ZYY制作
作文笔记整理
Issue 部分
一、Issue写作特点以及写作要点
(一)题干特点
1.显逻辑命题:所见即所得
(四)反证法
With A ____.
Without A, ______.
四、Issue写作要注意的细节问题
1. 往往一些绝对化的词汇是写作的切入点。
2. 注意逻辑联结词的使用,关联词的使用是否得当非常重要。关联词能够从表面体现你的文章的逻辑性是否强,
ZYY制作
实际上也可以有效地欺骗改作文的那个计算机。E-rator
①先后次序:previously 先前的 ; anteriorly? 早期的 ; originally 起初的 ; simultaneously 与此同时 ;
coinstantaneously ; eventually ; ultimately
②因果关系:duo to ; hens ; owing to ; in respect that ; in virtue of ; on account of ; resultantly 于是,结果是 ;
thereupon ; whereupon
③转折关系:yet ; but yet 强转折 ; whereas ; howbeit 强转折 ; nevertheless ; instead ; notwithstanding 但是,
然而 ; conversely 相反地
④递进关系:additionally ; withal 进一步说 ; ulteviorty? ; detailedly? ; minutely ; specifically
⑤类比关系:similarly ; approximatively? ; analogously ; likewise ; by the same token ; in like manner
⑥强调关系:undoubtedly ; determinately ; undeniably ; demonstrably ; ; ; authentically ;
without reservations
3. 语言上要注意的事情:
1)承上启下(过渡)段与段之间/段落内部——用信号词(见教材)
2)句式变换
①长短句结合(两长一短);
②否定形式的否定句→肯定形式的否定句
… not … → ③主动→被动(多用,体现客观性)
3)词汇多样性
8组宏观词汇:
①认为、思考:
Think — ’’s eyes
②重要的:
important —
证实了 ; demonstrate 阐明 ; illustrate 阐明 ; justify 证明 ;
说明、阐明 ; review 揭示了 ; imply ; exhibit 展示
— ignite ; stimulate ; spur ; motivate ; give rise to ; render
hard —
way
popular — pervasive ; prevalent ; rampant ; pressing ; urgent ; bumming
⑧分歧、一致性:
(dis)agreement ; debate ; controversy ; dispute ; consensus ; coherence ; consistency
其他:
现象、命题:issue ; event 事件 ; occurrence incident 事件的发生
热门、流行的:pervasive ; prevalent 普遍的 ; rampant (rampancy(n.)) 泛滥 ; urgent ; pressing 紧急的 ;
burning 迫切的
ZYY制作 争论、争议:controversy ; dispute n.争议 ; argument ; debate
建议、方法:scheme ; solution ; recipe ; approach
褒义词:effectual 有效的 ; valid ; efficacious 有效力的(>effectual) ; sound ; resultful 可行的,有效的 否定词:fail ; miss ; deny ; refuse ; decline ; reject ; lack (of) ; in ignorance of 在对…无知的状态中
半否定:seldom ; hardly ; rarely
4)语法错误尽量少(十个以内小错误不会影响拿5分)
5)标点(见教材)避免用“!”显得不理性
6)语言与证据:用好“小宝老师写作工具箱”黄书p198
五~十 详见讲义 ; 以下为笔记内容:
一、并列
(一)并列大量名词:n1,n2,n3,…,and nn.
—— A,B,C,…and other Xs…
——X(概念), such [T](范围) as A,B,C
… has to be ….
→ —— 描述事物的矛盾性&多面性)
—— a.1, a.2 + n. + that … (把一些修饰语放在中心词后面更地道)
Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normally continue at least
several quarters without giving any essential information.
(补押韵,有加分)
(三)并列副词性成分
—— ad.1 and ad.2
eg. We need to analyze the proposition comprehensively and sustematically.
ZYY制作 —— ad.1 + yet/but + ad.2
eg. The system runs simply yet effectively.
