作文的种类
我们一般把作文分为五类，即记叙文(narration)、描写文(description)、说明文(exposition)、议论文(argumentation)和应用文(practical writing)。
一、 记叙文（narration）
记叙文也曾记事文，用于记叙事情的发展变化或人物的经历，它简单易学又很常用，所以最适合学生学习英语作文。它可以通过记日记的形式进行练习。学记叙文时习作者可将自己一天的活动（或一次活动）依时间顺序或空间顺序记下来。当然，随着写作水平的提高，以后就应该打破这种顺序的限制。
记叙文必须包括以下几点：
(1) 所叙述的事件都应包括开头(beginning)，主体(main body)和结尾(ending)三个部分。不论叙述一个人或一件事，必须有情节发展的过程。有时可以有冲突、高潮，这样文章不会平淡无奇。
(2）要确定用第一人称写还是用第三人称写。第一人称使人读来亲切，第三人称容易使读者有身临其境的感觉。
(3) 记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间（when）、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how)。可以以事件发生的时间次序写，也可以以事件发生的先后写。以写“春游”为例，可先简单写如何准备（before the spring outing），然后是文章主体春游的过程（during the spring outing），碰到什么问题（如天气、事故等突发事件），如何解决。最后简单写感想（after the spring outing）。写活动细节要详细得当，写感想要有真实流露。叙述的方式可以分顺序、倒叙和插叙。由于记叙文总是记叙一个事件，所以往往用过去时态。
（4）记叙文难免要用对话。对话可以衬托出说话者的个性，幽默的对话可以使记叙文显得生动。
【例1】
Debbie and Simon are students. On Saturday mornings, when they are not at school, they are at work. They have part-time jobs with the Sunbeam Travel Company. They are sitting in the office.
Debbie and Simon looked up as the door opened and a middle-aged, well-dressed lady entered. She glanced at them both, hesitated a moment, then walked over and sat down opposite Debbie. Debbie greeted her cheerfully, and got down to business. “I want to go by train from Germany to Paris. Can you…?”
Simon sighed, picked up some paper from his desk and took it over to the fax machine. Mr Yang, one of Sunbeam’s senior employees, was standing there. He said, “What’s up, Simon? You don’t look very happy?”
“Nothing,” Simon said.
Mr Yang put his hand on Simon’s shoulder.
“Come on,” he said. “Tell me. I’m your friend as well as your colleague.” He gave an encouraging smile.
“It’s the customers,” Simon said. “They always prefer Debbie to me. I can’t understand it.” “I can. It’s the way you communicate.”
“How can that be?” Simon said. “I don’t even get a chance to speak to them.”
“Communicating is more than speaking and listening, Simon. Your body language is important, too.”
“What kind of language is that?”
“It’s the way you stand and sit and walk. It’s your gesture and the expression on your face and in your eyes. Your whole appearance communicates things, even when you are not speaking.”
“The way you look at customers doesn’t give them a good impression, Simon. For example, you often rest your head on your hand. You look downwards. You don’t smile. You don’t turn your head or your body toward the customers.”
“ But look at Debbie. She’s holding her head up. She looks at a customer’s eyes. She turns her head and her body towards the customer. Your body language is telling customers to go away. Debbie’s is making them feel welcome. That’s why they go to her, and not to you.”
After that, Simon tried to improve his body language. He sat up and smiled at the customers. This seemed to work. Minutes later, a very beautiful girl entered. She looked at Debbie and Simon and, without hesitation, sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile. A few moments late, she left, still smiling.
Mr Yang came over at once and said, “Well, Simon, you certainly made a good impression on that customer. Well done.”
“That wasn’t a customer,” Simon said. “That was my sister. She wanted to borrow some money for lunch.”
这是一篇很典型的优秀记叙文。有开头、主体和结尾，有记叙文的六要素，有故事情节的发展过程。文章中的对话衬托了说话者的个性，结尾令人回味。
【例2】
A happy Journey
During the Spring Festival holidays, Mother and I had been invited to spend several days at my aunt’s at Xiamen. As we had some rather heavy luggage, we had to go to the station by taxi, and father went to see us off.
We bought our tickets and then sat down in the waiting room till it was time for us to leave. As we entered the platform, we had to show our tickets. We got into the carriage, which was not at all crowded, so we were able to find a good seat by the window. When the train started we said good-bye to each other, and father told us to take care of ourselves.
