中考复习八 情态动词及其被动语态

中考复习八 情态动词及其被动语态

撰稿:赵吉存 责编:郭素清

考试要求:

中考要求掌握. 情态动词在一般疑问句的问与答,理解情态动词表示猜测的用法及情态动词的被动语态应用。

知识总结:

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”,“应该”或“必要”等。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能独立作谓语动词,必须和动词原形连用(ought 除外)。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化。常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to, need, dare, shall(should), will(would)。

1. 情态动词can 和could 的主要用法

(1)表示能力,“能,会”。

Can you swim?

His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses. 注意:can 和be able to表示“能力”时的区别

a. can只有现在式和过去式两种形式,而be able to除了现在式和过去式,还有将来式和完成式等多种

形式。

She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon.

This is the information that I have been able to get so far.

b. can一般表示习惯的能力,而be able to表示特定的具体能力。

I could swim when I was very young.

He is able to swim across this river.

c. be able to的主语必须是人或动物,而can 没有这样的限制。

No one can / is able to do it.

The book can be finished in two days.

(2)表示“许可”,“允许”。can 和could 没有时态上的区别,could 比can 在语 气上更客气;在回答could 引导的一般疑问句时要用can 。

Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station?

Could I use your pen? Yes, of course you can.

(3)表示“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句。

We know that a computer can ’t think for itself.

Can she still be alive after all these years?

(4)表示否定推测,“不可能”。

The shy boy can ’t(couldn’t) be our monitor. (对现在情况的否定推测) The ground is dry. It can ’t have rained last night. (对过去情况的否定推测)

2. 情态动词may 和might 的主要用法

(1)表示许可,意为“可以”。

might 比may 语气上更客气,更委婉。在回答may 和might 引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may ,

否定回答要用mustn ’t 。

May/Might I go now? Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.

May/Might I have a talk with you?

(2)表示可能性,“可能”,might 的可能性比较小。

You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone.

He may/might be sick.

(3)表示可能情况的推测,might 的可能性比较小。

That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher. They might/may have gone out at that time.

(4)表示祝愿。(may+名词或代词+动词)

May you succeed!

May God bless you!

3. 情态动词must 的主要用法

(1)must 表示“必须”,“应该”,否定式must not/mustn’t 表示“不准”,“禁止”。

在回答must 引导的一般疑问句时,否定回答要用needn ’t 或don ’t have to。 The work must be finished as soon as possible.

You mustn ’t speak that way to your mother in future.

Must I be home before ten o’clock? No, you needn ’t/don’t have to.

(2)表示肯定推测,“一定”,“肯定”。

You must be hungry after such a long walk. (对现在的肯定推测)

I didn’t heart the phone. I must have been asleep. (对过去的肯定推测) 注意:must 和have to的区别

must 表示说话人的主观看法,而have to表示客观需要;must 只有一种形式,可用于一般现在时和一般将来时,而have to有多种形式,可用于不同时态。

I must be at the railway station at two o’clock. It’s very important. I have to be at my office before eight every morning.

The students of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow.

4. 情态动词 need 的主要用法

(1)need 作情态动词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。

need无人称变化,后接动词原形,意思是“需要”。

在回答need 引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must ,否定回答用needn ’t 。 He needn ’t do that.

Need you go now? Yes, I must . No, I needn ’t .

注意:need 可用作行为动词,用法与一般的行为动词一样。

We need to think it over.

Does he need to go now?

She didn ’t need to know it.

(2)need have done表示过去需要做某事而实际上没有做;needn ’t have done表

示过去某动作已经发生而实际上不必发生。

You need have painted the wall light yellow

The bus stop is not far, you needn ’t have hurried there early.

5. 情态动词 shall 的主要用法

(1)shall 用作情态动词,用于第二和第三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”,“警告”,

“允诺”的意思。

You shall do as I say.

You can tell him that he shall have it tomorrow.

(2)在疑问句中,shall 用来征询对方的意见或请求指示,多用于第一人称。 Shall we take a walk after dinner?

Shall I open the window? It’s hot here.

Let’s go home together, shall we?

6. 情态动词 should 的主要用法

(1)表示“应该”,说话人主观上认为的责任和义务,可用于所有人称。

You should keep your promise once you make it.

I told him that he should be more careful.

(2)should have done 表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事,而shouldn ’t have done 表示过去不应

该做而实际上已经做了的事。

It’s eleven o’clock. He should have arrived there by now.

You shouldn ’t have told anyone about that.

7. 情态动词ought to 的主要用法

(1)表示“应该”,没有人称和时态的变化,只有一种形式。

否定形式为ought not to(缩写形式为oughtn ’t to),疑问形式为ought+主语+to+动词。

You ought to do it now.

Ought we to obey the school rules? Yes, you ought(to). No, you ought not (to).

(2)ought to have done 表示过去本应该做而实际上没有做,oughtn ’t to have done 表示过去本不

应该做而实际上已经做了。

You ought to have come here that day, but you didn’t.

You oughtn ’t to have studied geography.

8. 情态动词 will 的主要用法

(1)表示“意志”,“意愿”,用于个人称。 You have to go there alone, whether you will or not. We will help her if she asks to us. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 Will you please give him a message when you see him? Will you go with us?

(3)表示习惯性动作,“总是”,“惯于”。

Fish will die out of water.

She will talk for hours if you give her the chance.

9. 情态动词 would 的主要用法

(1)would 是 will 的过去式,表示过去的“意志”,“愿望”,用于各个人称。 She said that she would do that whatever happened.

