强调句
所谓强调，就是通过某种手段把句子的一部分甚至整个句子所表达的信息加以
突出、强调。表示强调的手段很多：
1. 用“it引导”的强调句，又叫做分裂句（cleft sentence）。
2. 用what 引导一个假似分裂句，用以加强语气。
3. 用do 加强语气。
4. 变换副词的位置以加强副词本身的语气。
5. 用as/ though加强语气。
6. 把宾语、表语或状语放在句首，加强语气。
7. 把现在分词、过去分词或不定式放在句首，加强语气。
8. 将要加强语气的词重复使用。
9. 用-self 代词加强语气。
10. 用“附加短语”加强语气。
11. 形容词前加very 等。
12. 比较级前加a lot 等。
13. 最高级前加by far 等。
14. 否定意味的强调。
15. 加入短语，加强语气。
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子：It is (was) 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子
其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.（注
意不用when ）
强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
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1. 强调结构的陈述式
强调结构的陈述式为“It is （was ） + 被强调部分 + that （who ）…”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that 或who 的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that 或who 均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that （注意不用which ）。如：It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。（强调in the office）
It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。（强调the children）
It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借钱给你，不借给其他人。（强调to you and not anyone）
It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。（强调only when you have your own children）
2. 一般疑问句的强调结构
一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be 提到句首，即使用“Is / Was it+ 被强调部分 + that / who…”。如：Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是汤米接的电话吗? Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits? 报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗？
3. 特殊疑问句的强调结构
特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词（Who / What / When / Where / Why / How）+is / was it that …”这样的形式。如：When was it that he got married? 他是什么时候结婚的? How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸? In which play of Shakespeare's is it that Viola appears? 维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗?
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强调句的结构是“It is / was +强调部分 + that / who-从句”，it 在句中作先行词，被强调 的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。这是it 的主要用法和考点之一。
一． 在强调句中，被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that 引导从句，而不能用which 引导, 而且通常不能省略。强调状语（从句）是历年高考中最主要的考点。例如（MET95）： It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
答案是C 。不能选B ，因为该句中被强调的部分是时间状语从句。
二． 被强调的是非人称主语或宾语时，现代英语既可用that 引导，也可用which 引导。例如（NMET2000）：
It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案是B ，其中that 也可换成which 。又如：
It is the sun that / which gives us light and heat. 是太阳给了我们光和热。
三． 被强调者为人时，引导词用who 或that 。例如（上海高考题95）：
Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
答案是A 。句中的引导词that 可换用who 。有时强调句以倒装（疑问句）形式出现，此时可用“还原法”加以辨别。必须注意的是，当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。例如：
It was I who discovered the secret first. 是我最先发现这个秘密的。
四． 对not …until 时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is / was not until… that-从句， 即not 和until 在强调句中总是紧挨着的。例如（MET92）：
It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
答案是B 。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when 引导。
五． 强调句和修饰时间及地点的定语从句的区别。比较下面两例：
Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronaut succeeded ____ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in (上海高考题94)
It was December26, 1893 ____ Mao Zedong was born in the common village.
A. when B. that C. which D. in which
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答案分别是D 和A 。前一句是强调句，因为被强调的部分in 1969是that 从句中一个完整的句子成分，改为非强调句后的句子是：The American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon in 1969。 而后一句的December 26, 1893不能成为从句的一个完整成分，所以不是强调句，而是定语从句，December 26, 1893是先行词。在强调句中，it 是先行词；在第二句中，it 作主语，指时间。
六． 被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be 动词都用单数，即is 或was 。例如： It ____ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案是B 。由于所叙述的是过去的事，不能用is 。
◆典型迷惑题分析◆
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【迷惑】此题容易误选D ，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。
【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B ，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance. ”
A. it that B. he that
C. it when D. he which
【迷惑】几个干扰项均可能误选。
【分析】答案选A ，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：
(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案选C ，被强调成分为 who ，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调
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句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。
(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案选C ，被强调成分为 what ，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully
C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A ，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。
【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B 。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：
(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
答案选C ，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。
(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案选C ，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能误选C ，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。
【分析】假若选C ，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的? ”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。
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其实，此题的最佳答案是A ，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的) ”，这样语意就通顺了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D) ，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案选C ，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案选B ，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。
6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that B. that, which
C. which, which D. that, where
【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。
【分析】答案选A ，第一空填 which ，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that ，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father) 。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：
(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how
C. who, that D. that, which
此题答案选C ，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in
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prison) 。
(2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.
A. where, which B. that, that
C. where, that D. which, that
此题答案选C ，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。
7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when B. that
C. which D. in which
【迷惑】容易误选B ，误认为这是强调句。
【分析】其实，此题应选A ，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is
[was]…that …，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out ，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock 前加上介词at 则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A 可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗? ”比较下面一题（答案选B ，为强调句）：
Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when B. that
C. which D. in which
8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where
C. which D. while
【迷惑】此题很容易误选A ，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】其实此题应选D 。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗? ”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A ，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。
9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.
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A. when B. that
C. since D. while
【迷惑】容易误选B ，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】假若选B ，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined …became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C ，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been) ，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。
10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as
C. that D. what
【迷惑】容易误选A ，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A 。
【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C ，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。
◆精编迷惑题训练◆
1. —Who are making so much noise in the garden?
