高一语法专项复习 定语从句
一 关系代词 that which who whom whose as
补充 1.先行词是these, those指人时，关系代词只用who.
Those who are playing over there are my students.
2.先行词是人称代词(he, she„)时，关系代词只用who.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3.不定代词
someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who.
Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
4. 当先行词是the way, 在定语从句中充当方式状语时(the way表"以„方式/方法")，引导词通常用that或in which或省略.
I don’t like the way (that) you speak.
二 关系副词 when where why 在从句中做状语成分
1.when：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which 替换(先行词一定是表时间的名词)。
I still remember the time when I joined the League.
=I still remember the time on which I joined the League.
2.where：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。
I still remember the school where I joined the League.
=I still remember the school in which I joined the League.
※对关系副词when, where的认识。
①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。做宾语
I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday.
③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second„last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。
It is the first time that we travel.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which
I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday.
The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus ※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。
This is the reason that he gave to us.
注 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I\'ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I\'ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
【“介词+关系代词”十种情况】
在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：
1.介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。
2.介词+which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟。
3.介词+ which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。如：
Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的
The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的。
4.介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。如： The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。
5.不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有：both, all, any, some, each, none, most等。如：
There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我
Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were expensive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵。
6.数词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。如：
In our class there are fifty-four students, twenty-five of whom are girls.我们班有54名学生，25人是女生。
Two watches were stolen, one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的。
7.名词+of+which代替whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。如：
I saw some trees, the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.我看见一些树，他们的叶子因害病而发黑。
I live in a house, the windows of which are all broken.我住在一所房子里，其窗都破了。
8.介词+ which(指物)/ whose(指人)修饰后边的名词。如：
It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship was broken into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个人，她从他的房间偷走地图。
9.形容词最高级+of+which/whom结构，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系。如： China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
In our class there are twenty girls, the cleverest of whom is Li Hua.我们班有20名女生，最聪明的是李华。
10.介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个定语从句。如： He had no key with which to open the door.他没有开门的钥匙
介词的选用：
(1) 从先行词跟介词的搭配习惯出发。如：
In front of my house, there is a tree, in which some birds are singing. 我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。
(2) 从定语从句中的动词、形容词对介词的习惯要求出发。如：
The computer for which I paid 5,000yuan is made in Shenzhen. 我花了五千元所买的这台电脑使深圳造的。
(3) 名词+介词+ 关系代词。如：
He has three children, one of whose children is studying abroad now. 他又三个小孩，其中一个在国外读书。
注意：当定语从句的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系代词之前。如： She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma.
强化练习：
1．A good ad often uses words_____people attach positive meanings。
A．in which B to which C。 for which on which
2．Dr Curtis Welch discovered that some children had a terrible disease_____he had no medicine。
A．by which B。 on which C。 for which D。to which
3．There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs ______they both took great pride。
A． in which B。 for which C。 of which D。 on which
4. Do you know the reason ______he didn’t come here?
A. of it B. for it C. which D. for which
5. The book, the cover,______is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. for it C. in where D. of which
6. Have you found the cave _______the bear is hibernating?
A. for that B. in which C. in where D. of which
7. I used to live in a house,_______grew a tall tree.
A. in front of it B. in front of which C. in the front of which D.in the front of it
8．The boss paid us 10 dollars for washing ten cars，_____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least half a year.
A. most of these B. most of them C. most of that D. most of which
9.Do you know the man _______I shook hands?
A. with which B. for whom C. to whom D. with whom
10.This is the worker, _____the book was written.
A. who B. whom C. of whom D. by whom
11.I like the way______he talks and laughs.
A. which B. when C. in which D. for which
12. These are the tools______to work.
A.with them B. by these C. by which D. with which
13．In the new city there wasn‘t a single person_____the poor boy could turn for help.
A.that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
14．She was educated at Beijing University ，_____she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A.after that B.from which C. from that D. after which
15.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone______family was poor.
A. of whom the B. whom C. of whose D.the 四 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4）as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
2)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
注 as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as 的用法
例1. the same„as;such„as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和„„一样„„。例如： I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如\'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 As is known, smoking is harmful to one\'s health.