I promised you that I would do my best to help you.

(2)用于陈述句和疑问句中表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求,语气比will 委婉。 Would you like some apples? Yes, I’d like to.

I would like to go with you tonight.

10.理解含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法

情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。

Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。

Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)

Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)

含有情态动词的被动语态变为否定句时,应在情态动词后面加not ;变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移到句首。

Waste paper should not be thrown here. 废纸不应该扔在这里。

Should it be done by Li Ming? 这件事应该是李明干吗?

含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态时,要把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语;主动语态中的谓语动词变为“情态动词+助动词be+过去分词”; 主动语态中的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在句尾(如果不强调动作的执行者,by 短语常可省略)。

Parents should allow fourteen-year-olds to choose their own clothes. 父母应该允许十四岁的少年选择他们自己的服装。

→Fourteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes (by parents )。

易错点点拨

1.语境理解错误

— Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

— Sorry, I’m not sure. But it must be.

〔解析〕 由“I ’m not sure ”说明说话者的语气并不肯定,考查情态动词might 表推测的用法。所以要改must 为might 。情态动词表示推测时,肯定句中用might ,may ,must ,其肯定程度递增。

2. 否定形式混淆

The man in the office mustn’t be Mr. Black because he went home just now. 〔解析〕由“he went home just now”可知,办公室里那个人不可能是Mr. Black。mustn ’t 意为“一定不要”表示禁止做某事, can’t 意为“不可能”,表示否定推测,所以改mustn ’t 为can ’t 。情态动词的否定式含义不同,要牢记每个否定式的不同含义。

3. 相似词语混淆

—Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?

—I ’d like to. but I must look after my little sister at home, because my mother is ill.

〔解析〕由“my mother is ill”为客观要求可知应用have to,相似词组must 表示主观愿望,所以改must 为have to。要明白同义词组表示主客观需求的不同用法。

4. 疑问答语易混

—May I take this book out of the reading room?

— No, you needn’t. Please read it here.

〔解析〕May I„?的否定答语为No, you can’t /mustn ’t. ;Must l„?的否定答语为No, you needn’t /don ’t have to.;Can I„?的否定答语为No, you can’t. 所以改needn ’t. 为mustn ’t 。在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别, 要注意情感的细微变化。

1.—_______ you turn down your radio, please?

—Yes, I can. (2010 北京)

A .May B .Need C .Must D .Can

〔解析〕

答案是D 。句意:——你能把收音机声音调低一些吗? ——好的,可以。本题考查情态动词的用法。由答句“Yes ,I can.”可知答案为D 项。

2.—Can I wear any clothes I like to school?

—No, you can’t .You _______ wear a uniform. (2010 天津)

A .might B .must C .will D .would

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:——我可以穿我喜欢的任何一件衣服去上学吗? ——不,你不能。你必须穿校服。本题考查情态动词的用法。might 可能,也许;must 必须;will 将要;would 意愿。根据句意说话者要表达命令的语气,故选B 项。

3.Everyone _______ go through the security check (安检) when ebtering the World Expo Park. (2010 上海)

A .can B .may C .must D .ought

〔解析〕

答案是C 。 句意:当进入世博园时,每个人必须通过安检。本题考查情态动词。can 能,可能;may 可以;must 必须;ought 应该。根据常识及实际情况,进人世博园必须安检。故选C 。

4.—Must I clean the room now?

—No ,you ______.You can do it tomorrow. (2010 重庆)

A .mustn ’t B .must C .needn ’t D .need

〔解析〕

答案是C 。 句意:——我现在必须打扫房间吗? ——不必,你可以明天打扫。本题考查情态动词。对must 引起的疑问句的否定回答要用needn ’t 。

5.It ’s the library! So you ________ know shouting is not allowed here.(2010 江苏南京)

A .can B .must C .need D .may

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:这是图书馆! 所以你必须得知道这里不允许大声喧哗。本题考查情态动词的用法。must 在本句表示“必须”;can 表示能力,可能;need 需要;may 可以,可能。根据句意,可知答案为must 。

6.—I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning.

—No ,it _________ him.He moved to Canada last week.(2010 广东)

A .can be B .must be C .can ’t be D .mustn ’t be

〔解析〕

答案是C 。 句意:——今天早晨我在超市看到了Kevin 。——不,不可能是他。上个星期他搬到加拿大了。本题考查了情态动词表推测的用法。根据后句“He moved to Canada last week .”可知说话者要表达“不可能”,故答案应为C 。can 表示“可能”时,常用于否定句和疑问句;must 表推测时,意为“一定”,常用于肯定句。

7.—Look at that girl! Is it Susan?

—No, it ______ be her. She has gone back to her hometown. (2010 湖北武汉)

A .mustn ’t B .can ’t C .needn ’t D .wouldn ’t

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:——看那个女孩! 是苏珊吗? ——不,不可能是她。她已经回老家了。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意,可推断设空处表示“不可能”,故答案为B 项。can 表推测时,常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。mustn ’t 禁止,不可以;needn ’t 不必;wouldn ’t 可表示“不愿意”等。

8.I ’m feeling much better now so you ______ call the doctor. (2010 浙江杭州)

A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t

〔解析〕

答案是D 。 句意:我现在感觉好多了,所有你没有必要去叫医生了。本题考查情态动词的用法。need 用作情态动词时通常用在否定句中,needn ’t 意为“没必要”,相当于don ’t have to。

9.—This desk is too heavy. I _______ move it. Could you help me?

