虚拟语气用法小结
白杨林
河南省社旗县第二高级中学
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的事或话不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望，怀疑或推测。它主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句中。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
虚拟语气常用在条件句中，表假设的情况与事实相反或不太可能实现，这种句子称为虚拟条件句。可分为下列几种情况：
If I were you,I should study hard.如:If you （一）由if 引导虚拟条件句。如：
had come here,you could have met my brother.这种句子的谓语动词一般分三种情况：
1、假设的条件与现在的事实相反，主从句的谓语动词应为：If 主+动词过去式或were…，主+would/should/could/might+V、（原形）（主句中should 一般只用于第1人称）。如：If it were not for the smowy weather ,we would be all right.
例1、If I you,I would go with him to the party.
A 、was 、were C 、had been D 、will be
析：该句为if 引导的条件句，从主语谓语看“would go”（是与现在事实相反），套用上边句型，从句谓语应为动词过去式，若是be 动词应为were ，所以该题答案应为B 。
2、假设的条件与过去事实相反，其句子结构应为：If+主+had done…，主+would/could/should/mi ght+have done…
例2、 more careful,his ship would not have sunk.
A 、If the captain were Had the captain been
C 、Should the captain be D、If the captain would have been
析：该题题干部分有一谓语动词为would not have sunk，由此可知是对过去事情的虚拟，便可推出从句的谓语动词应为had done形式，再看选项，含
有had done的只有B ，该题正确答案即是B 。（当if 引导的虚拟条件中有were,had,should 时，可省略if ，把were,had,should 提到主语之前）。
3、与将来的事实相反或对将来的推测
从句动词用动词过去式或were to+v（原）或should+v（原），主句用would/should/could/might+v（原）如：
If there were to be meeting this tvening,I would come.如果今晚没有会议的话，我就来。
例3、If it tomorrow,we would have to put off the sport meet. A 、were rain B 、should rain C 、would rain D、will rain
析：根据语境中的tomorrow ，可知是表将来的条件句谓语可用did/werre to/should do，主句用would do根据所给选项只有B 项正确。
（二）由介词without,but for等构成的短语所表示的虚拟条件如：But for the air(=If there were no air),no life on earth could have been developed.如果没有空气，地球上就不可能产生任何生命。
（三）通过上下文体现虚拟条件，句子往往有but,other wise,unfortunately等类似转折词。如：He would gain weight but he doesn't eat enough.（=If he ate much,he would gain weight.）他本可以增加体重，但他吃得不够多。
She ran,othervvise she would have missed her bus.（=If she had not run,she would have missed her bus.）她要是不跑，就错过了这趟公共汽车了。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
（一）在wish 后的宾语从句中，表示一种愿望，此时that 常省略，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，分三种情况：
1、I wish 宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，从句中谓语用动词过去式或。如：I were with her now.
2、宾语从句表示与过去事实相反，则用“had+过去分词”。
如：I wish I had not failed in the last exam.
3、宾从表示与将来事实或不确定的将来事实相反用
would/should/could/might+v（原）。
如："I wish you would help me to put these things away,"he said. 2、在表建议要求，命令、主张等动词如suggest(建议)advise request,demand ,order, command等词后的宾语从句中，谓语要用虚拟语气，其结构是should+v原 shoudl 可省。如：I suggest that you (should) go home as soon as possible.
3、用在表语从句和同位语从句中。
如果含有表建议、命令、请求、愿望等词的相应名词如：
suggestion,advice,order,insistance 作主语则表从用should+v（原）should 可省，若它们后跟同位语从句也用should+v（原）如：
Your suggestion that I(should)go abroad is right.
His suggestion is that we(should)have the meeting now.
4、用在would rather,had rather等后的宾从中谓语动词应用过去时或过去完成时。如：
I would rather you were not here.
I'd rather you had been present.我宁愿你当时在场。
5、用在It is important/mecessary/…或It's a pity等结构中的主语从句中。如：It is important that the TOEFL office(should) confirm your registration.
三、用于其它从句中的虚拟语气
1、在as if/as though从句表不可实现的事。如：
I love her as if/though she were my daughter.
2、It is(high)time that主+ v过去式/should+v原。如：
It is time that the government took/should take measures to proteet the race birds and animals.
3、for fear that主+should+v原。如：
He is working hard for fear that he should fall behind.
4、用在If only句型中，意思是“要是…就好了”。如：
Look at the terrible situation I am in!
If only I had follwed your advice.
