国际贸易
出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping 外汇倾销 exchange
dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse 贸易顺差 favorable
balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade 国际贸易值 value of international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇 most-favored nation
treatment-MFNT
-------------------价格条件----------------------
价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价 price 码头费wharfage 总值 total value 卸货费landing charges 金额 amount 关税customs duty 净价 net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣return commission 装运港portof
shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price prevailingprice 国际市场价格 world (International)Marketprice 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight --------------------交货条件----------------------
交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S) 装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery 定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time
charter 托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor 收货人consignee 班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter 舱位shipping space 油轮tanker 报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt 提货to take delivery of goods 空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\L 选择港（任意港）optional port 选港费optional charges 选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account 一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January
shipment 一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st. 一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment 在......(时间）分两批装船
shipment during....in two lots 在......(时间）平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots 分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments 分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments 立即装运 immediate shipments 即期装运 prompt shipments 收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable。
---------------交易磋商、合同签订--------------
订单 indent 订货；订购 book; booking 电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer 递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm 还盘 counter offer 发盘（发价) offer 发实盘 offer firm 询盘（询价） inquiry;enquiry
---------------交易磋商、合同签订--------------
指示性价格 price indication 速复 reply immediately 参考价 reference price 习惯做法 usual practice 交易磋商 business negotiation 不受约束 without engagement 业务洽谈
business discussion 限**复 subject to reply ** 限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here ** 有效期限 time of validity 有效至**: valid till ** 购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同 sales contract 购货确认书 purchase confirmation 销售确认书 sales confirmation 一般交易条件 general terms and conditions 以未售出为准 subject to prior sale 需经卖方确认
subject to sellers confirmation 需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation
------------------贸易方式------------------------
INT (拍卖auction) 寄售consignment 招标invitation of tender 投标submission of tender 一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent 代理协议agency agreement 累计佣金accumulative commission 补偿贸易compensation trade （或抵偿贸易）
compensating/compensatory trade （又叫：往返贸易） counter trade 来料加工processing on giving materials 来料装配assembling on provided parts 独家经营/专营权exclusive right 独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement 独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency; exclusive agent
-------------------品质条件-----------------------
品质 quality 原样 original sample 规格 specifications 复样 duplicate sample 说明 description 对等样品 countersample 标准 standard type 参考样品 reference sample 商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample 宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance 货号 article No. 花色（搭配） assortment 样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus 代表性样品 representative sample 大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality --------------------商检仲裁-----------------------
索赔 claim 争议disputes 罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration 不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal 产地证明书certificate of origin 品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity 重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity) **商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B) 品质、重量检验证书 inspection certificate
---------------------数量条件-----------------------
个数 number 净重 net weight 容积 capacity 毛作净 gross for net 体积 volume 皮重 tare 毛重 gross weight 溢短装条款 more or less clause
-----------------------外 汇-------------------------
外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值 devaluation 外币 foreign currency 法定升值
revaluation 汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate 国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货 hard currency 直接标价 direct quotation 软通货 soft currency 间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价 gold standard 买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀 inflation 卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率 fixed rate 金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points 铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system 国际货币基金 international monetary fund 黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve 汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuation
国际贸易付款方式
1.revocable L/C/irrevocable L/C可撤销信用证/不可撤销信用证
2.confirmed L/C/unconfirmed L/C 保兑信用证/不保兑信用证
3.sight L/C/usance L/C 即期信用证/远期信用证
4.transferable L/C(or)assignable L/C(or)transmissible L/C /untransferable L/C 可转让信用证/不可转让信用证
5.divisible L/C/undivisible L/C 可分割信用证/不可分割信用证
6.revolving L/C 循环信用证
7.L/C with T/T reimbursement clause 带电汇条款信用证
8.without recourse L/C/with recourse L/C 无追索权信用证/有追索权信用证
9.documentary L/C/clean L/C 跟单信用证/光票信用证
10.deferred payment L/C/anticipatory L/C延付信用证/预支信用证
11.back to back L/Creciprocal L/C对背信用证/对开信用证
12.traveller's L/C(or:circular L/C)旅行信用证
Selling Agent 销售代理
According to the power the principal has delegated to a selling agent, the agent may just introduce the potential customer to the principal or actually negotiate and conclude the contract between the two parties. The have the following characteristics:
a) An agent can only operate within the marketing territory authorized by the principal.
