翻译常见问题和应对政策

翻译常见问题和应对政策

1.理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。

2.理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。

表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。

加强句法和和词汇基础,持之以恒。

翻译标准方法步骤

1.标准:准确、通顺、完整。

2.方法:以直译为主适当意译。

3.步骤:

通读全句,准确理解。

分析成分,划分意群。

选择词义,贴切表达。

适当调整,书写译文。

定语从句与同位语从句的区别:

1.定语从句先行词可以是任何名词,而同位语从句先行词相当有限,例如:conclusion ,fact ,news ,idea ,belief ,message。

2.同位语从句中 that 不在从句中充当任何成分,定语从句 that 充当一定句子成分。

3.同位语翻译可采用解释法,即先行词后+“ I ”。

强调结构:还原强调部分,直接翻译。

定语

1.分词短语作定语 2.不定式作定语3.介词短语作定语4.形容词做定

上述成分做定语时,一般来说,应把定语翻译在中心词前面。 比较结构

1. as|、、、as、、、

2. not so A as、、、B

3. rather A,than B 与其说B,不如说A

4. less A,more B 与其说A,不如说B

并列结构

两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标记或标点符号连接,如: and ,or ,but ,both and ,neither nor ,not but ,not only、、、but also、、、 等。

否定结构

1.部分否定:若否定句中出 all,both,every,each 等类似词语,则表部分否定。

2.形状否定:

例如: His contribution can not be exaggerated. 他的贡献极大。

You can never be careful enough. 你必须多加小心。

3.形式肯定,内容否定

He is anything but/except a scholar. 他绝不是一个学者。 Swimming here is far from/not at all dangerous. 在此游泳毫无危险。

He is the last person I want to meet. 他是我最不想见的人。 形式主语

翻译方法固定,可当作短语直接翻译在句子最前面。

It is reported that 据报道

It is estimated that 据估计

It is conjectured that 据推测

It must be admitted tha t 必须承认

It can not be denied that/There is no denying that 不可否认 It can be said without fear of/exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说

翻译练习安排

1.时间以每天30分钟为宜。

2.借用英英字典养成良好的英文思维习惯。

3.坚持每天练习。

3-5分钟做翻译(卡表做)

8-12分钟调整译文,结合词典、语法书对照答案。

4.可以每天做阅读中的难句一句。

以上部分是笔者给同学们关于翻译部分准备的一点建议。当然,学好翻译的最佳途径依然是要靠大量积累并不断努力,把功夫下到平时,终将水到渠成。

网络: the net / the Internet / the web / the virtual world /

the electronic world / the cyber world

地球: earth / the Planet earth / our Mother Planet / global village

电脑: the computer / the machine / the device

校园: the campus / the Ivory Tower / the relatively isolated place

社会: the society / the real world

中国: China / the Middle Kingdom / this ancient country 随着...的发展: As... evolves

...变的越来越重要.. is becoming increasingly vital

...变的越来越普遍.. is becoming increasingly prevalent 人们对...越来越重视 People have a growing respect for sth.

人们重视/看中/珍爱某物 place a high value on sth. 增强竞争力 sharpen one's edge

使某人具有优势力 give sb. the edge

...很重要 is vital / crucial / essential

起...重要作用 play a central role in

观点类:

对...有好处 ... pays off / it pays to .. / sth. is beneficial (rewarding)

对...有坏处... have a negative impact on / do harm

(damage) to sth.

好 top / superior students / favorable impact / positive impression

坏 poor / inferior quality / faulty goods / negative impression

促进/提高/增强/改善 give a boost to

一、基本概况

1.四级完型填空阅读量小,无生僻词汇,技术上不难,并有极强的规律可循。

2.文章一般240—280字,形式完整,主题明确。总分结构明显。 *总述一般揭示中心主线。中心主线聚集主题,有极强导向性,表达作者态度的倾向性。首句往往不会出题。

*分述是总述的展开,往往会有大排比句应用于全文,段落或意群。

3.做题原则:定位查找线索,即与未知信息相关联的已知信息。 *线索分布在句子内部、上下句中或整个段落、意群、文章。 *一个未知信息受多个线索的控制。

*切忌不能鼠目寸光,凭语法+词义选择;应胸怀大局,瞻前顾后。

4.测试点

*阅读理解(精读)能力

文章整体的把握和理解

上下问之间的逻辑关系

句子内部结构、意义

*英语知识应用

语法

固定搭配

词汇辨析使用

5.新趋势

字数有所增多,但不足为惧。

题材由科普向社科类转变。

复杂句、卡难句肯定会出现。应做专项训练。

二、完型做题程序

1.整体通读,抓住中心主线 2-3分钟

重点是首段的首两句。

注意段首句。

分述中查找一组重点词汇、句子,与总述相对照。

2.按段精读、理解、分析、做题。

3.Review,最好在做完大阅读之后。

三、完型上下文常见逻辑关系反对应连接词

1.并列关系

and ,and so ,or ,neither nor ,either or ,likewise ,similarly , equally , in the same way , that is to say.

2.递进关系

then , besides ,in addition ,additionally ,moreover , what is more , further more.

3.因果关系

because , for , since , as , thus , hence , therefore , so , so that , consequently , accordingly , as aresult.

