
1) 作定语时的区别:
a. 现分表示其所修饰名词的动作,与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系,动名词则表示其修饰名词的性质,无主谓关系
a sleeping baby a reading room
b. 现分作定语时,其前可以有副词,形容词或名词;动名词作定语时,其前可以有形容词,但不是修饰动名词,而是修饰“动名词+名词”结构
a hard-working student a big waiting room
2) 作表语时的区别
现分作表语保持它形容词特性,表示主语的性质,可以看做形容词,可用very, so
much 等修饰,不能和主语互换位置。动名词作表语时保持它的名词性质,可以和主语互换位置。
The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring. (现分)
One of the best exercises is swimming . (动名词)
3) 作状语时的区别
现分具有副词特征,可以直接作状语表伴随,原因,条件,时间,让步和结果等。
All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new teacher to come. Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful.
如果现分作状语时,句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语,可以带自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。也可用在with 的复合结构中。
Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.
With a guide leading the way, we found the village easily.
动名词不具副词特征,不能单独作状语,只有与介词结合时才能作状语。 He went there with the object of winning her favour.
Jim was praised for having broken a record.
4) 选择用副词或形容词修饰现分和动名词时的区别
它们都是动词的-ing 形式,都可用副词修饰。
Reading a novel intently, I didn’t realize he came in. (现分)
My dream is speaking English perfectly. (动名词)
但因动名词有名词的特点,所以可以像名词一样用物主代词,形容词修饰。 Would you mind my sitting here?
The mellow singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.