b) An agent does not carry stock. The goods are carried only as consignment inventory. Payment is based on delivery to the ultimate buyer.
c) The principal (exporter) set the retail price, retains title and controls the goods.
d) The profit and risk of loss remains within the principal, unless the agent is a del credere one. e) Agents are usually paid with commission.
按照委托人所授予其代理人的权利，销售代理可能只负责向委托人介绍潜在客户或者实际谈判并签订双方间的合同。代理人有以下几个特点：
a)代理人只能在委托人所授权的代理区域内执行代理业务。
b)代理人本身不储存货物。代理人手中的货物均为代销的货物，待最终的买主付款后，委托人才能收到货款。
c)委托人（出口商）决定货物的零售价格，拥有所有权并控制货物。
d)委托人既享有利润有承担亏损风险，除非代理人为保付代理。
e)代理人的报酬通常为佣金。
商品品质描述
商品品质决定交易本质上的价值，因此它是最重要的交易因素之一。
贸易上的品质决定方法有：凭样品买卖，凭标准买卖，凭规格买卖等。下面我们来看看品质的表达发。
[品质优良]：quality is excellent/ superior/ very good/ fine/ best/ high/ wonderful/ supreme/ attractive
[品质低劣]：quality is bad/ inferior/ not good/ poor/ imperfect/ defective/ faulty/ second-rate/ lower/ unsatisfactory
[品质保证]：retain the good quality; keep up to the standard quality; obtain a good quality; attain the best quality; secure an excellent quality
[物品以达标准品质]：An article is up to the standard quality; An article is of the same quality as the standard; An article is equal to the standard quality; An article is the same as the standard quality
[物品在标准以下]：An article is below the standard
[物品在标准以上]：An article is above the standard
[物品和样品一致]：An article is up to the sample; An article corresponds with the sample; An article is equal to the sample.
-average quality 标准品质
We would like to buy 500 tons of average quality corn.
-customary quality 一般品质
The quality of the goods shipped is customary quality.
-best quality, prime quality, first-rate quality 最佳品质
The goods supplied shall only be those of best quality.
-quality inspection certificate 品质检验证书
Please be sure to attach a quality inspection certificate.
-difference in quality 品质上的差异
There is a big difference in quality between the trial order and the order of this time.
-guarantee of quality 品质保证
We request a guarantee of quality for a period of one year on all the goods you sell.
-sacrifice quality 降低品质
If you sacrifice the quality and deliver goods of imperfect quality to us, well will refuse acceptance of them.
市场行情描述
市况上扬': The market advances.
The market gains.
The market rises.
'市况下挫': The market declines.
The market falls.
The market loses.
'市况活跃': The market booms.
The market is excited.
The market becomes active.
The market becomes brisk.
'市况暴跌停滞': The market slumps.
The market becomes dull.
The market breaks down.
'市况走势上扬，市况攀升走高': The market is on the up grade.
The market is on an upward trend.
The market tends upward.
'市况走势下跌，市况下划走低': The market is on the down grade.
The market tends downward.
The market is on a downward trend.
The market takes downward.
'市况狂跌': The market declines.
The market drops.
The market sags.
'市况暴涨': The market jumps.
The market advances.
The market soars.
市场行情百态
[动词]上扬情况：The market improves (好转) / picks up (扬升) / hardens (转趋坚俏) / stiffens (坚挺) / revives (复苏) / rebounds (反弹) / regains (恢复) / rallies (重振) .
下跌趋势：The market collapses (崩溃) / relaxes (疲软) .
行情波动：The market fluctuates (波动).