高一语法专项复习 定语从句
一 关系代词 that which who whom whose as
补充 1.先行词是these, those指人时，关系代词只用who.
Those who are playing over there are my students.
2.先行词是人称代词(he, she„)时，关系代词只用who.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3.不定代词
someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who.
Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
4. 当先行词是the way, 在定语从句中充当方式状语时(the way表"以„方式/方法")，引导词通常用that或in which或省略.
I don’t like the way (that) you speak.
二 关系副词 when where why 在从句中做状语成分
1.when：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which 替换(先行词一定是表时间的名词)。
I still remember the time when I joined the League.
=I still remember the time on which I joined the League.
2.where：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。
I still remember the school where I joined the League.
=I still remember the school in which I joined the League.
※对关系副词when, where的认识。
①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。做宾语
I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday.
③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second„last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。
It is the first time that we travel.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which
I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday.
The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus ※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。
This is the reason that he gave to us.
注 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I\'ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I\'ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
【“介词+关系代词”十种情况】
在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：
1.介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。
2.介词+which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟。
3.介词+ which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。如：
Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的
The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的。
4.介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。如： The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。
5.不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有：both, all, any, some, each, none, most等。如：
There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我
Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were expensive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵。
6.数词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。如：
In our class there are fifty-four students, twenty-five of whom are girls.我们班有54名学生，25人是女生。
Two watches were stolen, one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的。
7.名词+of+which代替whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。如：
I saw some trees, the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.我看见一些树，他们的叶子因害病而发黑。
I live in a house, the windows of which are all broken.我住在一所房子里，其窗都破了。
8.介词+ which(指物)/ whose(指人)修饰后边的名词。如：
It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship was broken into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个人，她从他的房间偷走地图。
9.形容词最高级+of+which/whom结构，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系。如： China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
In our class there are twenty girls, the cleverest of whom is Li Hua.我们班有20名女生，最聪明的是李华。
10.介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个定语从句。如： He had no key with which to open the door.他没有开门的钥匙
介词的选用：
(1) 从先行词跟介词的搭配习惯出发。如：
In front of my house, there is a tree, in which some birds are singing. 我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。
(2) 从定语从句中的动词、形容词对介词的习惯要求出发。如：
The computer for which I paid 5,000yuan is made in Shenzhen. 我花了五千元所买的这台电脑使深圳造的。
(3) 名词+介词+ 关系代词。如：
He has three children, one of whose children is studying abroad now. 他又三个小孩，其中一个在国外读书。
注意：当定语从句的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系代词之前。如： She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma.
强化练习：
1．A good ad often uses words_____people attach positive meanings。
A．in which B to which C。 for which on which
2．Dr Curtis Welch discovered that some children had a terrible disease_____he had no medicine。
A．by which B。 on which C。 for which D。to which
3．There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs ______they both took great pride。
A． in which B。 for which C。 of which D。 on which
4. Do you know the reason ______he didn’t come here?
A. of it B. for it C. which D. for which
5. The book, the cover,______is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. for it C. in where D. of which
6. Have you found the cave _______the bear is hibernating?
A. for that B. in which C. in where D. of which
7. I used to live in a house,_______grew a tall tree.
A. in front of it B. in front of which C. in the front of which D.in the front of it
8．The boss paid us 10 dollars for washing ten cars，_____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least half a year.
A. most of these B. most of them C. most of that D. most of which
9.Do you know the man _______I shook hands?
A. with which B. for whom C. to whom D. with whom
10.This is the worker, _____the book was written.
A. who B. whom C. of whom D. by whom
11.I like the way______he talks and laughs.
A. which B. when C. in which D. for which
12. These are the tools______to work.
A.with them B. by these C. by which D. with which
13．In the new city there wasn‘t a single person_____the poor boy could turn for help.
A.that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
14．She was educated at Beijing University ，_____she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A.after that B.from which C. from that D. after which
15.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone______family was poor.
A. of whom the B. whom C. of whose D.the 四 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4）as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
2)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
注 as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as 的用法
例1. the same„as;such„as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和„„一样„„。例如： I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如\'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 As is known, smoking is harmful to one\'s health.