—_______ the children.
A. It is B. They are
C. That is D. There are
2. It is _______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.
A. what; that B. that; what
C. that; that D. / ; that
3. It is the protection for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that
C. 不填 D. which
4. It is _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
A. where, that B. where, when
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C. that, where D. that, that
5. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that you
6. It was ten o’clock _____ he came back home.
A. when B. that
C. since D. after
7. It was not until he came back _____ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which B. since
C. that D. before
【答案与解析】
1. 选A 。为强调句型 It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。
2. 选C 。为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句 that he often fails in exams。
3. 选B 。为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少树”。
4. 选A ，整个句子为 it was … that … 格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that ；第一空填where ，where my father worked 为地点状语从句，为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作”。
5. 选A ，为强调句的一般疑问句形式，其相应陈述句为 It was you that I saw …。
6. 选A 。when 表示“当……的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为“当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。”
7. 选C 。为 He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not … until … 的强调句式通常为 It was not until … that … It is/was+...who/that强调句型使用频率很高, 高考也很注重对它的考查, 然而该句型结构复杂, 变化多样, 在实际使用过程中颇有难度。笔者认为使用强调句型时应注意下列十要素(本文前五个要素合并举例说明, 后五个要素分别举例说明)
一、如果强调句型指现在或未来情况用It is,指过去情况用It was。
二、被强调部分往往是句子的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语, 但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容, 如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、not until...、not only...but also...、...as well as...等结构。
三、被强调部分是人称代词时, 原句用什么格, 强调句也用什么格。
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四、被强调部分如果是主格人称代词时,who/that后的动词应和该主格人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。
五、关于强调词的选用, 强调人时可用who 或that ；如果不强调人一律用that 。此时绝不能和定语从句混淆, 被强调部分为时间状语、地点状语或者原因状语时不能误用when 、where 或why 。 例1：It was him who/that I saw the day before yesterday.
析：该句原句为：I saw him the day before yesterday.该句指过去情况, 所以强调句型应使用It was开头；被强调部分为原句宾语-宾格人称代词him, 所以强调句型仍用him 作被强调部分；被强调部分指人, 所以用who 或that 。
例2：It was in the street that I met him yesterday.
析：该句原句为：I met him in the street yesterday.该句仍指过去情况, 所以强调句型仍以It was开头, 被强调部分虽为地点状语, 但不能用where, 只能用that 。
例3：It was because he was seriously ill that he died.
析：该句原句为：He died because he was seriously ill.被强调部分为结构复杂的原因状语从句, 但不能用why, 只能用that 。
六、强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is /Was it…who ／that …?
例4：Was it during the Second World War that he died？
析：该句虽不以It was开头, 而以Was it开头, 是强调句型的一般疑问句形式。所以当被强调部分为时间状语时, 应用that 。
七、强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词+is /was it that…?(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词)
例5：Where was it that you found your lost pen？
析：该句虽以Where 开头, 但后边的was it仍说明该句使用的是强调句型, 被强调部分为特殊疑问词where, 表地点, 所以应使用that 。
八、强调句型中的is /was前面可用must /may /might等表推测的情态动词。
例6：It might be in this room that he met her.
析：该句It was的was 前面虽用might, 但该句仍然是强调句。
九、被强调部分为时间状语和地点状语时, 有可能先接定语从句, 再接强调句型, 应多加思考, 不能混用。
例7：It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.
10
析：该句的中心不是说明1949年10月1日他入党, 而是说1949年10月1日他被杀害,he joined the Party 是定语从句, 所以, 首先是when 引导的定语从句, 然后是that 强调句。
十、判断强调句型的使用是否正确的方法是将强调结构去掉, 如果去掉强调结构后的句子仍然正确, 强调句型就正确, 否则就不正确。
例8：It was six years ago that he went to Tokyo.
析：该句强调句型使用正确, 因为去掉强调结构后, 该句仍然是一正确句子。即：Six years ago he went to Tokyo.
It is …that 英语句型系列补充强化训练
1.--Where was＿＿＿＿＿＿you picked up the wallet﹖
--Just near the school gate.
A. it B. it that C. the place D. the place that
2. I must find out why＿＿＿＿＿＿so many students made the same mistake.
A. is it that B. was it which C. it is what D. it was that
3. How many years is it＿＿＿＿＿＿your sister came to work here﹖
A. after B. since C. before D. until
4. Is it in the factory＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last week＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿this kind of car is made ﹖
A. ／ thatB. where whenC. where thatD. ／ when
5. ＿＿＿＿It's a long time＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I saw you last.
--Yes and what a pity since it will be a long time＿＿＿＿＿＿we see each other again.
A. since before B. before since C. until after D. after until
6. It was because of bad weather＿＿＿＿＿＿the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
7.It was his remarks＿＿＿＿＿left me wondering about his real purpose.
A. which B. what C. where D. that
8. -- Was it in 1969＿＿＿＿＿＿the American astronaut succeeded＿＿＿＿＿＿landing on the moon ﹖
--- Quite right.