[形容词]上扬情况：The market is strong (强劲) / firm (坚稳) / exciting (活跃) / advanci
贸易价格术语
trade term / price term 价格术语
world / international market price 国际市场价格
FOB (free on board) 离岸价
C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价
CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价
freight 运费
wharfage 码头费
landing charges 卸货费
customs duty 关税
port dues 港口税
import surcharge 进口附加税
import variable duties 进口差价税
commission 佣金
return commission 回佣，回扣
price including commission 含佣价
net price 净价
wholesale price 批发价
discount / allowance 折扣
retail price 零售价
spot price 现货价格
current price 现行价格 / 时价
indicative price 参考价格
customs valuation 海关估价
price list 价目表
total value 总值
贸易保险术语
All Risks 一切险
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险
War Risk 战争险
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险
Risk of Leakage 渗漏险
Risk of Odor 串味险
Risk of Rust 锈蚀险
Shortage Risk 短缺险
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险
Strikes Risk 罢工险
贸易机构词汇
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织
CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定
[国际贸易] 英语学习-英语口语
100句ENGLISH口语..
100句流行语 让你成为沟通高手
1． How are you doing?（你好吗？）
2． I'm doing great.（我过得很好。）
3． What's up?（出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了？）
4． Nothing special.（没什么特别的。）
5． Hi. Long time no see.（嗨，好久不见了。）
6． So far so good.（到目前为止，一切都好。）
7． Things couldn't be better.（一切顺利。）
8． How about yourself?（你自己呢？）
9． Today is a great day.（今天是个好日子。）
10． Are you ****** progress?（有进展吗？）
11． May I have your name, please?（请问尊姓大名？）
12． I've heard so much about you.（久仰大名。）
13． I hope you're enjoying your staying here.（希望你在这里过得愉快。）
14． Let's get together again.（改天再聚聚。）
15． That's a great idea!（好主意！）
16． Please say hello to your mother for me.（请代我向你母亲问好。）
17． I'm glad to have met you.（很高兴遇到你。）
18． Don't forget us.（别忘了我们。）
19． Keep in touch.（保持联系。）
20． I had a wonderful time here.（我在这里度过了难忘的时光。）
21． Have a nice weekend.（周末愉快。）
22． Same to you.（彼此彼此。）
23． Nice talking to you.（很高兴与你聊天。）
24． Take care of yourself.（自己当心/照顾好你自己。）
25． Thank you for everything.（谢谢你的多方关照/你为我所做的一切。）
26． Thank you all for coming.（谢谢光临。）
27． I appreciate your help.（我感谢你的帮助。）
28． You're always welcome.（别客气/不用谢）
29． Forget it.（算了吧）
30． It was my pleasure.（不用谢。）
31． I made a mistake.（我弄错了。）
32． I'm terribly sorry.（实在抱歉。）
33． I must apologize!（我必须道歉！）
34． I feel terrible.（我感觉糟透了。）
35． It's not you* **ult. （那不是你的错。）
36． Sorry to bother /have bothered you.（抱歉，打扰一下/打扰你了。）
37． What do you do?（你做什么工作？）
38． How do you like your new job?（你觉得你的新工作怎样？）
39． I like it a lot.（我很喜欢。）
40． I like reading and listening to music.（我喜欢阅读和欣赏***。）
41． What's wrong?（怎么回事？）
42． What happened?（发生什么事了？）
43． I hope nothing is wrong.（我希望一切顺利。）
44． I know how you feel.（我知道你的感受。）
45． Sorry to hear that.（听到这个消息我很难受。）
46． Come on, you can do that.（来吧，你能做到的。）
47． Use your head.（动动脑筋。）
48． You did a great job.（你赶得很好。）
49． That's very nice of you.（你真好。）
50． I'm very proud of you.（我为你感到自豪。）
51． I like your style.（我喜欢你的风格。）
52． I love you guys.（我爱你们。）
53． How do I look?（我看起来怎么样？）
54． You look great!（你看上去棒极了！）
55． That's fantastic!（那真是棒极了！）
56． That's really something.（那真是了不起！）
57． It's a pleasure working with you.（与您合作很愉快。）
58． Congratulations on you success.（祝贺你的成功。）
59． I'd like to propose a toast.（我提议干杯！）
60． Are you married or single?（你结婚了吗？）
61． I've been dying to see you.（我非常想见到你。）
62． I'm crazy about you.（我为你疯狂/痴迷/神魂颠倒。）
63． I love you with all my heart.（我全心全意爱你！）
64． You're everything to me.（你是我的一切！）
65． You're in love!（你恋爱了！）
66． I'm tired of working all day.（整日工作使我厌烦。）
67． You work too much.（你做得太多了。）
68． Money will come and go.（钱乃身外之物。）
69． Are you crazy?（你疯了吗？）
70． Have you got it?（明白了吗？）
71． I've got it.（我懂了。）
72． I can't afford that.（我承担/买不起。）
73． I did it, I'm so happy now.（我做到了，现在我很满意。）
74． I don't care.（不关我的事/我不管。）
75． I don't think so.（我不这么想/我看不会/不行/不用。）
76． I guess so.（我想是吧。）
77． I have no other choice.（我别无选择。）
78． I will do my best!（我会尽力的！）
79． I mean it.（我是认真的。）
80． I'm so scared.（我怕极了。）
81． It's hard to say.（难说。）