At first I found it very interesting to look out of the window. The train traveled quickly and smoothly along, passing farms and villages, over one or two bridges and through some tunnels. After an hour or two, however, I began to feel tired of sitting still, although the seats and cushions were comfortable enough and I looked forward to the end of the journey.
After a long train ride we reached our destination at last. As soon as we stepped down from the train we saw aunt and two cousins, who had come to meet us on the platform.
文章第一段写了这次旅行的缘由。第二段写了买票、上车、与家人告别。第三段写了旅途的所见所闻和感受。结尾一段写了到达目的地，字里行间洋溢着作者的愉快心情。
【例3】
My Daily life
I get up at six o’clock every day. I dress myself quickly and then I brush my teeth, wash my face and hands. I comb my hair. After that I go to the courtyard to do morning exercise. I read Chinese or English aloud for twenty minutes or more. I take my breakfast at ten to seven and get ready for school at sever sharp.
I have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. I study hard and always help my classmates with their lessons. I came home for lunch at noon and go to school again at half past one. School is over at five.
After supper I read newspapers or watch TV for half an hour. I prepare my lessons between half past seven and half past nine. I go to bed at ten.
The above is a brief account of my daily life on weekdays. There is no school on Sundays. I usually review my lessons in the morning and visit some friends or have a chat with my friends on the Internet in the afternoon.
【例4】
An Interesting experience
It was a fine day yesterday. Early in the morning, I went swimming in the sea with a friend of mine. We set out very early on bikes, carrying bottles of water, bags of cakes and so on. On the way we breathed the fresh air and laughed heartily.
When we reached the shore there were already a large number of people enjoying themselves on the seashore. Some were playing in the sand and others were looking for seashells here and there. Many boys and girls were learning to swim in the sea.
I couldn’t wait to jump into the sea. The sea water felt a little cold. But I was so happy that I forgot all about it. I was a little afraid at first, but my friend encouraged me and taught me. Little by little, I could swim a short distance. It was great fun to be able to float in the water.
Tired from swimming we lay down on the seashore, bathing in the sun, drinking, eating, and talking about our life and future.
At about 4 p.m. we returned home with salt on our bodies and freshness in our hearts.
【例5】
根据提示，写一篇记叙文。
去年冬天，你从自行车上摔下来，跌坏了一条腿，只好卧床。
一天晚上，教你们英语课的老师来了。她在你身边坐下，安慰你不要担心功课。她身体不好，工作又忙，你感到过意不去。
从那以后，她时常来给你补习功课。在她的帮助下，尽管以前你的英语成绩较差，但却赶了上来。
Last winter I fell off my bike. One of my legs was badly hurt and I had to stay in bed.
One evening, when I was alone and feeling sad, Mrs Li, my English teacher, came to see me. I was too excited to speak.
“I am very sorry to hear the bad news,” she began, taking a seat by my side. “You don’t have to worry about your lessons. I can help you.”
“Thank you, Mrs Li. But you are so busy. What’s more, you are in poor health yourself.” “Never mind.” With the words, she took out of the textbook and began to explain the text. From then on she came to help me every now and then. With her help, I caught up with my classmates though I was rather poor in English before.
练习题：
1） 记一次有意义的班级活动
2） 一场难忘的考试
3） 我的中学生活
4） 我的周末
5） 记一次有意义的班级活动
二、 说明文（exposition）
说明文是解释、说明一物、一技或一理。说明文分人物说明文、事物说明文、事理说明文和程序说明文。人物说明文有人物介绍和经历，事物说明文主要介绍实物是“什么样”和“怎么样”的。事理说明文常用于介绍科学知识。程序说明文主要用于介绍和说明某实物怎样操作，怎样使用。
说明文的主要特点，一是知识的科学性，二是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写，要用具体详实的材料说明问题，而不要抽象空洞地讨论。语言要简洁、准确，条理要清楚。讨论问题时要集中，切忌面面俱到。
写作中可以应用举例、比较、对比、分类、分析、数字、图表、描写和叙述等手法。
【例1】
A Tree
A tree consists of three main parts: the roots, the branches and the leaves. Under the ground, the roots spread out so that the tree can stand firm. Above the ground, the roots form the trunk, which supports the branches. Near the top of the tree, the trunk divides into branches. At the top of the tree, the leaves grow out of the branches. The leaves receive sunlight to help the whole tree grow.
描写一个直立物体，其写作顺序从上到下。如描写一棵树可以分为三个部分，然后逐一描写。这种手法还可用于描写高山、楼房等。
【例2】
The Sun and The Earth
The sun shines on us. It gives us light and heat. It makes everything grow. It gives the earth life.