—No problem.(2010 浙江温州)

A .can B .can ’t C .should D.shouldn't

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:——这张桌子太重了。我搬不动。你能帮我一下吗? ——没问题。本题考查情态动词用法。can 表示人的能力;should 应该。由heavy 和后面的寻求帮助可推知是能力上搬不动。故选B 。

10.—The lake is said to be dry.Is that true?

—It ________.Look ,some kids are swimming in it.(2010 四川成都)

A .must be true B .can ’t be true C .may not be true

〔解析〕

答案是B 。句意:——据说那个湖干了,是真的吗? ——不可能是真的。看,还有小孩儿在里面游泳呢。本题考查情态动词。must be一定是;can ’t be不可能是,表把握性很大的推测;may not be可能不是。根据句意可知答案为B 项。

11.—Dad ,must I do my homework now?

—No .You ________ play games with your friends for a little while.(2010 福建福州)

A .would B .needn ’t C .may

〔解析〕

答案是C 。句意:——爸爸,现在我必须做作业吗? ——不,你可以和你的朋友玩一会儿游戏。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意,可知设空处表示说话者的允许,故答案为C 项。A :愿意;B :不必;C :可以。

12.—What will the weather be like tomorrow?

—It ______ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? (2010 安徽)

A .must B .might C .shall D .should

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:——明天的天气怎样? ——可能有雨、多云或者晴天,谁知道呢? 本题考查情态动词的用法。must 意为“一定”;might 意为“可能”,表示一种可能性,且可能性很小;shall 与第二、三人称连用表示说话者的建议、命令、允诺;should 意为“应该”,表示一种义务、责任或推断。根据题干中Who knows?可知说话者对说话内容把握不大,故用might 。故选B 项。

13.—How was the youth club last night, Mark?

—It was great fun. You ______ come. (2010 江西)

A .must B .can C .should D .may

〔解析〕

答案是C 。句意:——Mark ,你觉得昨晚的青年俱乐部怎么样? ——非常有趣。你应该来的。本题考查情态动词的用法。must 一定;can 能;should 应该;may 可以。根据语境:聚会在昨晚已举行过,Mark 觉得很有趣,对方应该来,故用情态动词should 。

14.—________ your American friend eat with chopsticks?

—Yes ,but he can’t use them well.(2010 山西)

A .Can B .Should C .Must

〔解析〕

答案是A 。 句意:——你的美国朋友会用筷子吃饭吗? ——会,但他用得不太好。本题考查情态动词的用法。can 能;should 应该;must 必须。根据句意,可知设空处表示能力,故答案为A 项。

15. — ________ I take some photos in the hall? (2010广州市)

—No, you _______ .

A. Can; needn’t B. Must ; mustn’t C. Could; won’t D. May; mustn’t

〔解析〕

答案是D 。 句意:——我可以在大厅里拍照吗?——不,你不一定不要。;May I „?的否定答语为No, you can’t /mustn ’t. Must l„?的否定答语为No, you needn’t /don ’t have to. ;Can I„?的否定答语为No, you can’t. 所以改needn ’t. 为mustn ’t 。在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别, 要注意情感的细微变化。

自我检测

一、单项选择

1.Although I tried, I ____ not succeed.

A. would B. should C. might D. could

2.The last bus has gone. We ____ go home on foot.

A. could B. must C. have to D. can

3.—Could you lend me your dictionary?

—Yes, I ____.

A. might B. could C. can D. may

4.I think I ____ speak Japanese very well when I finish my lessons.

A. could B. am able C. can D. shall be able to

5.You ____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. may not D. cannot

6.____ you please tell me how to get to the airport?

A. Shall B. May C. Should D. Will

7.I can’t find my pen anywhere. I ____ it.

A. would have lost B. should have lost

C. must have lost D. might lose

8.Post the letter for me when you go out, ____ you?

A. will B. do C. don’t D. shall

9.It was so dark outside that he ____ go out alone.

A. dared not to B. dared not C. dares not D. doesn’t dare to

10.Since the ground is wet, it ____ last night.

A. must have rained B. should have rained

C. must rain D. has rained

11. You ought ____ have done so even if possible.

A. not to B. to not C. not D. never

12. —He smokes too much.

—Well, he used to smoke more than he ____ now.

A. did B. does C. could D. has

13. I_____work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.

A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. needn’t

14. Judging by her accent, she ____ be an American.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. will

15. You ____ to the meeting tomorrow if you have something important to do.

A. needn’t come B. needn’t to come

C. don’t need come D. don’t need coming

1. —____________ I show him the way? —No ,you needn’t. 2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I____________. 3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you____________. 4. Nobody____________live without air or water. 5. You____________not worry. Everything will be all right. 6. —____________I have some chocolates now? —No, you mustn’t. 7. Children____________be left alone. 8. I____________finish my homework before I go to bed.

9. ____________we go out for a walk? That’s a good idea.

10.____________you like some fish?

三、完形填空

(2010 重庆模拟)

Several days ago, some students from the US visited our school. When we talked, I discovered 1 differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class 2 fifty minutes in the US. It is a little 3 than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. Another difference is that they have less break time between 4 . Besides, although most schools in both countries finish their 5 classes at 12 o’clock, the students in the US only have an hour-long break, so they 6 eat lunch quickly. Their afternoon classes begin at 1:00 pm and school is over 7 3:00 pm. Then they take part in club activities or play sports.

Many Chinese students don ’t work during their high school years, while the US students like to find a part-time job in 8 free time. They don’t have a dream job in mind. They think 9 is no difference between jobs. Working is a useful experience for them and they make money at the same time. Some of them even take one-year full-time jobs 10 they leave high school and then go to college.