82． It's a long story.（说来话长/一言难尽。）
83． It's a small world.（世界真小。）
84． It's against the law!（那是违法的！）
85． It's a good opportunity!（好机会！）
86． It's dangerous!（危险！）
87． May I help you?（我能帮忙吗？）
88． No doubt about it.（毫无疑问。）
89． That's bull****!（废话！）
90． Think it over.（仔细考虑一下。）
91． Time will tell.（时间会证明的。）
92． What a surprise!（太令人惊讶了！）
93． Whatever you say!（随便你！）
94． You are the boss!（听你的！你说了算！）
95． You have my word!（我保证！）
96． Tough job, tough day, tough world. Life is not always sweet. That's life!
（艰苦的工作，艰难的日子，不幸的世界。生活并不总是甜蜜的。这就是生活！）
97． I need some sleep.（我需要睡眠。）
98． Take it easy.（别紧张。）
99． Just relax.（放松一下。）
100． Zip your fly!（闭嘴！）
国际贸易的价格表示方法，除了具体金额外，还要包括贸易术语，交货地点及所使用的货币。 如 USD150 FOB Hongkong, STG2000 CIF Liverpool, 其中USD指的是以美金作价，而STG为英镑；Hongkong香港 和Liverpool利物浦为交货地点；FOB 与 CIF 则为 两个较为常用的贸易术语。
以下是国际商会出版的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》中规定的全部贸易术语的分类。 第一组：E组 （卖方在其所在地点把货物交给买方）
Ex Works (named place) 工厂交货（指定地点）
第二组：F组 （卖方须将货物交至买方指定的承运人）
FCA: Free Carrier (named place) 货交承运人（指定地点）
FAS: Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
船边交货（指定装运港）
FOB: Free On Board (named port of shipment)
船上交货（指定装运港）
第三组：C组 （卖方必须签定运输合同，但对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后发生事件所产生的额外费用不承担责任）
CFR: Cost & Freight (named port of destination)
成本加运费（指定目的港）
CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)
成本，保险加运费（指定目的港）
CPT: Carriage Paid To (named place of destination)
运费付至（指定目的地）
CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To
(named place of estination)
运费保险费付至（指定目的地）
第四组：D组 （卖方必须承担把货物交至目的地国家所需的全部费用和风险）
DAF: Delivered at Frontier (named place) 边境交货（指定地点）
DES: Delivered ex Ship (named port of destination)
船上交货（指定目的港）
DEQ: Delivered ex Quay (named place of destination)
码头交货（指定目的地）
DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid (named place of destination)
未完税交货（指定目的地）
DDP: Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination)
完税后交货（指定目的地）
国际贸易
出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping 外汇倾销 exchange
dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse 贸易顺差 favorable
balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade 国际贸易值 value of international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇 most-favored nation
treatment-MFNT
-------------------价格条件----------------------
价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价 price 码头费wharfage 总值 total value 卸货费landing charges 金额 amount 关税customs duty 净价 net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣return commission 装运港portof
shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price prevailingprice 国际市场价格 world (International)Marketprice 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight --------------------交货条件----------------------
交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S) 装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery 定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time
charter 托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor 收货人consignee 班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter 舱位shipping space 油轮tanker 报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt 提货to take delivery of goods 空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\L 选择港（任意港）optional port 选港费optional charges 选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account 一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January
shipment 一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st. 一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment 在......(时间）分两批装船
shipment during....in two lots 在......(时间）平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots 分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments 分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments 立即装运 immediate shipments 即期装运 prompt shipments 收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable。
---------------交易磋商、合同签订--------------
订单 indent 订货；订购 book; booking 电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer 递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm 还盘 counter offer 发盘（发价) offer 发实盘 offer firm 询盘（询价） inquiry;enquiry