The earth rotates on its Axis. So, we have day and night. It’s bright by day and dark by night. The earth also travels round the sun in an orbit. As it travels, we have four seasons. It is hot in summer and cold in winter. The days are long in summer and short in winter. In spring it is warm and the days are getting longer. In autumn it is cool and the days are getting shorter.
本文是一篇介绍太阳和地球的说明文。文章对太阳和地球客观、如实地进行介绍，不含有作者个人的感情色彩。文章目的明确，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练。
【例3】
Games
A game is a type of recreation for us to relax after a hard study and concentration. We play games in the playground at half past four in the afternoon every day. We always enjoy this time.
As a rule, the boys play more games than the girls. Most of the boys like to play football, baseball and basketball. The younger boys like to play table-tennis.
Most of the girls like to swim and play badminton. They also play other games but they do not play football.
To have a sound mind for study, we must keep our bodies fit and healthy. Games can help to improve our health. The famous proverb says, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” All of us should learn to play one or two sport games when we are in school. We need not spend a lot of time on them every day. If we are busy, half an hour may be enough.
文章介绍了什么是游戏，男孩和女孩分别喜欢什么游戏，以及游戏对孩子成长的好处。
【例4】
Basketball
The game of basketball is about one hundred years old. It wan first invented in December 1891 by James Naismith in Springfield, Mass., USA. He wanted to invent an indoor game for his students to play in the winter. It is now played in many countries of the world. It is very popular in the USA, Asia and Europe. T you cannot carry the ball.
You play football on a court 50 feet by 94 feet. You must throw the ball into a high basket. You can bounce the ball, but you cannot carry the ball. There are five people on each team, and you can substitute players.
Basketball is a fast and exciting game to play. When you are score a basket, it is very pleasing. It is also easy for children to play. Both girls and boys can play. It is a very good exercise. Tall people have an advantage in this game. It is not expensive. It is fun to play in a good team, and there are many places to play. It is an ideal game to play in big cities because it does not need much space.
文章介绍了篮球发展的历史，球场大小，简单运动规则，以及与其他运动相比它所具有的优势。
【例5】
以Health Habits为题写一篇短文，说明早期早睡对人体的好处，可以用正反两方面的例子来说明以下内容：
人们需要足够的睡眠时间，如果不早睡，睡眠时间不足，就会影响人们的工作。 每天早起，进行早锻炼，能使人体保持健康。
Health Habits
A habit is something we often do. We do not consciously think when we are doing it. We can have good habits and bad habits.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
This is an old English saying. It means that we must go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy, rich and clever.
Is it true? Perhaps it is. The body must have enough sleep. If you do not go to bed early, you cannot have enough sleep. Then you cannot think properly and cannot do your work properly. You will not be wise and you may not become wealthy!
Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is not good for them. We must sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us to sleep properly. When daylight comes, we must get up. This is the time for exercise. Exercise can be in the form of walking, running, jumping, swimming and playing games. If the body is not used, it becomes weak. Exercise keeps it strong.
If you want to keep healthy, you must form a good habit.
【例6】
根据以下提示写一篇120字左右的短文。
1） 我最喜爱的电视（或广播）节目是。。。。。。
2） 这类节目的内容和特点。。。。。。
3） 我喜欢它的原因。。。。。。
My Most Favorite Program
My favorite TV program is “Animal World”. It is shown on CCTV every Sunday evening. The program brings us scenes of animal life from all over the world. It explains the animals’ habits and describes their natural surroundings. It is not just about animals, though; the program also shows us fish, birds and plants.
Having been brought up in the city, I have only seen wild animals in zoos. So this program gives me a chance to learn about the other creatures which share our planet. Moreover, it helps me to appreciate the contribution they make to the ecological environment.
The program is well produced; the scenery is always beautiful, and the narrator is well informed. To my mind, it is an ideal combination of both entertainment and education. Therefore, I look forward to watching it as the weekend draws to a close, and I hope you will too.