1.A .no B.few C .little D .some

2.A .lasts B .finishes C .starts D .stays

3.A .shorter B .longer C.earlier D.later

4.A .schools B .classes C.meals D .students

5.A .day B .night C .morning D .afternoon

6.A .can ’t B .mustn ’t C .need to D .are able to

7.A .in B .for C .during D .around

8.A .my B.his C .their D.your

9.A .it B.there C .that D .this

10.A .after B.with C.while D .during

四、阅读理解

(2010 福建福州)

It was Mother’s Day.A man stopped his car at a flower shop to order some flowers .He wanted the shopkeeper to send the flowers to his mother ,who lived two hundred miles away.

As he got out of his car,he found a young girl sitting on the road crying. He asked her what was wrong and she replied,“I want to buy a red rose for my mother ,but I only have seventy-five cents.A rose costs two dollars.”

The man smiled and said ,“Come into the shop with me ,and I ’ll buy you a rose .” He bought the little girl her rose and ordered his own mother’s flowers.As they were leaving ,he offered to drive the girl home .She said ,“Yes ,please! You can take me to my mother.”She brought him to a cemetery(墓地) ,where she placed the rose on the grave.

The man was moved.He returned to the flower shop,

picked up the flowers he

ordered ,and drove two hundred miles to his mother’s house.

Today is the day for your mother .Send a flower to your kind and beautiful mother .

1.The man went to the shop to ________.

A .have a rest B .help the girl

C .buy some food D .order some flowers

2.The man’s mother lived _________ away from him.

A .2 kilometers B.75 miles C .200 miles D.200 kilometers

3.The girl was crying on the road because ________.

A .she was hungry B .she got hurt

C .she couldn’t afford a rose D .she couldn’t find her way home

4.After the man bought the girl a rose,they went to ________ together.

A .the cemetery B .his shop

C .the girl’s home D .his mother’s house

5.We can learn from the passage that ________.

A .the girl loved flowers very much

B .the girl loved her mother very much

C .the shopkeeper sent the flowers to the man’s mother

D .the man drove to his mother’s house to look after her

答案与解析

一、单项选择

1. D 该句的意思是“尽管我努力了,但是我还是没能成功。” 2. C 这里是表示客观需要。 3. C 对could 引导的一般疑问句的回答要用can 。 4. D 这里表示将来的能力。 5. B 根据意思来看,应该是“你现在不必还这本书”。 6. D 这是一个固定句型,表示请求。 7. C 这里表示对过去的肯定推测。 8. A 这里表示请求。 9. B 这里dare 用作情态动词,而且用于过去时态。 10. A 这里表示对过去的肯定推测。 11. A 在这里“不应该”表示为ought not to。 12. B 这句话的意思是“他过去抽的烟比现在抽的多。” 13. B 由yesterday 可知用couldn ’t 而不用can ’t 。 14. A 这里表示对现在的否定推测。 15. A 这里need 用作情态动词。

二、用方框内的情态动词填空。

1. must 2. can’t 3. mustn’t 4. can 5. need

6. May 7. shouldn’t 8. have to 9. shall 10. would

三、完形填空

[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了中美学校生活中的几点差别,如课间休息、课堂时间的长短以及学生在校学习期间是否做兼职等等,表现了中西方文化的不同。

1.D 由上下句可知“我”发现了中国和美国在学校生活中的一些不同点。

2.A 由本句可知“在美国每节课要持续50分钟”,这是不同点之一。

3.B 由上下句可知,美国的每节课要比我们中国的每节课长一点,他们是50分钟,我们是40或45分钟.

4.B 由本句可知,美国学校课间休息时间较短也是一个不同点。

5.C 由本句中at 12 o'clock“在中午12点”可知是上完上午的课程。

6.C 由上文“only have all-hour-long break ”可知他们需要很快地吃午饭,故选C 。

7.D 由句意可知“他们下午1点开始上课,大约3点放学”。around 此处是“大约”的意思。

8.C 由本句可知很多中国学生高中期间不工作,而美国学生喜欢在他们空闲时间做兼职工作。

9.B 由本句可知“他们认为工作之间没有差别”。故选B 。

10.A 由上句可知工作能挣钱又获得经验,所以美国学生高中毕业后甚至做一年的全职工作。

四、阅读理解

[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。母亲节到了,一位男士想去花店订一束鲜花,并且想让那家花店把鲜花送到母亲家里。当他走出花店后发现一个小女孩因没有足够的钱给母亲买鲜花而哭泣,这位男士替小女孩付了买花的钱,但不久发现小女孩是为已经去世了的母亲买花以庆祝母亲节,男士被感动了,同时他也学会了珍惜母爱,懂得了感恩。

1.D 细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知。

2.C 细节理解题。由第一段第三句可知。

3.C 推理判断题。由第三段中的“1want to buy a red rose for my mother ,but I only have

seventy-five cents.A rose costs two dollars.”可判断出她的钱不够。

4.A 推理判断题。由文中第五段中的“She brought him to a cemetery .”可推断出。

5.B 主旨大意题。从小女孩的行为中可以领会到她是多么爱她的妈妈。

[长难句]He wanted the shopkeeper to send the flowers to his mother,who lived two hundred miles away.他想让花店的人把花送给住在200英里外的母亲。

本句是一个带有定语从句的复合句。主句是:He wanted the shopkeeper to send the flowers to his mother,who lived two hundred miles away 是定语从句,先行词是his mother 。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事;send sth. to sb.把某物发送给某人。

中考复习八 情态动词及其被动语态

撰稿:赵吉存 责编:郭素清

考试要求:

中考要求掌握. 情态动词在一般疑问句的问与答,理解情态动词表示猜测的用法及情态动词的被动语态应用。

知识总结:

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”,“应该”或“必要”等。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能独立作谓语动词,必须和动词原形连用(ought 除外)。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化。常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to, need, dare, shall(should), will(would)。

1. 情态动词can 和could 的主要用法

(1)表示能力,“能,会”。

Can you swim?