---------------交易磋商、合同签订--------------
指示性价格 price indication 速复 reply immediately 参考价 reference price 习惯做法 usual practice 交易磋商 business negotiation 不受约束 without engagement 业务洽谈
business discussion 限**复 subject to reply ** 限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here ** 有效期限 time of validity 有效至**: valid till ** 购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同 sales contract 购货确认书 purchase confirmation 销售确认书 sales confirmation 一般交易条件 general terms and conditions 以未售出为准 subject to prior sale 需经卖方确认
subject to sellers confirmation 需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation
------------------贸易方式------------------------
INT (拍卖auction) 寄售consignment 招标invitation of tender 投标submission of tender 一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent 代理协议agency agreement 累计佣金accumulative commission 补偿贸易compensation trade （或抵偿贸易）
compensating/compensatory trade （又叫：往返贸易） counter trade 来料加工processing on giving materials 来料装配assembling on provided parts 独家经营/专营权exclusive right 独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement 独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency; exclusive agent
-------------------品质条件-----------------------
品质 quality 原样 original sample 规格 specifications 复样 duplicate sample 说明 description 对等样品 countersample 标准 standard type 参考样品 reference sample 商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample 宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance 货号 article No. 花色（搭配） assortment 样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus 代表性样品 representative sample 大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality --------------------商检仲裁-----------------------
索赔 claim 争议disputes 罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration 不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal 产地证明书certificate of origin 品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity 重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity) **商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B) 品质、重量检验证书 inspection certificate
---------------------数量条件-----------------------
个数 number 净重 net weight 容积 capacity 毛作净 gross for net 体积 volume 皮重 tare 毛重 gross weight 溢短装条款 more or less clause
-----------------------外 汇-------------------------
外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值 devaluation 外币 foreign currency 法定升值
revaluation 汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate 国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货 hard currency 直接标价 direct quotation 软通货 soft currency 间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价 gold standard 买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀 inflation 卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率 fixed rate 金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points 铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system 国际货币基金 international monetary fund 黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve 汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuation
国际贸易付款方式
1.revocable L/C/irrevocable L/C可撤销信用证/不可撤销信用证
2.confirmed L/C/unconfirmed L/C 保兑信用证/不保兑信用证
3.sight L/C/usance L/C 即期信用证/远期信用证
4.transferable L/C(or)assignable L/C(or)transmissible L/C /untransferable L/C 可转让信用证/不可转让信用证
5.divisible L/C/undivisible L/C 可分割信用证/不可分割信用证
6.revolving L/C 循环信用证
7.L/C with T/T reimbursement clause 带电汇条款信用证
8.without recourse L/C/with recourse L/C 无追索权信用证/有追索权信用证
9.documentary L/C/clean L/C 跟单信用证/光票信用证
10.deferred payment L/C/anticipatory L/C延付信用证/预支信用证
11.back to back L/Creciprocal L/C对背信用证/对开信用证
12.traveller's L/C(or:circular L/C)旅行信用证
Selling Agent 销售代理
According to the power the principal has delegated to a selling agent, the agent may just introduce the potential customer to the principal or actually negotiate and conclude the contract between the two parties. The have the following characteristics:
a) An agent can only operate within the marketing territory authorized by the principal.