—— ad.1, ad.2, + prep. (通过这种形式对一个动作完成定性+定量的描述)
eg. 1. a conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully, systematically, and with the full consideration of
all possible …
2. He prepares his lecture carefully, systematically, and with the full consideration.
(四)并列动词,伴随结构
—— … v.1 … , v.2ing(ed) … , v.3ing(ed) … 表原因、伴随etc.
eg. An absent-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intensely nothing in advance?,
二、重复成分
(一)重复形容词(①强调;②拆分结构)
—— … adj. … , so adj. that / as to …
(二)重复名词(拆分结构)
—— … n. , n. that …
—— n. + 同位语结构解释
—— A, (B), C.
eg. NOS is special.
(介词结构插入)
“正正反补”辩证体系
补:()
一、开头段的设计
①引出话题背景,发起讨论;(必修)
②表明分析方法;(选修)
③概括原题结论以及结论隐含的前提与条件;(必修)
④指出命题复杂性;(必修)
⑤建立分析模型,构建论述层次;(选修)
ZYY制作 问句引发讨论背景?(表明分析方法)In response to this issue, need to analyze the proposition comprehensively from the dialectic the nature of the truth by critical analysis of concepts and hypotheses. ③The anther declares that 作者观点, however, it oversimplifies this issue. ④The final judgment it my point of view, should depend on a case-by-case analysis.⑤
二、正文段设计
(一)逻辑拓展方法与结构
TS主题句
.(以下
(程
debasing impact on ____; for the society, it may promote the tendency toward ___.
(六)正文4段——“补”的论述过程
To successfully curb such unfavorable blights, it is imperative for us to take several efficacious steps into
consideration in discourse. At the community level, we should appeal to the authority to work out relevant regulations to ___. At the personal level, we should cultivate and enhance people’s awareness that ____. At the financing level, ___ should pour more investment into ___. Consequently, it is such belief in a brighter future that gives us such inspiration and optimism.
ZYY制作
(七)结尾段设计
①重申立场;②概括主理由;③强调关键词
From the analyses made above, I strongly commit to the notion that we need to call for a balance between __ and __. Without A, ___. Without B, ___. In a word, this complex issue depends on .
题库中选题讲解
出题方式:Indirectly
黄书题号+20=网络通用题号
02. key W: competition VS. cooperation
逻辑架构:正正反补
论证架构:个体—整体—过渡—合作必要性
提纲:
A.(正)个体:竞争促进了适者生存(Adaptation)((upgrade)
1. Olympic Spirits;
2. 严格的教育选拔制度。
B.(正)社会:提高整个社会的效率。
1. 可口可乐VS.百事可乐
2. Raviv VS. DeBeers
C.
D.竞争中存在合作。
1998.5
the driving force of adaption and ultimately, evolution. Some social Darwinists claim also serves as a mechanism for determining the best suited group, politically,
On the negative side, competition can cause injury to the organisms involved, and drain valuable resources and
energy. Human competition can be expensive, as is the case with political elections, international sports competitions, and advertising wars. It can lead to the compromising of ethical standards in order to gain an advantage.
题库延伸:46,37,194
03. 短期:现在社会是否稳定,民众对现任政府支持率
ZYY制作 长期:发展
existing social problems VS. long-term research
论证架构:长期、短期、平衡
论证概念:科研机构面临的两难境地
长期基础研究 功利型研究
In a rapidly changing world shaped by globalization, research centers are confronted with a dilemma. They must
continue to carry out long-term fundamental research as they have always down, but they must at the same time conduct research activities that increase their relevance and importance to the civil society, especially those existing social problems.
提纲(论证 + 论据)
A. 长期研究的必要在于可持续发展的立足点
—— sustainable development → 负责于后代offspring
B. 当前迫在眉睫的问题解决也很重要,它关系到社会的稳定(stability —— 同时也关系到政府的支持率government’s approval rating
论据:Environmental Problems ; Aging Population ; Racism
《大讲堂》P358工具箱
《素材大全》56个社会问题
C.