His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses. 注意:can 和be able to表示“能力”时的区别

a. can只有现在式和过去式两种形式,而be able to除了现在式和过去式,还有将来式和完成式等多种

形式。

She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon.

This is the information that I have been able to get so far.

b. can一般表示习惯的能力,而be able to表示特定的具体能力。

I could swim when I was very young.

He is able to swim across this river.

c. be able to的主语必须是人或动物,而can 没有这样的限制。

No one can / is able to do it.

The book can be finished in two days.

(2)表示“许可”,“允许”。can 和could 没有时态上的区别,could 比can 在语 气上更客气;在回答could 引导的一般疑问句时要用can 。

Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station?

Could I use your pen? Yes, of course you can.

(3)表示“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句。

We know that a computer can ’t think for itself.

Can she still be alive after all these years?

(4)表示否定推测,“不可能”。

The shy boy can ’t(couldn’t) be our monitor. (对现在情况的否定推测) The ground is dry. It can ’t have rained last night. (对过去情况的否定推测)

2. 情态动词may 和might 的主要用法

(1)表示许可,意为“可以”。

might 比may 语气上更客气,更委婉。在回答may 和might 引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may ,

否定回答要用mustn ’t 。

May/Might I go now? Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.

May/Might I have a talk with you?

(2)表示可能性,“可能”,might 的可能性比较小。

You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone.

He may/might be sick.

(3)表示可能情况的推测,might 的可能性比较小。

That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher. They might/may have gone out at that time.

(4)表示祝愿。(may+名词或代词+动词)

May you succeed!

May God bless you!

3. 情态动词must 的主要用法

(1)must 表示“必须”,“应该”,否定式must not/mustn’t 表示“不准”,“禁止”。

在回答must 引导的一般疑问句时,否定回答要用needn ’t 或don ’t have to。 The work must be finished as soon as possible.

You mustn ’t speak that way to your mother in future.

Must I be home before ten o’clock? No, you needn ’t/don’t have to.

(2)表示肯定推测,“一定”,“肯定”。

You must be hungry after such a long walk. (对现在的肯定推测)

I didn’t heart the phone. I must have been asleep. (对过去的肯定推测) 注意:must 和have to的区别

must 表示说话人的主观看法,而have to表示客观需要;must 只有一种形式,可用于一般现在时和一般将来时,而have to有多种形式,可用于不同时态。

I must be at the railway station at two o’clock. It’s very important. I have to be at my office before eight every morning.

The students of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow.

4. 情态动词 need 的主要用法

(1)need 作情态动词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。

need无人称变化,后接动词原形,意思是“需要”。

在回答need 引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must ,否定回答用needn ’t 。 He needn ’t do that.

Need you go now? Yes, I must . No, I needn ’t .

注意:need 可用作行为动词,用法与一般的行为动词一样。

We need to think it over.

Does he need to go now?

She didn ’t need to know it.

(2)need have done表示过去需要做某事而实际上没有做;needn ’t have done表

示过去某动作已经发生而实际上不必发生。

You need have painted the wall light yellow

The bus stop is not far, you needn ’t have hurried there early.

5. 情态动词 shall 的主要用法

(1)shall 用作情态动词,用于第二和第三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”,“警告”,

“允诺”的意思。

You shall do as I say.

You can tell him that he shall have it tomorrow.

(2)在疑问句中,shall 用来征询对方的意见或请求指示,多用于第一人称。 Shall we take a walk after dinner?

Shall I open the window? It’s hot here.

Let’s go home together, shall we?

6. 情态动词 should 的主要用法

(1)表示“应该”,说话人主观上认为的责任和义务,可用于所有人称。

You should keep your promise once you make it.

I told him that he should be more careful.

(2)should have done 表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事,而shouldn ’t have done 表示过去不应

该做而实际上已经做了的事。

It’s eleven o’clock. He should have arrived there by now.

You shouldn ’t have told anyone about that.

7. 情态动词ought to 的主要用法

(1)表示“应该”,没有人称和时态的变化,只有一种形式。

否定形式为ought not to(缩写形式为oughtn ’t to),疑问形式为ought+主语+to+动词。

You ought to do it now.

Ought we to obey the school rules? Yes, you ought(to). No, you ought not (to).

(2)ought to have done 表示过去本应该做而实际上没有做,oughtn ’t to have done 表示过去本不

应该做而实际上已经做了。

You ought to have come here that day, but you didn’t.

You oughtn ’t to have studied geography.

8. 情态动词 will 的主要用法

(1)表示“意志”,“意愿”,用于个人称。 You have to go there alone, whether you will or not. We will help her if she asks to us. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 Will you please give him a message when you see him? Will you go with us?

(3)表示习惯性动作,“总是”,“惯于”。

Fish will die out of water.

She will talk for hours if you give her the chance.

9. 情态动词 would 的主要用法

(1)would 是 will 的过去式,表示过去的“意志”,“愿望”,用于各个人称。 She said that she would do that whatever happened.

I promised you that I would do my best to help you.