b) An agent does not carry stock. The goods are carried only as consignment inventory. Payment is based on delivery to the ultimate buyer.
c) The principal (exporter) set the retail price, retains title and controls the goods.
d) The profit and risk of loss remains within the principal, unless the agent is a del credere one. e) Agents are usually paid with commission.
按照委托人所授予其代理人的权利，销售代理可能只负责向委托人介绍潜在客户或者实际谈判并签订双方间的合同。代理人有以下几个特点：
a)代理人只能在委托人所授权的代理区域内执行代理业务。
b)代理人本身不储存货物。代理人手中的货物均为代销的货物，待最终的买主付款后，委托人才能收到货款。
c)委托人（出口商）决定货物的零售价格，拥有所有权并控制货物。
d)委托人既享有利润有承担亏损风险，除非代理人为保付代理。
e)代理人的报酬通常为佣金。
商品品质描述
商品品质决定交易本质上的价值，因此它是最重要的交易因素之一。
贸易上的品质决定方法有：凭样品买卖，凭标准买卖，凭规格买卖等。下面我们来看看品质的表达发。
[品质优良]：quality is excellent/ superior/ very good/ fine/ best/ high/ wonderful/ supreme/ attractive
[品质低劣]：quality is bad/ inferior/ not good/ poor/ imperfect/ defective/ faulty/ second-rate/ lower/ unsatisfactory
[品质保证]：retain the good quality; keep up to the standard quality; obtain a good quality; attain the best quality; secure an excellent quality
[物品以达标准品质]：An article is up to the standard quality; An article is of the same quality as the standard; An article is equal to the standard quality; An article is the same as the standard quality
[物品在标准以下]：An article is below the standard
[物品在标准以上]：An article is above the standard
[物品和样品一致]：An article is up to the sample; An article corresponds with the sample; An article is equal to the sample.
-average quality 标准品质
We would like to buy 500 tons of average quality corn.
-customary quality 一般品质
The quality of the goods shipped is customary quality.
-best quality, prime quality, first-rate quality 最佳品质
The goods supplied shall only be those of best quality.
-quality inspection certificate 品质检验证书
Please be sure to attach a quality inspection certificate.
-difference in quality 品质上的差异
There is a big difference in quality between the trial order and the order of this time.
-guarantee of quality 品质保证
We request a guarantee of quality for a period of one year on all the goods you sell.
-sacrifice quality 降低品质
If you sacrifice the quality and deliver goods of imperfect quality to us, well will refuse acceptance of them.
市场行情描述
市况上扬': The market advances.
The market gains.
The market rises.
'市况下挫': The market declines.
The market falls.
The market loses.
'市况活跃': The market booms.
The market is excited.
The market becomes active.
The market becomes brisk.
'市况暴跌停滞': The market slumps.
The market becomes dull.
The market breaks down.
'市况走势上扬，市况攀升走高': The market is on the up grade.
The market is on an upward trend.
The market tends upward.
'市况走势下跌，市况下划走低': The market is on the down grade.
The market tends downward.
The market is on a downward trend.
The market takes downward.
'市况狂跌': The market declines.
The market drops.
The market sags.
'市况暴涨': The market jumps.
The market advances.
The market soars.
市场行情百态
[动词]上扬情况：The market improves (好转) / picks up (扬升) / hardens (转趋坚俏) / stiffens (坚挺) / revives (复苏) / rebounds (反弹) / regains (恢复) / rallies (重振) .
下跌趋势：The market collapses (崩溃) / relaxes (疲软) .
行情波动：The market fluctuates (波动).