A. when on B. that on C. when in D. that in
9.It was not until 1920＿＿＿＿＿＿regular radio broadcasts began. NMET 95
A. while B. which C. that D. since
10. ＿＿＿＿＿＿is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. NMET 95
A. There B. This C. That D. It
11. ＿＿＿＿＿was in 1979＿＿＿＿＿I graduated from the university. NMET 98 上海
A. That that B. It that C .That when D. It when
12. It was for this reason＿＿＿＿＿＿her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. NMT 2001春, 上海
A. which B. why C. that D. how
13. It is the protection for the trees＿＿＿＿really matters rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that C.／D. which
14.-- Was that the new comer who walked by﹖＿＿＿＿＿.
A. It must be that B. It must have been C. He must be D. This must have been
15. Our classroom is very clean.Do you nowho＿＿cleanedit ﹖
A. was it that B. it was that C. was it who D.he was
16. Now then children. It's high time you＿＿＿＿＿＿and dressed.
A. washed B. should wash C. were washed D. are washed
17. ＿＿＿＿＿the people have become the master of their own country＿＿＿＿＿＿＿science can really serve the people.
A. It is only then；that B. It was that；when
C. It is only when；that D. It was when；then
18. It was＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.
A. ten years since B. many years ago that
C. five years until D. Two months when
key ：BDBAA DDDCD BCBBB CCB
强调结构(It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who...)由于其实用性强、易与其它句型结合、创新力度大而受到命题者的青睐。本文结合高考试题, 对强调结构的易考点进行归纳, 希望能帮助同学们攻克
这一语法现象。
一、 考查强调结构的基本形式
强调结构的基本形式是"It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who...",可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语等, 一般不能强调谓语动词。
[原题再现]
It is the ability to do the job ________ matters, not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案: B
二、 考查一般疑问句的强调结构
一般疑问句的强调结构句型为:Is / Was it + 被强调部分 + that / who...?
[原题再现]
Was ________ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. yourself
答案: A
三、考查特殊疑问句的强调结构
特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为:特殊疑问词( Who / What / When / Where / Why / How...)+is / was it that...? 例如:
Why was it that Li Lei came late again?
这类强调结构置于从句中时应使用陈述语序:
The question is who it is that we can trust.
[原题再现]
I have always been honest and straight-forward, and it doesn't matter ________ I'm talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
答案: B
四、 考查对not...until... 句式的强调
对not...until... 句式的强调有固定的句型, 即It is / was not until...that...。
[原题再现]
It was not ________ she took off her dark glasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
答案:B
五、 考查强调句型的反意疑问句及回答
强调句型的反意疑问句及回答应与It is / was... that...结构保持一致。
[原题再现]
- Wasn't it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?
- ________.
A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did
答案:B
六、考查强调结构与其它相似结构的区别
强调结构与其它含有it 的结构非常相似, 很容易混淆。区别的办法是去掉 It is / was... that ...结构后, 句子依然成立的是强调结构。
[原题再现]
It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
答案: D
一、强调结构的形式为“It is（was ）＋被强调部分＋that （who, whom）＋其它成分”。在这个句型中, It本身没有词义, 它只帮助改变句子结构, 使某一部分受到强调。如:
I saw him in the park yesterday.
It was I that／who saw him in the park yesterday. 昨天是我在公园看见他的。
It was him that／whom I saw in the park yesterday. 昨天我在公园看见的人是他。
It was in the park that I saw him yesterday. 昨天我是在公园看见他的。
It was yesterday that I saw him in the park. 我是昨天在公园看见他的。
二、使用此句型时应注意以下几点
1. 原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时, 用 It was... that... 。属于表现在的时态时, 用 It is... that... 。如:
It is the computer that is doing many jobs. 是计算机做了许多工作。
When was it that the Long March started? 长征是在何时开始的?
2. 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数, It 后的动词均用单数形式, 即 is 或 was 。如:
It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom. 打扫完教室的人是他们。
3. 被强调部分指人时, It is（was ）... 后用 who, whom 或that 均可; 指事物或情况时, 通常用 that （一般不用 when, where, which等）。如:
It was yesterday that he saw me in the park. （不可用 when ）
It is her whom you should ask. （还可用 who ／that ）
It was in the street that they quarreled. （不可用 where ）
4. 被强调部分如果是原句的主语, who／that 后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。如: It was they that were talking and laughing. 是他们又说又笑的啊。
5. 强调双宾语时, 无论是强调直接宾语还是间接宾语, 要根据适当情况加上介词 to 或 for 等。如: It was a new dictionary that Tom gave to me last night. （＝Tom gave me a new dictionary last night. ）汤姆昨晚给我的是一本新词典。
It was a red shirt that John bought for me as a birthday present. （＝John bought me a red shirt as a birthday present. ）作为生日礼物约翰送我的是一件红衬衫。
6. 对 not... until... 句型强调时, 要把 not 连同 until 短语或从句一起提前。如:
It was not until I spoke to him that he noticed me. （＝He didn't notice me until I spoke to him. ）直到我跟他说话他才注意到我。
7. 强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时, 要将疑问词置于句首, 句子结构仍是疑问句形式。如:
Where was it that you put the book? （＝Where did you put the book? ）你把书放在哪里了? Who was it that called me this morning? （＝Who called me this morning? ）今天早上是谁打电话给我的?