(2)用于陈述句和疑问句中表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求,语气比will 委婉。 Would you like some apples? Yes, I’d like to.

I would like to go with you tonight.

10.理解含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法

情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。

Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。

Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)

Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)

含有情态动词的被动语态变为否定句时,应在情态动词后面加not ;变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移到句首。

Waste paper should not be thrown here. 废纸不应该扔在这里。

Should it be done by Li Ming? 这件事应该是李明干吗?

含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态时,要把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语;主动语态中的谓语动词变为“情态动词+助动词be+过去分词”; 主动语态中的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在句尾(如果不强调动作的执行者,by 短语常可省略)。

Parents should allow fourteen-year-olds to choose their own clothes. 父母应该允许十四岁的少年选择他们自己的服装。

→Fourteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes (by parents )。

易错点点拨

1.语境理解错误

— Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

— Sorry, I’m not sure. But it must be.

〔解析〕 由“I ’m not sure ”说明说话者的语气并不肯定,考查情态动词might 表推测的用法。所以要改must 为might 。情态动词表示推测时,肯定句中用might ,may ,must ,其肯定程度递增。

2. 否定形式混淆

The man in the office mustn’t be Mr. Black because he went home just now. 〔解析〕由“he went home just now”可知,办公室里那个人不可能是Mr. Black。mustn ’t 意为“一定不要”表示禁止做某事, can’t 意为“不可能”,表示否定推测,所以改mustn ’t 为can ’t 。情态动词的否定式含义不同,要牢记每个否定式的不同含义。

3. 相似词语混淆

—Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?

—I ’d like to. but I must look after my little sister at home, because my mother is ill.

〔解析〕由“my mother is ill”为客观要求可知应用have to,相似词组must 表示主观愿望,所以改must 为have to。要明白同义词组表示主客观需求的不同用法。

4. 疑问答语易混

—May I take this book out of the reading room?

— No, you needn’t. Please read it here.

〔解析〕May I„?的否定答语为No, you can’t /mustn ’t. ;Must l„?的否定答语为No, you needn’t /don ’t have to.;Can I„?的否定答语为No, you can’t. 所以改needn ’t. 为mustn ’t 。在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别, 要注意情感的细微变化。

1.—_______ you turn down your radio, please?

—Yes, I can. (2010 北京)

A .May B .Need C .Must D .Can

〔解析〕

答案是D 。句意:——你能把收音机声音调低一些吗? ——好的,可以。本题考查情态动词的用法。由答句“Yes ,I can.”可知答案为D 项。

2.—Can I wear any clothes I like to school?

—No, you can’t .You _______ wear a uniform. (2010 天津)

A .might B .must C .will D .would

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:——我可以穿我喜欢的任何一件衣服去上学吗? ——不,你不能。你必须穿校服。本题考查情态动词的用法。might 可能,也许;must 必须;will 将要;would 意愿。根据句意说话者要表达命令的语气,故选B 项。

3.Everyone _______ go through the security check (安检) when ebtering the World Expo Park. (2010 上海)

A .can B .may C .must D .ought

〔解析〕

答案是C 。 句意:当进入世博园时,每个人必须通过安检。本题考查情态动词。can 能,可能;may 可以;must 必须;ought 应该。根据常识及实际情况,进人世博园必须安检。故选C 。

4.—Must I clean the room now?

—No ,you ______.You can do it tomorrow. (2010 重庆)

A .mustn ’t B .must C .needn ’t D .need

〔解析〕

答案是C 。 句意:——我现在必须打扫房间吗? ——不必,你可以明天打扫。本题考查情态动词。对must 引起的疑问句的否定回答要用needn ’t 。

5.It ’s the library! So you ________ know shouting is not allowed here.(2010 江苏南京)

A .can B .must C .need D .may

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:这是图书馆! 所以你必须得知道这里不允许大声喧哗。本题考查情态动词的用法。must 在本句表示“必须”;can 表示能力,可能;need 需要;may 可以,可能。根据句意,可知答案为must 。

6.—I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning.

—No ,it _________ him.He moved to Canada last week.(2010 广东)

A .can be B .must be C .can ’t be D .mustn ’t be

〔解析〕

答案是C 。 句意:——今天早晨我在超市看到了Kevin 。——不,不可能是他。上个星期他搬到加拿大了。本题考查了情态动词表推测的用法。根据后句“He moved to Canada last week .”可知说话者要表达“不可能”,故答案应为C 。can 表示“可能”时,常用于否定句和疑问句;must 表推测时,意为“一定”,常用于肯定句。

7.—Look at that girl! Is it Susan?

—No, it ______ be her. She has gone back to her hometown. (2010 湖北武汉)

A .mustn ’t B .can ’t C .needn ’t D .wouldn ’t

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:——看那个女孩! 是苏珊吗? ——不,不可能是她。她已经回老家了。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意,可推断设空处表示“不可能”,故答案为B 项。can 表推测时,常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。mustn ’t 禁止,不可以;needn ’t 不必;wouldn ’t 可表示“不愿意”等。

8.I ’m feeling much better now so you ______ call the doctor. (2010 浙江杭州)

A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t

〔解析〕

答案是D 。 句意:我现在感觉好多了,所有你没有必要去叫医生了。本题考查情态动词的用法。need 用作情态动词时通常用在否定句中,needn ’t 意为“没必要”,相当于don ’t have to。

9.—This desk is too heavy. I _______ move it. Could you help me?