练习题：
1） 排球运动
2） 怎样面对困难
3） 我为什么要进大学
4） 成功的秘密
三、议论文
议论文是通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张的文章。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意他的看法，提出若干道理来，企图说服他人。
在写作手法上，议论文与记叙文，描写文以及说明文有不少相似的地方。作为不同的文体，它与其他文体之间的差异主要表现是；议论文是从主观的角度出发，陈述一种观点，并试图说服他人接受此观点。在议论文的写作中，要注意以下几点：
作文的种类
我们一般把作文分为五类，即记叙文(narration)、描写文(description)、说明文(exposition)、议论文(argumentation)和应用文(practical writing)。
一、 记叙文（narration）
记叙文也曾记事文，用于记叙事情的发展变化或人物的经历，它简单易学又很常用，所以最适合学生学习英语作文。它可以通过记日记的形式进行练习。学记叙文时习作者可将自己一天的活动（或一次活动）依时间顺序或空间顺序记下来。当然，随着写作水平的提高，以后就应该打破这种顺序的限制。
记叙文必须包括以下几点：
(1) 所叙述的事件都应包括开头(beginning)，主体(main body)和结尾(ending)三个部分。不论叙述一个人或一件事，必须有情节发展的过程。有时可以有冲突、高潮，这样文章不会平淡无奇。
(2）要确定用第一人称写还是用第三人称写。第一人称使人读来亲切，第三人称容易使读者有身临其境的感觉。
(3) 记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间（when）、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how)。可以以事件发生的时间次序写，也可以以事件发生的先后写。以写“春游”为例，可先简单写如何准备（before the spring outing），然后是文章主体春游的过程（during the spring outing），碰到什么问题（如天气、事故等突发事件），如何解决。最后简单写感想（after the spring outing）。写活动细节要详细得当，写感想要有真实流露。叙述的方式可以分顺序、倒叙和插叙。由于记叙文总是记叙一个事件，所以往往用过去时态。
（4）记叙文难免要用对话。对话可以衬托出说话者的个性，幽默的对话可以使记叙文显得生动。
【例1】
Debbie and Simon are students. On Saturday mornings, when they are not at school, they are at work. They have part-time jobs with the Sunbeam Travel Company. They are sitting in the office.
Debbie and Simon looked up as the door opened and a middle-aged, well-dressed lady entered. She glanced at them both, hesitated a moment, then walked over and sat down opposite Debbie. Debbie greeted her cheerfully, and got down to business. “I want to go by train from Germany to Paris. Can you…?”
Simon sighed, picked up some paper from his desk and took it over to the fax machine. Mr Yang, one of Sunbeam’s senior employees, was standing there. He said, “What’s up, Simon? You don’t look very happy?”
“Nothing,” Simon said.
Mr Yang put his hand on Simon’s shoulder.
“Come on,” he said. “Tell me. I’m your friend as well as your colleague.” He gave an encouraging smile.
“It’s the customers,” Simon said. “They always prefer Debbie to me. I can’t understand it.” “I can. It’s the way you communicate.”
“How can that be?” Simon said. “I don’t even get a chance to speak to them.”
“Communicating is more than speaking and listening, Simon. Your body language is important, too.”
“What kind of language is that?”
“It’s the way you stand and sit and walk. It’s your gesture and the expression on your face and in your eyes. Your whole appearance communicates things, even when you are not speaking.”
“The way you look at customers doesn’t give them a good impression, Simon. For example, you often rest your head on your hand. You look downwards. You don’t smile. You don’t turn your head or your body toward the customers.”
“ But look at Debbie. She’s holding her head up. She looks at a customer’s eyes. She turns her head and her body towards the customer. Your body language is telling customers to go away. Debbie’s is making them feel welcome. That’s why they go to her, and not to you.”
After that, Simon tried to improve his body language. He sat up and smiled at the customers. This seemed to work. Minutes later, a very beautiful girl entered. She looked at Debbie and Simon and, without hesitation, sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile. A few moments late, she left, still smiling.
Mr Yang came over at once and said, “Well, Simon, you certainly made a good impression on that customer. Well done.”
“That wasn’t a customer,” Simon said. “That was my sister. She wanted to borrow some money for lunch.”
这是一篇很典型的优秀记叙文。有开头、主体和结尾，有记叙文的六要素，有故事情节的发展过程。文章中的对话衬托了说话者的个性，结尾令人回味。
【例2】
A happy Journey
During the Spring Festival holidays, Mother and I had been invited to spend several days at my aunt’s at Xiamen. As we had some rather heavy luggage, we had to go to the station by taxi, and father went to see us off.
We bought our tickets and then sat down in the waiting room till it was time for us to leave. As we entered the platform, we had to show our tickets. We got into the carriage, which was not at all crowded, so we were able to find a good seat by the window. When the train started we said good-bye to each other, and father told us to take care of ourselves.