8. 此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以 because 引导的原因状语从句。但不能强调由 since 或 as 引导的原因状语从句, 也不能强调由although 和 whereas 引导的句子。如:
It was because he was ill that we decided to return home. 那是因为他生病了, 所以我们才决定回家的。
Was it in Beijing you first met him? （＝ Was it in Beijing that you first met him? ）你第一次见到他时是在北京吗?
What is it you want me to do? （＝What is it that you want me to do? ）你究竟要我做什么?
三、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况
1. 要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构, 方法是将 It is
（was ）... that 去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构, 反之则是主语从句。
试比较:
It was yesterday that he met her in the street. （＝Yesterday he met her in the street. ）是昨天他在街上碰见了她。（强调结构）
It was said that he met her in the street yesterday. （＝That he met her in the street yesterday was said. ）据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。（主语从句）
It is clearly that she speaks. （＝She speaks clearly. ）她说话吐字清楚。（强调结构）
It is clear that she has heard of it. （＝ That she has heard of it is clear. ）显然她已听说了这件事。（主语从句）
2. 要分清是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分句还是用作关系代词的定语从句中的that-（who-）分句。判断的方法还是将 It is（was ）... that去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分句, 反之则是用作关系代词的定语从句中的 that-（who-）分句。如: It is money that is most needed. （＝ Money is most needed. ）（强调结构中的 that ） It is the money that he returned me. （定语从句中的 that ）
强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：
1．用助动词“do（does ／did ）＋动词原形”来表示强调：
He does know the place well．他的确很熟悉这个地方。
Do write to me when you get there．你到那儿后务必给我来信。
2．用形容词very ，only ，single ，such 等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：
That's the very textbook we used last term．这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
You are the only person here who can speak Chinese．你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。
Not a single person has been in the shop this morni ng．今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。 How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？
3．用ever ，never ，very ，just 等副词和badly ，highly ，really 等带有－l y的副词来进行强调： Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？
He never said a word the whole day．一整天，他一句话也没说。
You've got to be very，very careful．你一定得非常、非常小心。
This is just what I wanted．这正是我所要的。
He was badly wounded．他伤得很严重。
I really don't know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。
4．用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）： Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？
What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？
Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？
5．用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：
How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！
Oh ，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！
6．用重复来表示强调：
Why ！why ！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。
They walked for miles and miles．他们走了好多英里。
7．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：
On the table were some flowers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）
Many a time have I climbed that hill．我多次翻过那座山。
Only in this way，can we solve this problem．只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。
8．用强调句型：“It is（was ）＋被强调的部分＋that （who ）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
It's me that he blamed．他怪的是我。
9．用If 来表示强调：
1）If 从句＋I don't know who／what ，etc ．does ／is ／has ，etc ．；主语部分也可以用nobody does／is ／has ，etc ．或everybody does／is ／has ，et c．来代替（这里的if 从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：
If he can't do it，I don't know who can．要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）
If Jim is a coward，everybody is．要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）
2）if 从句＋it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if 引导的从句中）：
If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom．如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。
If there is one thing he loves，it is money．如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。
10．用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：
It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work．那是因为艰苦的工作--十年艰苦的工作！ He began the work in late May．他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间） 1. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
2.when was it you called me yesterday?
A. until B. that C. then D. so
3. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
4. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
5. It is imagination makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. [2007 上海春]
A ．where B．what C．that D．when
6. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.
[2007 浙江卷]
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
7. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance. [2007 重庆卷]
A. which B. it C. that D. this
8.It was on 12 May,2008______the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.
A.since B.which C.that D.when.
9.It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_______?
A.wasn ’t it B.was it C.didn’t they D.did they
10.When asked to explain______made his lessons so exciting,the teache kept silent.
A.what it is that B.that what it is C.what is it that D.that what is it
Keys
1-5 ABDBC 6-10.DCCAA
1. Who was it ______ put so many large stones on the road?
A. this B. that
C. he D. she
2. What a silly mistake it is ______ you’ve made!
A. it B. this
C. that D. which
3. It was not until midnight ______ the noise of the street stopped.
A. that B. this
C. since D. at which
4. Was ______ that I met at the railway station the other day?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that you