—No problem.(2010 浙江温州)

A .can B .can ’t C .should D.shouldn't

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:——这张桌子太重了。我搬不动。你能帮我一下吗? ——没问题。本题考查情态动词用法。can 表示人的能力;should 应该。由heavy 和后面的寻求帮助可推知是能力上搬不动。故选B 。

10.—The lake is said to be dry.Is that true?

—It ________.Look ,some kids are swimming in it.(2010 四川成都)

A .must be true B .can ’t be true C .may not be true

〔解析〕

答案是B 。句意:——据说那个湖干了,是真的吗? ——不可能是真的。看,还有小孩儿在里面游泳呢。本题考查情态动词。must be一定是;can ’t be不可能是,表把握性很大的推测;may not be可能不是。根据句意可知答案为B 项。

11.—Dad ,must I do my homework now?

—No .You ________ play games with your friends for a little while.(2010 福建福州)

A .would B .needn ’t C .may

〔解析〕

答案是C 。句意:——爸爸,现在我必须做作业吗? ——不,你可以和你的朋友玩一会儿游戏。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意,可知设空处表示说话者的允许,故答案为C 项。A :愿意;B :不必;C :可以。

12.—What will the weather be like tomorrow?

—It ______ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? (2010 安徽)

A .must B .might C .shall D .should

〔解析〕

答案是B 。 句意:——明天的天气怎样? ——可能有雨、多云或者晴天,谁知道呢? 本题考查情态动词的用法。must 意为“一定”;might 意为“可能”,表示一种可能性,且可能性很小;shall 与第二、三人称连用表示说话者的建议、命令、允诺;should 意为“应该”,表示一种义务、责任或推断。根据题干中Who knows?可知说话者对说话内容把握不大,故用might 。故选B 项。

13.—How was the youth club last night, Mark?

—It was great fun. You ______ come. (2010 江西)

A .must B .can C .should D .may

〔解析〕

答案是C 。句意:——Mark ,你觉得昨晚的青年俱乐部怎么样? ——非常有趣。你应该来的。本题考查情态动词的用法。must 一定;can 能;should 应该;may 可以。根据语境:聚会在昨晚已举行过,Mark 觉得很有趣,对方应该来,故用情态动词should 。

14.—________ your American friend eat with chopsticks?

—Yes ,but he can’t use them well.(2010 山西)

A .Can B .Should C .Must

〔解析〕

答案是A 。 句意:——你的美国朋友会用筷子吃饭吗? ——会,但他用得不太好。本题考查情态动词的用法。can 能;should 应该;must 必须。根据句意,可知设空处表示能力,故答案为A 项。

15. — ________ I take some photos in the hall? (2010广州市)

—No, you _______ .

A. Can; needn’t B. Must ; mustn’t C. Could; won’t D. May; mustn’t

〔解析〕

答案是D 。 句意:——我可以在大厅里拍照吗?——不,你不一定不要。;May I „?的否定答语为No, you can’t /mustn ’t. Must l„?的否定答语为No, you needn’t /don ’t have to. ;Can I„?的否定答语为No, you can’t. 所以改needn ’t. 为mustn ’t 。在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别, 要注意情感的细微变化。

自我检测

一、单项选择

1.Although I tried, I ____ not succeed.

A. would B. should C. might D. could

2.The last bus has gone. We ____ go home on foot.

A. could B. must C. have to D. can

3.—Could you lend me your dictionary?

—Yes, I ____.

A. might B. could C. can D. may

4.I think I ____ speak Japanese very well when I finish my lessons.

A. could B. am able C. can D. shall be able to

5.You ____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. may not D. cannot

6.____ you please tell me how to get to the airport?

A. Shall B. May C. Should D. Will

7.I can’t find my pen anywhere. I ____ it.

A. would have lost B. should have lost

C. must have lost D. might lose

8.Post the letter for me when you go out, ____ you?

A. will B. do C. don’t D. shall

9.It was so dark outside that he ____ go out alone.

A. dared not to B. dared not C. dares not D. doesn’t dare to

10.Since the ground is wet, it ____ last night.

A. must have rained B. should have rained

C. must rain D. has rained

11. You ought ____ have done so even if possible.

A. not to B. to not C. not D. never

12. —He smokes too much.

—Well, he used to smoke more than he ____ now.

A. did B. does C. could D. has

13. I_____work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.

A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. needn’t

14. Judging by her accent, she ____ be an American.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. will

15. You ____ to the meeting tomorrow if you have something important to do.

A. needn’t come B. needn’t to come

C. don’t need come D. don’t need coming

1. —____________ I show him the way? —No ,you needn’t. 2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I____________. 3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you____________. 4. Nobody____________live without air or water. 5. You____________not worry. Everything will be all right. 6. —____________I have some chocolates now? —No, you mustn’t. 7. Children____________be left alone. 8. I____________finish my homework before I go to bed.

9. ____________we go out for a walk? That’s a good idea.

10.____________you like some fish?

三、完形填空

(2010 重庆模拟)

Several days ago, some students from the US visited our school. When we talked, I discovered 1 differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class 2 fifty minutes in the US. It is a little 3 than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. Another difference is that they have less break time between 4 . Besides, although most schools in both countries finish their 5 classes at 12 o’clock, the students in the US only have an hour-long break, so they 6 eat lunch quickly. Their afternoon classes begin at 1:00 pm and school is over 7 3:00 pm. Then they take part in club activities or play sports.

Many Chinese students don ’t work during their high school years, while the US students like to find a part-time job in 8 free time. They don’t have a dream job in mind. They think 9 is no difference between jobs. Working is a useful experience for them and they make money at the same time. Some of them even take one-year full-time jobs 10 they leave high school and then go to college.