supplement each other
因此,需要给予合理的协调coordination
论据:1. Nanameter Technology
2. ACAS 题库延伸:56
17. KW: obey just laws
disobey and resist 论证架构:定义 反 补
A. [定义
execution
subjective judgement)
the power of sauction)
— C. [补]laws should not be rigid or fixed, 他们应该是适度灵活的,考虑到时间地点。 (174
论据:Law Commission
题库延伸:
22. KW: individuals or small groups VS. society as a whole
论证架构:直接 间接 补(延伸)
提纲:
A. [让步,前半部分] 诚然,我们的思维被个人和小团体所直接影响。
—— 父母 → 启蒙老师 torchbearer
—— 老师 → 领路人guide
ZYY制作 —— 朋友 → 同路人 compeer-peer pressure and peer drive
1. Arther Lewis 1979年诺贝尔经济学家
B. [转折] 社会的间接影响
人既是相对独立的个体单元independence,又是有社会化的属性solialization.
1. Confucianism-Chinese People 世界对人们思维
C. [补]世界公民Cosmoplite
61. KW: high-profile awards ; few people
论证架构:铺垫信息 → 反 → 延伸内涵
A. 首先,人都有被认可,被尊重(Esteem)的需求,Masiow’推动自己……
论据:Oscar, Clio Award
B. 少数人获奖 → 资源的稀缺性scarcity才会刺激社会尊重的竞争现象机制的作用。
C. 题目中only a few 往往是已经知名的著名科学家 → 名的研究…
65. KW: differences VS. similarties
论证架构:Topic1
Topic2
T1 + T2
A.
1. 爱因斯坦&& → 差异的重要
B.
—— Analogy
1. contradiction。矛盾对立统一…
、198、238.
70. step down new leadership
A. 长期:→ 专制主义absolution;独裁政治 Autocracy;独裁者 Dictator
代表人物:西班牙Francism France 1892-1975
意大利 1883-1945
前苏联 1879-1953 stalin
B. 有规定期限:competition 竞争
1. Washington George 1732-1799 短期带来“民主、共和、自由”Democracy,Republic,Liberty
C. 五年较恰当:
周期过短会引发团队不稳定 instability-Doom Loop
ZYY制作
eg. Kmart
ZYY制作
作文笔记整理
Issue 部分
一、Issue写作特点以及写作要点
(一)题干特点
1.显逻辑命题:所见即所得
(四)反证法
With A ____.
Without A, ______.
四、Issue写作要注意的细节问题
1. 往往一些绝对化的词汇是写作的切入点。
2. 注意逻辑联结词的使用,关联词的使用是否得当非常重要。关联词能够从表面体现你的文章的逻辑性是否强,
ZYY制作
实际上也可以有效地欺骗改作文的那个计算机。E-rator
①先后次序:previously 先前的 ; anteriorly? 早期的 ; originally 起初的 ; simultaneously 与此同时 ;
coinstantaneously ; eventually ; ultimately
②因果关系:duo to ; hens ; owing to ; in respect that ; in virtue of ; on account of ; resultantly 于是,结果是 ;
thereupon ; whereupon
③转折关系:yet ; but yet 强转折 ; whereas ; howbeit 强转折 ; nevertheless ; instead ; notwithstanding 但是,
然而 ; conversely 相反地
④递进关系:additionally ; withal 进一步说 ; ulteviorty? ; detailedly? ; minutely ; specifically
⑤类比关系:similarly ; approximatively? ; analogously ; likewise ; by the same token ; in like manner
⑥强调关系:undoubtedly ; determinately ; undeniably ; demonstrably ; ; ; authentically ;
without reservations
3. 语言上要注意的事情:
1)承上启下(过渡)段与段之间/段落内部——用信号词(见教材)
2)句式变换
①长短句结合(两长一短);
②否定形式的否定句→肯定形式的否定句
… not … → ③主动→被动(多用,体现客观性)
3)词汇多样性
8组宏观词汇:
①认为、思考:
Think — ’’s eyes
②重要的:
important —
证实了 ; demonstrate 阐明 ; illustrate 阐明 ; justify 证明 ;
说明、阐明 ; review 揭示了 ; imply ; exhibit 展示
— ignite ; stimulate ; spur ; motivate ; give rise to ; render
hard —
way
popular — pervasive ; prevalent ; rampant ; pressing ; urgent ; bumming
⑧分歧、一致性:
(dis)agreement ; debate ; controversy ; dispute ; consensus ; coherence ; consistency
其他:
现象、命题:issue ; event 事件 ; occurrence incident 事件的发生
热门、流行的:pervasive ; prevalent 普遍的 ; rampant (rampancy(n.)) 泛滥 ; urgent ; pressing 紧急的 ;