5. It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as
C. that D. then
6. It may have been at Christmas ______ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who
C. that D. when
7. Why was ______ that the old woman was sent to prison?
A. he B. it
C. that D. because
8. It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since
C. that D. what
9. It was the boy ______ had been in prison ______ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how
C. who, that D. that, which
10. It might be I, who ______ caused the accident, who ______ to answer for it.
A. has, is B. have, are
C. has, am D. have, am
11. It was _____ I reached there _____ I began to know something about the matter.
A. until, when B. until, that
C. not until, that D. not when, that
12. It was _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
A. where, that B. where, when
C. that, where D. that, that
13. It was not until he came back ______ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which B. since
C. that D. before
14. It’s more than half a century ______ the People’s Republic of China was liberated.
A. when B. that
C. since D. after
15. It was not ______ you had explained how ______ I managed to do it.
A. for, that B. until, that
C. for, when D. until, when
【参考答案】
1—5 BCAAC
6—10 CBCCD
11—15 CACCB
强调句
所谓强调，就是通过某种手段把句子的一部分甚至整个句子所表达的信息加以
突出、强调。表示强调的手段很多：
1. 用“it引导”的强调句，又叫做分裂句（cleft sentence）。
2. 用what 引导一个假似分裂句，用以加强语气。
3. 用do 加强语气。
4. 变换副词的位置以加强副词本身的语气。
5. 用as/ though加强语气。
6. 把宾语、表语或状语放在句首，加强语气。
7. 把现在分词、过去分词或不定式放在句首，加强语气。
8. 将要加强语气的词重复使用。
9. 用-self 代词加强语气。
10. 用“附加短语”加强语气。
11. 形容词前加very 等。
12. 比较级前加a lot 等。
13. 最高级前加by far 等。
14. 否定意味的强调。
15. 加入短语，加强语气。
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子：It is (was) 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子
其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.（注
意不用when ）
强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
1
1. 强调结构的陈述式
强调结构的陈述式为“It is （was ） + 被强调部分 + that （who ）…”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that 或who 的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that 或who 均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that （注意不用which ）。如：It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。（强调in the office）
It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。（强调the children）
It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借钱给你，不借给其他人。（强调to you and not anyone）
It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。（强调only when you have your own children）
2. 一般疑问句的强调结构
一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be 提到句首，即使用“Is / Was it+ 被强调部分 + that / who…”。如：Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是汤米接的电话吗? Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits? 报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗？
3. 特殊疑问句的强调结构
特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词（Who / What / When / Where / Why / How）+is / was it that …”这样的形式。如：When was it that he got married? 他是什么时候结婚的? How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸? In which play of Shakespeare's is it that Viola appears? 维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗?
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强调句的结构是“It is / was +强调部分 + that / who-从句”，it 在句中作先行词，被强调 的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。这是it 的主要用法和考点之一。
一． 在强调句中，被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that 引导从句，而不能用which 引导, 而且通常不能省略。强调状语（从句）是历年高考中最主要的考点。例如（MET95）： It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
答案是C 。不能选B ，因为该句中被强调的部分是时间状语从句。
二． 被强调的是非人称主语或宾语时，现代英语既可用that 引导，也可用which 引导。例如（NMET2000）：
It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案是B ，其中that 也可换成which 。又如：
It is the sun that / which gives us light and heat. 是太阳给了我们光和热。
三． 被强调者为人时，引导词用who 或that 。例如（上海高考题95）：
Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
答案是A 。句中的引导词that 可换用who 。有时强调句以倒装（疑问句）形式出现，此时可用“还原法”加以辨别。必须注意的是，当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。例如：
It was I who discovered the secret first. 是我最先发现这个秘密的。
四． 对not …until 时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is / was not until… that-从句， 即not 和until 在强调句中总是紧挨着的。例如（MET92）：
It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
答案是B 。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when 引导。
五． 强调句和修饰时间及地点的定语从句的区别。比较下面两例：
Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronaut succeeded ____ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in (上海高考题94)
It was December26, 1893 ____ Mao Zedong was born in the common village.
A. when B. that C. which D. in which
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答案分别是D 和A 。前一句是强调句，因为被强调的部分in 1969是that 从句中一个完整的句子成分，改为非强调句后的句子是：The American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon in 1969。 而后一句的December 26, 1893不能成为从句的一个完整成分，所以不是强调句，而是定语从句，December 26, 1893是先行词。在强调句中，it 是先行词；在第二句中，it 作主语，指时间。
六． 被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be 动词都用单数，即is 或was 。例如： It ____ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案是B 。由于所叙述的是过去的事，不能用is 。
◆典型迷惑题分析◆
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【迷惑】此题容易误选D ，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。
【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B ，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance. ”
A. it that B. he that
C. it when D. he which
【迷惑】几个干扰项均可能误选。
【分析】答案选A ，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：
(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案选C ，被强调成分为 who ，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调
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句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。
(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案选C ，被强调成分为 what ，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully
C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A ，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。
【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B 。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：
(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
答案选C ，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。
(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案选C ，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能误选C ，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。
【分析】假若选C ，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的? ”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。
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其实，此题的最佳答案是A ，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的) ”，这样语意就通顺了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D) ，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案选C ，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案选B ，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。
6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that B. that, which
C. which, which D. that, where
【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。
【分析】答案选A ，第一空填 which ，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that ，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father) 。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：
(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how
C. who, that D. that, which
此题答案选C ，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in
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prison) 。
(2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.
A. where, which B. that, that
C. where, that D. which, that
此题答案选C ，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。
7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when B. that
C. which D. in which
【迷惑】容易误选B ，误认为这是强调句。
【分析】其实，此题应选A ，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is
[was]…that …，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out ，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock 前加上介词at 则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A 可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗? ”比较下面一题（答案选B ，为强调句）：
Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when B. that
C. which D. in which
8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where
C. which D. while
【迷惑】此题很容易误选A ，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】其实此题应选D 。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗? ”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A ，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。
9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.
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A. when B. that
C. since D. while
【迷惑】容易误选B ，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】假若选B ，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined …became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C ，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been) ，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。
10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as
C. that D. what
【迷惑】容易误选A ，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A 。
【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C ，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。
◆精编迷惑题训练◆
1. —Who are making so much noise in the garden?