1.A .no B.few C .little D .some

2.A .lasts B .finishes C .starts D .stays

3.A .shorter B .longer C.earlier D.later

4.A .schools B .classes C.meals D .students

5.A .day B .night C .morning D .afternoon

6.A .can ’t B .mustn ’t C .need to D .are able to

7.A .in B .for C .during D .around

8.A .my B.his C .their D.your

9.A .it B.there C .that D .this

10.A .after B.with C.while D .during

四、阅读理解

(2010 福建福州)

It was Mother’s Day.A man stopped his car at a flower shop to order some flowers .He wanted the shopkeeper to send the flowers to his mother ,who lived two hundred miles away.

As he got out of his car,he found a young girl sitting on the road crying. He asked her what was wrong and she replied,“I want to buy a red rose for my mother ,but I only have seventy-five cents.A rose costs two dollars.”

The man smiled and said ,“Come into the shop with me ,and I ’ll buy you a rose .” He bought the little girl her rose and ordered his own mother’s flowers.As they were leaving ,he offered to drive the girl home .She said ,“Yes ,please! You can take me to my mother.”She brought him to a cemetery(墓地) ,where she placed the rose on the grave.

The man was moved.He returned to the flower shop,

picked up the flowers he

ordered ,and drove two hundred miles to his mother’s house.

Today is the day for your mother .Send a flower to your kind and beautiful mother .

1.The man went to the shop to ________.

A .have a rest B .help the girl

C .buy some food D .order some flowers

2.The man’s mother lived _________ away from him.

A .2 kilometers B.75 miles C .200 miles D.200 kilometers

3.The girl was crying on the road because ________.

A .she was hungry B .she got hurt

C .she couldn’t afford a rose D .she couldn’t find her way home

4.After the man bought the girl a rose,they went to ________ together.

A .the cemetery B .his shop

C .the girl’s home D .his mother’s house

5.We can learn from the passage that ________.

A .the girl loved flowers very much

B .the girl loved her mother very much

C .the shopkeeper sent the flowers to the man’s mother

D .the man drove to his mother’s house to look after her

答案与解析

一、单项选择

1. D 该句的意思是“尽管我努力了,但是我还是没能成功。” 2. C 这里是表示客观需要。 3. C 对could 引导的一般疑问句的回答要用can 。 4. D 这里表示将来的能力。 5. B 根据意思来看,应该是“你现在不必还这本书”。 6. D 这是一个固定句型,表示请求。 7. C 这里表示对过去的肯定推测。 8. A 这里表示请求。 9. B 这里dare 用作情态动词,而且用于过去时态。 10. A 这里表示对过去的肯定推测。 11. A 在这里“不应该”表示为ought not to。 12. B 这句话的意思是“他过去抽的烟比现在抽的多。” 13. B 由yesterday 可知用couldn ’t 而不用can ’t 。 14. A 这里表示对现在的否定推测。 15. A 这里need 用作情态动词。

二、用方框内的情态动词填空。

1. must 2. can’t 3. mustn’t 4. can 5. need

6. May 7. shouldn’t 8. have to 9. shall 10. would

三、完形填空

[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了中美学校生活中的几点差别,如课间休息、课堂时间的长短以及学生在校学习期间是否做兼职等等,表现了中西方文化的不同。

1.D 由上下句可知“我”发现了中国和美国在学校生活中的一些不同点。

2.A 由本句可知“在美国每节课要持续50分钟”,这是不同点之一。

3.B 由上下句可知,美国的每节课要比我们中国的每节课长一点,他们是50分钟,我们是40或45分钟.

4.B 由本句可知,美国学校课间休息时间较短也是一个不同点。

5.C 由本句中at 12 o'clock“在中午12点”可知是上完上午的课程。

6.C 由上文“only have all-hour-long break ”可知他们需要很快地吃午饭,故选C 。

7.D 由句意可知“他们下午1点开始上课,大约3点放学”。around 此处是“大约”的意思。

8.C 由本句可知很多中国学生高中期间不工作,而美国学生喜欢在他们空闲时间做兼职工作。

9.B 由本句可知“他们认为工作之间没有差别”。故选B 。

10.A 由上句可知工作能挣钱又获得经验,所以美国学生高中毕业后甚至做一年的全职工作。

四、阅读理解

[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。母亲节到了,一位男士想去花店订一束鲜花,并且想让那家花店把鲜花送到母亲家里。当他走出花店后发现一个小女孩因没有足够的钱给母亲买鲜花而哭泣,这位男士替小女孩付了买花的钱,但不久发现小女孩是为已经去世了的母亲买花以庆祝母亲节,男士被感动了,同时他也学会了珍惜母爱,懂得了感恩。

1.D 细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知。

2.C 细节理解题。由第一段第三句可知。

3.C 推理判断题。由第三段中的“1want to buy a red rose for my mother ,but I only have

seventy-five cents.A rose costs two dollars.”可判断出她的钱不够。

4.A 推理判断题。由文中第五段中的“She brought him to a cemetery .”可推断出。

5.B 主旨大意题。从小女孩的行为中可以领会到她是多么爱她的妈妈。

[长难句]He wanted the shopkeeper to send the flowers to his mother,who lived two hundred miles away.他想让花店的人把花送给住在200英里外的母亲。

本句是一个带有定语从句的复合句。主句是:He wanted the shopkeeper to send the flowers to his mother,who lived two hundred miles away 是定语从句,先行词是his mother 。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事;send sth. to sb.把某物发送给某人。


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