At first I found it very interesting to look out of the window. The train traveled quickly and smoothly along, passing farms and villages, over one or two bridges and through some tunnels. After an hour or two, however, I began to feel tired of sitting still, although the seats and cushions were comfortable enough and I looked forward to the end of the journey.
After a long train ride we reached our destination at last. As soon as we stepped down from the train we saw aunt and two cousins, who had come to meet us on the platform.
文章第一段写了这次旅行的缘由。第二段写了买票、上车、与家人告别。第三段写了旅途的所见所闻和感受。结尾一段写了到达目的地，字里行间洋溢着作者的愉快心情。
【例3】
My Daily life
I get up at six o’clock every day. I dress myself quickly and then I brush my teeth, wash my face and hands. I comb my hair. After that I go to the courtyard to do morning exercise. I read Chinese or English aloud for twenty minutes or more. I take my breakfast at ten to seven and get ready for school at sever sharp.
I have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. I study hard and always help my classmates with their lessons. I came home for lunch at noon and go to school again at half past one. School is over at five.
After supper I read newspapers or watch TV for half an hour. I prepare my lessons between half past seven and half past nine. I go to bed at ten.
The above is a brief account of my daily life on weekdays. There is no school on Sundays. I usually review my lessons in the morning and visit some friends or have a chat with my friends on the Internet in the afternoon.
【例4】
An Interesting experience
It was a fine day yesterday. Early in the morning, I went swimming in the sea with a friend of mine. We set out very early on bikes, carrying bottles of water, bags of cakes and so on. On the way we breathed the fresh air and laughed heartily.
When we reached the shore there were already a large number of people enjoying themselves on the seashore. Some were playing in the sand and others were looking for seashells here and there. Many boys and girls were learning to swim in the sea.
I couldn’t wait to jump into the sea. The sea water felt a little cold. But I was so happy that I forgot all about it. I was a little afraid at first, but my friend encouraged me and taught me. Little by little, I could swim a short distance. It was great fun to be able to float in the water.
Tired from swimming we lay down on the seashore, bathing in the sun, drinking, eating, and talking about our life and future.
At about 4 p.m. we returned home with salt on our bodies and freshness in our hearts.
【例5】
根据提示，写一篇记叙文。
去年冬天，你从自行车上摔下来，跌坏了一条腿，只好卧床。
一天晚上，教你们英语课的老师来了。她在你身边坐下，安慰你不要担心功课。她身体不好，工作又忙，你感到过意不去。
从那以后，她时常来给你补习功课。在她的帮助下，尽管以前你的英语成绩较差，但却赶了上来。
Last winter I fell off my bike. One of my legs was badly hurt and I had to stay in bed.
One evening, when I was alone and feeling sad, Mrs Li, my English teacher, came to see me. I was too excited to speak.
“I am very sorry to hear the bad news,” she began, taking a seat by my side. “You don’t have to worry about your lessons. I can help you.”
“Thank you, Mrs Li. But you are so busy. What’s more, you are in poor health yourself.” “Never mind.” With the words, she took out of the textbook and began to explain the text. From then on she came to help me every now and then. With her help, I caught up with my classmates though I was rather poor in English before.
练习题：
1） 记一次有意义的班级活动
2） 一场难忘的考试
3） 我的中学生活
4） 我的周末
5） 记一次有意义的班级活动
二、 说明文（exposition）
说明文是解释、说明一物、一技或一理。说明文分人物说明文、事物说明文、事理说明文和程序说明文。人物说明文有人物介绍和经历，事物说明文主要介绍实物是“什么样”和“怎么样”的。事理说明文常用于介绍科学知识。程序说明文主要用于介绍和说明某实物怎样操作，怎样使用。
说明文的主要特点，一是知识的科学性，二是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写，要用具体详实的材料说明问题，而不要抽象空洞地讨论。语言要简洁、准确，条理要清楚。讨论问题时要集中，切忌面面俱到。
写作中可以应用举例、比较、对比、分类、分析、数字、图表、描写和叙述等手法。
【例1】
A Tree
A tree consists of three main parts: the roots, the branches and the leaves. Under the ground, the roots spread out so that the tree can stand firm. Above the ground, the roots form the trunk, which supports the branches. Near the top of the tree, the trunk divides into branches. At the top of the tree, the leaves grow out of the branches. The leaves receive sunlight to help the whole tree grow.
描写一个直立物体，其写作顺序从上到下。如描写一棵树可以分为三个部分，然后逐一描写。这种手法还可用于描写高山、楼房等。
【例2】
The Sun and The Earth
The sun shines on us. It gives us light and heat. It makes everything grow. It gives the earth life.