—_______ the children.
A. It is B. They are
C. That is D. There are
2. It is _______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.
A. what; that B. that; what
C. that; that D. / ; that
3. It is the protection for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that
C. 不填 D. which
4. It is _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
A. where, that B. where, when
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C. that, where D. that, that
5. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that you
6. It was ten o’clock _____ he came back home.
A. when B. that
C. since D. after
7. It was not until he came back _____ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which B. since
C. that D. before
【答案与解析】
1. 选A 。为强调句型 It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。
2. 选C 。为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句 that he often fails in exams。
3. 选B 。为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少树”。
4. 选A ，整个句子为 it was … that … 格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that ；第一空填where ，where my father worked 为地点状语从句，为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作”。
5. 选A ，为强调句的一般疑问句形式，其相应陈述句为 It was you that I saw …。
6. 选A 。when 表示“当……的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为“当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。”
7. 选C 。为 He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not … until … 的强调句式通常为 It was not until … that … It is/was+...who/that强调句型使用频率很高, 高考也很注重对它的考查, 然而该句型结构复杂, 变化多样, 在实际使用过程中颇有难度。笔者认为使用强调句型时应注意下列十要素(本文前五个要素合并举例说明, 后五个要素分别举例说明)
一、如果强调句型指现在或未来情况用It is,指过去情况用It was。
二、被强调部分往往是句子的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语, 但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容, 如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、not until...、not only...but also...、...as well as...等结构。
三、被强调部分是人称代词时, 原句用什么格, 强调句也用什么格。
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四、被强调部分如果是主格人称代词时,who/that后的动词应和该主格人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。
五、关于强调词的选用, 强调人时可用who 或that ；如果不强调人一律用that 。此时绝不能和定语从句混淆, 被强调部分为时间状语、地点状语或者原因状语时不能误用when 、where 或why 。 例1：It was him who/that I saw the day before yesterday.
析：该句原句为：I saw him the day before yesterday.该句指过去情况, 所以强调句型应使用It was开头；被强调部分为原句宾语-宾格人称代词him, 所以强调句型仍用him 作被强调部分；被强调部分指人, 所以用who 或that 。
例2：It was in the street that I met him yesterday.
析：该句原句为：I met him in the street yesterday.该句仍指过去情况, 所以强调句型仍以It was开头, 被强调部分虽为地点状语, 但不能用where, 只能用that 。
例3：It was because he was seriously ill that he died.
析：该句原句为：He died because he was seriously ill.被强调部分为结构复杂的原因状语从句, 但不能用why, 只能用that 。
六、强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is /Was it…who ／that …?
例4：Was it during the Second World War that he died？
析：该句虽不以It was开头, 而以Was it开头, 是强调句型的一般疑问句形式。所以当被强调部分为时间状语时, 应用that 。
七、强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词+is /was it that…?(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词)
例5：Where was it that you found your lost pen？
析：该句虽以Where 开头, 但后边的was it仍说明该句使用的是强调句型, 被强调部分为特殊疑问词where, 表地点, 所以应使用that 。
八、强调句型中的is /was前面可用must /may /might等表推测的情态动词。
例6：It might be in this room that he met her.
析：该句It was的was 前面虽用might, 但该句仍然是强调句。
九、被强调部分为时间状语和地点状语时, 有可能先接定语从句, 再接强调句型, 应多加思考, 不能混用。
例7：It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.
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析：该句的中心不是说明1949年10月1日他入党, 而是说1949年10月1日他被杀害,he joined the Party 是定语从句, 所以, 首先是when 引导的定语从句, 然后是that 强调句。
十、判断强调句型的使用是否正确的方法是将强调结构去掉, 如果去掉强调结构后的句子仍然正确, 强调句型就正确, 否则就不正确。
例8：It was six years ago that he went to Tokyo.
析：该句强调句型使用正确, 因为去掉强调结构后, 该句仍然是一正确句子。即：Six years ago he went to Tokyo.
It is …that 英语句型系列补充强化训练
1.--Where was＿＿＿＿＿＿you picked up the wallet﹖
--Just near the school gate.
A. it B. it that C. the place D. the place that
2. I must find out why＿＿＿＿＿＿so many students made the same mistake.
A. is it that B. was it which C. it is what D. it was that
3. How many years is it＿＿＿＿＿＿your sister came to work here﹖
A. after B. since C. before D. until
4. Is it in the factory＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last week＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿this kind of car is made ﹖
A. ／ thatB. where whenC. where thatD. ／ when
5. ＿＿＿＿It's a long time＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I saw you last.
--Yes and what a pity since it will be a long time＿＿＿＿＿＿we see each other again.
A. since before B. before since C. until after D. after until
6. It was because of bad weather＿＿＿＿＿＿the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
7.It was his remarks＿＿＿＿＿left me wondering about his real purpose.
A. which B. what C. where D. that
8. -- Was it in 1969＿＿＿＿＿＿the American astronaut succeeded＿＿＿＿＿＿landing on the moon ﹖
--- Quite right.