burning 迫切的
ZYY制作 争论、争议:controversy ; dispute n.争议 ; argument ; debate
建议、方法:scheme ; solution ; recipe ; approach
褒义词:effectual 有效的 ; valid ; efficacious 有效力的(>effectual) ; sound ; resultful 可行的,有效的 否定词:fail ; miss ; deny ; refuse ; decline ; reject ; lack (of) ; in ignorance of 在对…无知的状态中
半否定:seldom ; hardly ; rarely
4)语法错误尽量少(十个以内小错误不会影响拿5分)
5)标点(见教材)避免用“!”显得不理性
6)语言与证据:用好“小宝老师写作工具箱”黄书p198
五~十 详见讲义 ; 以下为笔记内容:
一、并列
(一)并列大量名词:n1,n2,n3,…,and nn.
—— A,B,C,…and other Xs…
——X(概念), such [T](范围) as A,B,C
… has to be ….
→ —— 描述事物的矛盾性&多面性)
—— a.1, a.2 + n. + that … (把一些修饰语放在中心词后面更地道)
Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normally continue at least
several quarters without giving any essential information.
(补押韵,有加分)
(三)并列副词性成分
—— ad.1 and ad.2
eg. We need to analyze the proposition comprehensively and sustematically.
ZYY制作 —— ad.1 + yet/but + ad.2
eg. The system runs simply yet effectively.
—— ad.1, ad.2, + prep. (通过这种形式对一个动作完成定性+定量的描述)
eg. 1. a conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully, systematically, and with the full consideration of
all possible …
2. He prepares his lecture carefully, systematically, and with the full consideration.
(四)并列动词,伴随结构
—— … v.1 … , v.2ing(ed) … , v.3ing(ed) … 表原因、伴随etc.
eg. An absent-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intensely nothing in advance?,
二、重复成分
(一)重复形容词(①强调;②拆分结构)
—— … adj. … , so adj. that / as to …
(二)重复名词(拆分结构)
—— … n. , n. that …
—— n. + 同位语结构解释
—— A, (B), C.
eg. NOS is special.
(介词结构插入)
“正正反补”辩证体系
补:()
一、开头段的设计
①引出话题背景,发起讨论;(必修)
②表明分析方法;(选修)
③概括原题结论以及结论隐含的前提与条件;(必修)
④指出命题复杂性;(必修)
⑤建立分析模型,构建论述层次;(选修)
ZYY制作 问句引发讨论背景?(表明分析方法)In response to this issue, need to analyze the proposition comprehensively from the dialectic the nature of the truth by critical analysis of concepts and hypotheses. ③The anther declares that 作者观点, however, it oversimplifies this issue. ④The final judgment it my point of view, should depend on a case-by-case analysis.⑤
二、正文段设计
(一)逻辑拓展方法与结构
TS主题句
.(以下
(程
debasing impact on ____; for the society, it may promote the tendency toward ___.
(六)正文4段——“补”的论述过程
To successfully curb such unfavorable blights, it is imperative for us to take several efficacious steps into
consideration in discourse. At the community level, we should appeal to the authority to work out relevant regulations to ___. At the personal level, we should cultivate and enhance people’s awareness that ____. At the financing level, ___ should pour more investment into ___. Consequently, it is such belief in a brighter future that gives us such inspiration and optimism.
ZYY制作
(七)结尾段设计
①重申立场;②概括主理由;③强调关键词
From the analyses made above, I strongly commit to the notion that we need to call for a balance between __ and __. Without A, ___. Without B, ___. In a word, this complex issue depends on .