[形容词]上扬情况：The market is strong (强劲) / firm (坚稳) / exciting (活跃) / advanci
贸易价格术语
trade term / price term 价格术语
world / international market price 国际市场价格
FOB (free on board) 离岸价
C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价
CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价
freight 运费
wharfage 码头费
landing charges 卸货费
customs duty 关税
port dues 港口税
import surcharge 进口附加税
import variable duties 进口差价税
commission 佣金
return commission 回佣，回扣
price including commission 含佣价
net price 净价
wholesale price 批发价
discount / allowance 折扣
retail price 零售价
spot price 现货价格
current price 现行价格 / 时价
indicative price 参考价格
customs valuation 海关估价
price list 价目表
total value 总值
贸易保险术语
All Risks 一切险
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险
War Risk 战争险
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险
Risk of Leakage 渗漏险
Risk of Odor 串味险
Risk of Rust 锈蚀险
Shortage Risk 短缺险
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险
Strikes Risk 罢工险
贸易机构词汇
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织
CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定
[国际贸易] 英语学习-英语口语
100句ENGLISH口语..
100句流行语 让你成为沟通高手
1． How are you doing?（你好吗？）
2． I'm doing great.（我过得很好。）
3． What's up?（出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了？）
4． Nothing special.（没什么特别的。）
5． Hi. Long time no see.（嗨，好久不见了。）
6． So far so good.（到目前为止，一切都好。）
7． Things couldn't be better.（一切顺利。）
8． How about yourself?（你自己呢？）
9． Today is a great day.（今天是个好日子。）
10． Are you ****** progress?（有进展吗？）
11． May I have your name, please?（请问尊姓大名？）
12． I've heard so much about you.（久仰大名。）
13． I hope you're enjoying your staying here.（希望你在这里过得愉快。）
14． Let's get together again.（改天再聚聚。）
15． That's a great idea!（好主意！）
16． Please say hello to your mother for me.（请代我向你母亲问好。）
17． I'm glad to have met you.（很高兴遇到你。）
18． Don't forget us.（别忘了我们。）
19． Keep in touch.（保持联系。）
20． I had a wonderful time here.（我在这里度过了难忘的时光。）
21． Have a nice weekend.（周末愉快。）
22． Same to you.（彼此彼此。）
23． Nice talking to you.（很高兴与你聊天。）
24． Take care of yourself.（自己当心/照顾好你自己。）
25． Thank you for everything.（谢谢你的多方关照/你为我所做的一切。）
26． Thank you all for coming.（谢谢光临。）
27． I appreciate your help.（我感谢你的帮助。）
28． You're always welcome.（别客气/不用谢）
29． Forget it.（算了吧）
30． It was my pleasure.（不用谢。）
31． I made a mistake.（我弄错了。）
32． I'm terribly sorry.（实在抱歉。）
33． I must apologize!（我必须道歉！）
34． I feel terrible.（我感觉糟透了。）
35． It's not you* **ult. （那不是你的错。）
36． Sorry to bother /have bothered you.（抱歉，打扰一下/打扰你了。）
37． What do you do?（你做什么工作？）
38． How do you like your new job?（你觉得你的新工作怎样？）
39． I like it a lot.（我很喜欢。）
40． I like reading and listening to music.（我喜欢阅读和欣赏***。）
41． What's wrong?（怎么回事？）
42． What happened?（发生什么事了？）
43． I hope nothing is wrong.（我希望一切顺利。）
44． I know how you feel.（我知道你的感受。）
45． Sorry to hear that.（听到这个消息我很难受。）
46． Come on, you can do that.（来吧，你能做到的。）
47． Use your head.（动动脑筋。）
48． You did a great job.（你赶得很好。）
49． That's very nice of you.（你真好。）
50． I'm very proud of you.（我为你感到自豪。）