A. when on B. that on C. when in D. that in
9.It was not until 1920＿＿＿＿＿＿regular radio broadcasts began. NMET 95
A. while B. which C. that D. since
10. ＿＿＿＿＿＿is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. NMET 95
A. There B. This C. That D. It
11. ＿＿＿＿＿was in 1979＿＿＿＿＿I graduated from the university. NMET 98 上海
A. That that B. It that C .That when D. It when
12. It was for this reason＿＿＿＿＿＿her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. NMT 2001春, 上海
A. which B. why C. that D. how
13. It is the protection for the trees＿＿＿＿really matters rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that C.／D. which
14.-- Was that the new comer who walked by﹖＿＿＿＿＿.
A. It must be that B. It must have been C. He must be D. This must have been
15. Our classroom is very clean.Do you nowho＿＿cleanedit ﹖
A. was it that B. it was that C. was it who D.he was
16. Now then children. It's high time you＿＿＿＿＿＿and dressed.
A. washed B. should wash C. were washed D. are washed
17. ＿＿＿＿＿the people have become the master of their own country＿＿＿＿＿＿＿science can really serve the people.
A. It is only then；that B. It was that；when
C. It is only when；that D. It was when；then
18. It was＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.
A. ten years since B. many years ago that
C. five years until D. Two months when
key ：BDBAA DDDCD BCBBB CCB
强调结构(It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who...)由于其实用性强、易与其它句型结合、创新力度大而受到命题者的青睐。本文结合高考试题, 对强调结构的易考点进行归纳, 希望能帮助同学们攻克
这一语法现象。
一、 考查强调结构的基本形式
强调结构的基本形式是"It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who...",可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语等, 一般不能强调谓语动词。
[原题再现]
It is the ability to do the job ________ matters, not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案: B
二、 考查一般疑问句的强调结构
一般疑问句的强调结构句型为:Is / Was it + 被强调部分 + that / who...?
[原题再现]
Was ________ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. yourself
答案: A
三、考查特殊疑问句的强调结构
特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为:特殊疑问词( Who / What / When / Where / Why / How...)+is / was it that...? 例如:
Why was it that Li Lei came late again?
这类强调结构置于从句中时应使用陈述语序:
The question is who it is that we can trust.
[原题再现]
I have always been honest and straight-forward, and it doesn't matter ________ I'm talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
答案: B
四、 考查对not...until... 句式的强调
对not...until... 句式的强调有固定的句型, 即It is / was not until...that...。
[原题再现]
It was not ________ she took off her dark glasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
答案:B
五、 考查强调句型的反意疑问句及回答
强调句型的反意疑问句及回答应与It is / was... that...结构保持一致。
[原题再现]
- Wasn't it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?
- ________.
A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did
答案:B
六、考查强调结构与其它相似结构的区别
强调结构与其它含有it 的结构非常相似, 很容易混淆。区别的办法是去掉 It is / was... that ...结构后, 句子依然成立的是强调结构。
[原题再现]
It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
答案: D
一、强调结构的形式为“It is（was ）＋被强调部分＋that （who, whom）＋其它成分”。在这个句型中, It本身没有词义, 它只帮助改变句子结构, 使某一部分受到强调。如:
I saw him in the park yesterday.
It was I that／who saw him in the park yesterday. 昨天是我在公园看见他的。
It was him that／whom I saw in the park yesterday. 昨天我在公园看见的人是他。
It was in the park that I saw him yesterday. 昨天我是在公园看见他的。
It was yesterday that I saw him in the park. 我是昨天在公园看见他的。
二、使用此句型时应注意以下几点
1. 原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时, 用 It was... that... 。属于表现在的时态时, 用 It is... that... 。如:
It is the computer that is doing many jobs. 是计算机做了许多工作。
When was it that the Long March started? 长征是在何时开始的?
2. 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数, It 后的动词均用单数形式, 即 is 或 was 。如:
It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom. 打扫完教室的人是他们。
3. 被强调部分指人时, It is（was ）... 后用 who, whom 或that 均可; 指事物或情况时, 通常用 that （一般不用 when, where, which等）。如:
It was yesterday that he saw me in the park. （不可用 when ）
It is her whom you should ask. （还可用 who ／that ）
It was in the street that they quarreled. （不可用 where ）
4. 被强调部分如果是原句的主语, who／that 后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。如: It was they that were talking and laughing. 是他们又说又笑的啊。
5. 强调双宾语时, 无论是强调直接宾语还是间接宾语, 要根据适当情况加上介词 to 或 for 等。如: It was a new dictionary that Tom gave to me last night. （＝Tom gave me a new dictionary last night. ）汤姆昨晚给我的是一本新词典。
It was a red shirt that John bought for me as a birthday present. （＝John bought me a red shirt as a birthday present. ）作为生日礼物约翰送我的是一件红衬衫。
6. 对 not... until... 句型强调时, 要把 not 连同 until 短语或从句一起提前。如:
It was not until I spoke to him that he noticed me. （＝He didn't notice me until I spoke to him. ）直到我跟他说话他才注意到我。
7. 强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时, 要将疑问词置于句首, 句子结构仍是疑问句形式。如:
Where was it that you put the book? （＝Where did you put the book? ）你把书放在哪里了? Who was it that called me this morning? （＝Who called me this morning? ）今天早上是谁打电话给我的?