题库中选题讲解
出题方式:Indirectly
黄书题号+20=网络通用题号
02. key W: competition VS. cooperation
逻辑架构:正正反补
论证架构:个体—整体—过渡—合作必要性
提纲:
A.(正)个体:竞争促进了适者生存(Adaptation)((upgrade)
1. Olympic Spirits;
2. 严格的教育选拔制度。
B.(正)社会:提高整个社会的效率。
1. 可口可乐VS.百事可乐
2. Raviv VS. DeBeers
C.
D.竞争中存在合作。
1998.5
the driving force of adaption and ultimately, evolution. Some social Darwinists claim also serves as a mechanism for determining the best suited group, politically,
On the negative side, competition can cause injury to the organisms involved, and drain valuable resources and
energy. Human competition can be expensive, as is the case with political elections, international sports competitions, and advertising wars. It can lead to the compromising of ethical standards in order to gain an advantage.
题库延伸:46,37,194
03. 短期:现在社会是否稳定,民众对现任政府支持率
ZYY制作 长期:发展
existing social problems VS. long-term research
论证架构:长期、短期、平衡
论证概念:科研机构面临的两难境地
长期基础研究 功利型研究
In a rapidly changing world shaped by globalization, research centers are confronted with a dilemma. They must
continue to carry out long-term fundamental research as they have always down, but they must at the same time conduct research activities that increase their relevance and importance to the civil society, especially those existing social problems.
提纲(论证 + 论据)
A. 长期研究的必要在于可持续发展的立足点
—— sustainable development → 负责于后代offspring
B. 当前迫在眉睫的问题解决也很重要,它关系到社会的稳定(stability —— 同时也关系到政府的支持率government’s approval rating
论据:Environmental Problems ; Aging Population ; Racism
《大讲堂》P358工具箱
《素材大全》56个社会问题
C.
supplement each other
因此,需要给予合理的协调coordination
论据:1. Nanameter Technology
2. ACAS 题库延伸:56
17. KW: obey just laws
disobey and resist 论证架构:定义 反 补
A. [定义
execution
subjective judgement)
the power of sauction)
— C. [补]laws should not be rigid or fixed, 他们应该是适度灵活的,考虑到时间地点。 (174
论据:Law Commission
题库延伸:
22. KW: individuals or small groups VS. society as a whole
论证架构:直接 间接 补(延伸)
提纲:
A. [让步,前半部分] 诚然,我们的思维被个人和小团体所直接影响。
—— 父母 → 启蒙老师 torchbearer
—— 老师 → 领路人guide
ZYY制作 —— 朋友 → 同路人 compeer-peer pressure and peer drive
1. Arther Lewis 1979年诺贝尔经济学家
B. [转折] 社会的间接影响
人既是相对独立的个体单元independence,又是有社会化的属性solialization.
1. Confucianism-Chinese People 世界对人们思维
C. [补]世界公民Cosmoplite
61. KW: high-profile awards ; few people
论证架构:铺垫信息 → 反 → 延伸内涵
A. 首先,人都有被认可,被尊重(Esteem)的需求,Masiow’推动自己……
论据:Oscar, Clio Award
B. 少数人获奖 → 资源的稀缺性scarcity才会刺激社会尊重的竞争现象机制的作用。
C. 题目中only a few 往往是已经知名的著名科学家 → 名的研究…
65. KW: differences VS. similarties
论证架构:Topic1
Topic2
T1 + T2
A.
1. 爱因斯坦&& → 差异的重要
B.
—— Analogy
1. contradiction。矛盾对立统一…
、198、238.
70. step down new leadership
A. 长期:→ 专制主义absolution;独裁政治 Autocracy;独裁者 Dictator
代表人物:西班牙Francism France 1892-1975
意大利 1883-1945
前苏联 1879-1953 stalin
B. 有规定期限:competition 竞争
1. Washington George 1732-1799 短期带来“民主、共和、自由”Democracy,Republic,Liberty
C. 五年较恰当:
周期过短会引发团队不稳定 instability-Doom Loop
ZYY制作
eg. Kmart