The earth rotates on its Axis. So, we have day and night. It’s bright by day and dark by night. The earth also travels round the sun in an orbit. As it travels, we have four seasons. It is hot in summer and cold in winter. The days are long in summer and short in winter. In spring it is warm and the days are getting longer. In autumn it is cool and the days are getting shorter.
本文是一篇介绍太阳和地球的说明文。文章对太阳和地球客观、如实地进行介绍，不含有作者个人的感情色彩。文章目的明确，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练。
【例3】
Games
A game is a type of recreation for us to relax after a hard study and concentration. We play games in the playground at half past four in the afternoon every day. We always enjoy this time.
As a rule, the boys play more games than the girls. Most of the boys like to play football, baseball and basketball. The younger boys like to play table-tennis.
Most of the girls like to swim and play badminton. They also play other games but they do not play football.
To have a sound mind for study, we must keep our bodies fit and healthy. Games can help to improve our health. The famous proverb says, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” All of us should learn to play one or two sport games when we are in school. We need not spend a lot of time on them every day. If we are busy, half an hour may be enough.
文章介绍了什么是游戏，男孩和女孩分别喜欢什么游戏，以及游戏对孩子成长的好处。
【例4】
Basketball
The game of basketball is about one hundred years old. It wan first invented in December 1891 by James Naismith in Springfield, Mass., USA. He wanted to invent an indoor game for his students to play in the winter. It is now played in many countries of the world. It is very popular in the USA, Asia and Europe. T you cannot carry the ball.
You play football on a court 50 feet by 94 feet. You must throw the ball into a high basket. You can bounce the ball, but you cannot carry the ball. There are five people on each team, and you can substitute players.
Basketball is a fast and exciting game to play. When you are score a basket, it is very pleasing. It is also easy for children to play. Both girls and boys can play. It is a very good exercise. Tall people have an advantage in this game. It is not expensive. It is fun to play in a good team, and there are many places to play. It is an ideal game to play in big cities because it does not need much space.
文章介绍了篮球发展的历史，球场大小，简单运动规则，以及与其他运动相比它所具有的优势。
【例5】
以Health Habits为题写一篇短文，说明早期早睡对人体的好处，可以用正反两方面的例子来说明以下内容：
人们需要足够的睡眠时间，如果不早睡，睡眠时间不足，就会影响人们的工作。 每天早起，进行早锻炼，能使人体保持健康。
Health Habits
A habit is something we often do. We do not consciously think when we are doing it. We can have good habits and bad habits.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
This is an old English saying. It means that we must go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy, rich and clever.
Is it true? Perhaps it is. The body must have enough sleep. If you do not go to bed early, you cannot have enough sleep. Then you cannot think properly and cannot do your work properly. You will not be wise and you may not become wealthy!
Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is not good for them. We must sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us to sleep properly. When daylight comes, we must get up. This is the time for exercise. Exercise can be in the form of walking, running, jumping, swimming and playing games. If the body is not used, it becomes weak. Exercise keeps it strong.
If you want to keep healthy, you must form a good habit.
【例6】
根据以下提示写一篇120字左右的短文。
1） 我最喜爱的电视（或广播）节目是。。。。。。
2） 这类节目的内容和特点。。。。。。
3） 我喜欢它的原因。。。。。。
My Most Favorite Program
My favorite TV program is “Animal World”. It is shown on CCTV every Sunday evening. The program brings us scenes of animal life from all over the world. It explains the animals’ habits and describes their natural surroundings. It is not just about animals, though; the program also shows us fish, birds and plants.
Having been brought up in the city, I have only seen wild animals in zoos. So this program gives me a chance to learn about the other creatures which share our planet. Moreover, it helps me to appreciate the contribution they make to the ecological environment.
The program is well produced; the scenery is always beautiful, and the narrator is well informed. To my mind, it is an ideal combination of both entertainment and education. Therefore, I look forward to watching it as the weekend draws to a close, and I hope you will too.
练习题：
1） 排球运动
2） 怎样面对困难
3） 我为什么要进大学
4） 成功的秘密
三、议论文
议论文是通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张的文章。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意他的看法，提出若干道理来，企图说服他人。
在写作手法上，议论文与记叙文，描写文以及说明文有不少相似的地方。作为不同的文体，它与其他文体之间的差异主要表现是；议论文是从主观的角度出发，陈述一种观点，并试图说服他人接受此观点。在议论文的写作中，要注意以下几点：