虚拟语气用法小结
白杨林
河南省社旗县第二高级中学
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的事或话不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望，怀疑或推测。它主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句中。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
虚拟语气常用在条件句中，表假设的情况与事实相反或不太可能实现，这种句子称为虚拟条件句。可分为下列几种情况：
If I were you,I should study hard.如:If you （一）由if 引导虚拟条件句。如：
had come here,you could have met my brother.这种句子的谓语动词一般分三种情况：
1、假设的条件与现在的事实相反，主从句的谓语动词应为：If 主+动词过去式或were…，主+would/should/could/might+V、（原形）（主句中should 一般只用于第1人称）。如：If it were not for the smowy weather ,we would be all right.
例1、If I you,I would go with him to the party.
A 、was 、were C 、had been D 、will be
析：该句为if 引导的条件句，从主语谓语看“would go”（是与现在事实相反），套用上边句型，从句谓语应为动词过去式，若是be 动词应为were ，所以该题答案应为B 。
2、假设的条件与过去事实相反，其句子结构应为：If+主+had done…，主+would/could/should/mi ght+have done…
例2、 more careful,his ship would not have sunk.
A 、If the captain were Had the captain been
C 、Should the captain be D、If the captain would have been
析：该题题干部分有一谓语动词为would not have sunk，由此可知是对过去事情的虚拟，便可推出从句的谓语动词应为had done形式，再看选项，含
有had done的只有B ，该题正确答案即是B 。（当if 引导的虚拟条件中有were,had,should 时，可省略if ，把were,had,should 提到主语之前）。
3、与将来的事实相反或对将来的推测
从句动词用动词过去式或were to+v（原）或should+v（原），主句用would/should/could/might+v（原）如：
If there were to be meeting this tvening,I would come.如果今晚没有会议的话，我就来。
例3、If it tomorrow,we would have to put off the sport meet. A 、were rain B 、should rain C 、would rain D、will rain
析：根据语境中的tomorrow ，可知是表将来的条件句谓语可用did/werre to/should do，主句用would do根据所给选项只有B 项正确。
（二）由介词without,but for等构成的短语所表示的虚拟条件如：But for the air(=If there were no air),no life on earth could have been developed.如果没有空气，地球上就不可能产生任何生命。
（三）通过上下文体现虚拟条件，句子往往有but,other wise,unfortunately等类似转折词。如：He would gain weight but he doesn't eat enough.（=If he ate much,he would gain weight.）他本可以增加体重，但他吃得不够多。
She ran,othervvise she would have missed her bus.（=If she had not run,she would have missed her bus.）她要是不跑，就错过了这趟公共汽车了。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
（一）在wish 后的宾语从句中，表示一种愿望，此时that 常省略，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，分三种情况：
1、I wish 宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，从句中谓语用动词过去式或。如：I were with her now.
2、宾语从句表示与过去事实相反，则用“had+过去分词”。
如：I wish I had not failed in the last exam.
3、宾从表示与将来事实或不确定的将来事实相反用
would/should/could/might+v（原）。
如："I wish you would help me to put these things away,"he said. 2、在表建议要求，命令、主张等动词如suggest(建议)advise request,demand ,order, command等词后的宾语从句中，谓语要用虚拟语气，其结构是should+v原 shoudl 可省。如：I suggest that you (should) go home as soon as possible.
3、用在表语从句和同位语从句中。
如果含有表建议、命令、请求、愿望等词的相应名词如：
suggestion,advice,order,insistance 作主语则表从用should+v（原）should 可省，若它们后跟同位语从句也用should+v（原）如：
Your suggestion that I(should)go abroad is right.
His suggestion is that we(should)have the meeting now.
4、用在would rather,had rather等后的宾从中谓语动词应用过去时或过去完成时。如：
I would rather you were not here.
I'd rather you had been present.我宁愿你当时在场。
5、用在It is important/mecessary/…或It's a pity等结构中的主语从句中。如：It is important that the TOEFL office(should) confirm your registration.
三、用于其它从句中的虚拟语气
1、在as if/as though从句表不可实现的事。如：
I love her as if/though she were my daughter.
2、It is(high)time that主+ v过去式/should+v原。如：
It is time that the government took/should take measures to proteet the race birds and animals.
3、for fear that主+should+v原。如：
He is working hard for fear that he should fall behind.
4、用在If only句型中，意思是“要是…就好了”。如：
Look at the terrible situation I am in!
If only I had follwed your advice.