8. 此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以 because 引导的原因状语从句。但不能强调由 since 或 as 引导的原因状语从句, 也不能强调由although 和 whereas 引导的句子。如:
It was because he was ill that we decided to return home. 那是因为他生病了, 所以我们才决定回家的。
Was it in Beijing you first met him? （＝ Was it in Beijing that you first met him? ）你第一次见到他时是在北京吗?
What is it you want me to do? （＝What is it that you want me to do? ）你究竟要我做什么?
三、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况
1. 要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构, 方法是将 It is
（was ）... that 去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构, 反之则是主语从句。
试比较:
It was yesterday that he met her in the street. （＝Yesterday he met her in the street. ）是昨天他在街上碰见了她。（强调结构）
It was said that he met her in the street yesterday. （＝That he met her in the street yesterday was said. ）据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。（主语从句）
It is clearly that she speaks. （＝She speaks clearly. ）她说话吐字清楚。（强调结构）
It is clear that she has heard of it. （＝ That she has heard of it is clear. ）显然她已听说了这件事。（主语从句）
2. 要分清是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分句还是用作关系代词的定语从句中的that-（who-）分句。判断的方法还是将 It is（was ）... that去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分句, 反之则是用作关系代词的定语从句中的 that-（who-）分句。如: It is money that is most needed. （＝ Money is most needed. ）（强调结构中的 that ） It is the money that he returned me. （定语从句中的 that ）
强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：
1．用助动词“do（does ／did ）＋动词原形”来表示强调：
He does know the place well．他的确很熟悉这个地方。
Do write to me when you get there．你到那儿后务必给我来信。
2．用形容词very ，only ，single ，such 等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：
That's the very textbook we used last term．这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
You are the only person here who can speak Chinese．你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。
Not a single person has been in the shop this morni ng．今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。 How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？
3．用ever ，never ，very ，just 等副词和badly ，highly ，really 等带有－l y的副词来进行强调： Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？
He never said a word the whole day．一整天，他一句话也没说。
You've got to be very，very careful．你一定得非常、非常小心。
This is just what I wanted．这正是我所要的。
He was badly wounded．他伤得很严重。
I really don't know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。
4．用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）： Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？
What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？
Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？
5．用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：
How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！
Oh ，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！
6．用重复来表示强调：
Why ！why ！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。
They walked for miles and miles．他们走了好多英里。
7．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：
On the table were some flowers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）
Many a time have I climbed that hill．我多次翻过那座山。
Only in this way，can we solve this problem．只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。
8．用强调句型：“It is（was ）＋被强调的部分＋that （who ）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
It's me that he blamed．他怪的是我。
9．用If 来表示强调：
1）If 从句＋I don't know who／what ，etc ．does ／is ／has ，etc ．；主语部分也可以用nobody does／is ／has ，etc ．或everybody does／is ／has ，et c．来代替（这里的if 从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：
If he can't do it，I don't know who can．要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）
If Jim is a coward，everybody is．要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）
2）if 从句＋it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if 引导的从句中）：
If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom．如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。
If there is one thing he loves，it is money．如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。
10．用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：
It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work．那是因为艰苦的工作--十年艰苦的工作！ He began the work in late May．他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间） 1. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
2.when was it you called me yesterday?
A. until B. that C. then D. so
3. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
4. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
5. It is imagination makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. [2007 上海春]
A ．where B．what C．that D．when
6. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.
[2007 浙江卷]
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
7. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance. [2007 重庆卷]
A. which B. it C. that D. this
8.It was on 12 May,2008______the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.
A.since B.which C.that D.when.
9.It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_______?
A.wasn ’t it B.was it C.didn’t they D.did they
10.When asked to explain______made his lessons so exciting,the teache kept silent.
A.what it is that B.that what it is C.what is it that D.that what is it
Keys
1-5 ABDBC 6-10.DCCAA
1. Who was it ______ put so many large stones on the road?
A. this B. that
C. he D. she
2. What a silly mistake it is ______ you’ve made!
A. it B. this
C. that D. which
3. It was not until midnight ______ the noise of the street stopped.
A. that B. this
C. since D. at which
4. Was ______ that I met at the railway station the other day?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that you
5. It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as
C. that D. then
6. It may have been at Christmas ______ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who
C. that D. when
7. Why was ______ that the old woman was sent to prison?
A. he B. it
C. that D. because
8. It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since
C. that D. what
9. It was the boy ______ had been in prison ______ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how
C. who, that D. that, which
10. It might be I, who ______ caused the accident, who ______ to answer for it.
A. has, is B. have, are
C. has, am D. have, am
11. It was _____ I reached there _____ I began to know something about the matter.
A. until, when B. until, that
C. not until, that D. not when, that
12. It was _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
A. where, that B. where, when
C. that, where D. that, that
13. It was not until he came back ______ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which B. since
C. that D. before
14. It’s more than half a century ______ the People’s Republic of China was liberated.
A. when B. that
C. since D. after
15. It was not ______ you had explained how ______ I managed to do it.
A. for, that B. until, that
C. for, when D. until, when
【参考答案】
1—5 BCAAC
6—10 CBCCD
11—15 CACCB