51． I like your style.（我喜欢你的风格。）
52． I love you guys.（我爱你们。）
53． How do I look?（我看起来怎么样？）
54． You look great!（你看上去棒极了！）
55． That's fantastic!（那真是棒极了！）
56． That's really something.（那真是了不起！）
57． It's a pleasure working with you.（与您合作很愉快。）
58． Congratulations on you success.（祝贺你的成功。）
59． I'd like to propose a toast.（我提议干杯！）
60． Are you married or single?（你结婚了吗？）
61． I've been dying to see you.（我非常想见到你。）
62． I'm crazy about you.（我为你疯狂/痴迷/神魂颠倒。）
63． I love you with all my heart.（我全心全意爱你！）
64． You're everything to me.（你是我的一切！）
65． You're in love!（你恋爱了！）
66． I'm tired of working all day.（整日工作使我厌烦。）
67． You work too much.（你做得太多了。）
68． Money will come and go.（钱乃身外之物。）
69． Are you crazy?（你疯了吗？）
70． Have you got it?（明白了吗？）
71． I've got it.（我懂了。）
72． I can't afford that.（我承担/买不起。）
73． I did it, I'm so happy now.（我做到了，现在我很满意。）
74． I don't care.（不关我的事/我不管。）
75． I don't think so.（我不这么想/我看不会/不行/不用。）
76． I guess so.（我想是吧。）
77． I have no other choice.（我别无选择。）
78． I will do my best!（我会尽力的！）
79． I mean it.（我是认真的。）
80． I'm so scared.（我怕极了。）
81． It's hard to say.（难说。）
82． It's a long story.（说来话长/一言难尽。）
83． It's a small world.（世界真小。）
84． It's against the law!（那是违法的！）
85． It's a good opportunity!（好机会！）
86． It's dangerous!（危险！）
87． May I help you?（我能帮忙吗？）
88． No doubt about it.（毫无疑问。）
89． That's bull****!（废话！）
90． Think it over.（仔细考虑一下。）
91． Time will tell.（时间会证明的。）
92． What a surprise!（太令人惊讶了！）
93． Whatever you say!（随便你！）
94． You are the boss!（听你的！你说了算！）
95． You have my word!（我保证！）
96． Tough job, tough day, tough world. Life is not always sweet. That's life!
（艰苦的工作，艰难的日子，不幸的世界。生活并不总是甜蜜的。这就是生活！）
97． I need some sleep.（我需要睡眠。）
98． Take it easy.（别紧张。）
99． Just relax.（放松一下。）
100． Zip your fly!（闭嘴！）
国际贸易的价格表示方法，除了具体金额外，还要包括贸易术语，交货地点及所使用的货币。 如 USD150 FOB Hongkong, STG2000 CIF Liverpool, 其中USD指的是以美金作价，而STG为英镑；Hongkong香港 和Liverpool利物浦为交货地点；FOB 与 CIF 则为 两个较为常用的贸易术语。
以下是国际商会出版的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》中规定的全部贸易术语的分类。 第一组：E组 （卖方在其所在地点把货物交给买方）
Ex Works (named place) 工厂交货（指定地点）
第二组：F组 （卖方须将货物交至买方指定的承运人）
FCA: Free Carrier (named place) 货交承运人（指定地点）
FAS: Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
船边交货（指定装运港）
FOB: Free On Board (named port of shipment)
船上交货（指定装运港）
第三组：C组 （卖方必须签定运输合同，但对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后发生事件所产生的额外费用不承担责任）
CFR: Cost & Freight (named port of destination)
成本加运费（指定目的港）
CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)
成本，保险加运费（指定目的港）
CPT: Carriage Paid To (named place of destination)
运费付至（指定目的地）
CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To
(named place of estination)
运费保险费付至（指定目的地）
第四组：D组 （卖方必须承担把货物交至目的地国家所需的全部费用和风险）
DAF: Delivered at Frontier (named place) 边境交货（指定地点）
DES: Delivered ex Ship (named port of destination)
船上交货（指定目的港）
DEQ: Delivered ex Quay (named place of destination)
码头交货（指定目的地）
DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid (named place of destination)
未完税交货（指定目的地）
DDP: Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination)
完税后交货（指定目的地）