4.让步关系

although , though , even though , even if , despite , inspite of , nevertheless (尽管如此)

四、动词的切入点(相关线索)

1.主谓搭配合适性

注意主语是人是物

2.及物动词做谓语时,看动宾搭配是否合适

物理性与抽象性应一致

褒贬一致

语气一致:完型是完整的文章不能调侃。

3.介词与动词的搭配

4.及物与不及物

5.副词、形容词能否修饰。

五、形容词的切入点

形容词起修饰作用,一定要有被修饰成分。两者之间必须具有同属性,且褒贬不能错位。

1.作表语时,看清主语是人是物,注意两者能否搭配。

2.adj+n:则n是切入点,同时应注意adj是否与中心主线吻合。

3.adj+从句:n一般为抽象性名词很难理解,而定语从句一般不会

出题,可作为线索。

4.若为同现,则看导向,选择与中心主线保持一致的。

5.若adj出现在总述中,答案可去分述中找。

6.adv+adj,绝不能放过adv。

六、名词的切入点

1.n作主语,看主谓搭配。

2.n作宾语,看动宾搭配。

3.介词+n,看介词。

4.adj+n,由形容词猜名词。

5.名词+定语从句,答案由定语从句得出。

6.专业术语。

七、副词切入点

与被修饰成分同质且褒贬一致。

注意:以上切入点都是对选项是实询而言的。原因在于完型主要考查实询的用法。

八、七大通用解题方法

1.无关词排除发:排除与中心主张无关的选项

2.对应成分分析法

应用于句子内部对应成分和两句话之间的对应成分,分析其内在逻辑关系。

3.同现

一组同倾向的词语经常为选项。

4.关联成分

有些实词未知信息与已知信息语法地位相等,且存在密切的联系度。 方法:抓住相近成分。选择一个与已知成分最相近的选项。

5.总分结构对照方法

若选项出现在总述中,而在所在句中找不到线索,应去对应的分述中找线索。线索往往离得很远,但一定能找到。

6.复现

同样的意思在文章不同地方重复出现。

*在完全看懂句子前提下,确定是复现关系,则四个选项中某个在原文中能找到的词即为选项。

*也可以用不同的词来表达相同的意思。

7.时间线索

把握文章脉络,主线清晰,顺序明了,一条时间主线贯穿全文。

大学英语四级考试短期冲刺高分的绝招

如果你的目标不是冲刺满分,而是在尽可能短的时间里尽可能提高成绩,那么以下的这些我们在教学和培训中的经验技巧相信对你都会很有借鉴意义的!

单词——现在背也不晚

在接下来这段时间性里,如果你用一周左右的时间每天花出一段

固定的时间来大量地强攻单词(主要应是那些在四级考纲中而不在高中考试范围内的四级“高难词”),这样你的收获的不仅是阅读和听力的提高,更重要的是对自己的信心!当然这时候背单词,认识它就行了,不必知道它怎么拼写,因为即使我们知道了四级新词的意思,把它用在作文中的可能还是很小。另外有几个针对四级阅读的单词非常重要,大家一定要注意:positive(肯定的),negative(否定的),neutral (中立的),indifferent (漠不关心的),optimistic (乐观的),pessimistic (悲观的),这几个表明作者态度的词经常在阅读理解题的选项中出。

听力——反复听真题

要想在短时间内提高听力,最好的办法就是多听。在这不到一个月的时间里,不用听太多的辅导材料,找来历年真题的听力,反复听,把握出题的思路和录音的语速、语调。

尽力培养英语思维如果你在听听力时习惯于将每个单词和句子翻译成汉语,这既浪费时间,也影响理解,因为两种语言的结构和思维不尽相同,在短暂的15秒钟内,既要听,又要理解、翻译,还要进行综合判断,很不容易做到,弄不好会影响以后的听力理解。最好的办法是逐渐培养用英语思维,不但可以节约时间还可以提高理解力。

尝试听前预测四级听力理解从开始播放题头音乐到正式开始做题之前,大约有2分钟的时间。因此,大家可以充分利用这段时间去阅读试卷上各题的选择项,尽量争取在这2分钟内多看几道题的选项,这样就可以做到听前预测。当然在听的时候也要避免因为过分注重每个单词而影响对全篇中心思想的理解。听前预测还要有一定的客观依据,即话题所使用的词语的范围,这种内容越具体范围就越窄。这样我们就可以通过阅读选项推测听力材料可能涉及到什么题材和它的内容。

力求快速标出答案如果遇到难题,要当机立断,千万不要在一道题上花太多的时间。尽量余下几秒时间以便浏览下一题的选择项。通过再次浏览,我们基本上可以预测出所提问题的大致方向,从而可使自己在听力测试中处于主动地位。

阅读——拿高分的好方法

我现在总结出一条超级简单的阅读得高分的办法:

快速阅读文章速度大约为200字/分钟。重点是掌握文章大意及每一段大概讲什么。因此,第一段和每一段的首句要仔细阅读。 做题不要凭印象本找的关键是每一道题必须回到原文中找到出

处-也就是能够证明这道题正确答案的部分,千万不要凭印象,凭经验。

不用花时间复查有人要说,你这个“老办法”太老了,根本无用。请注意,以前我亦有同感,但是当我不折不扣的照此执行,发现效果其佳。一般40分的阅读理解,32分不成问题,所以也建议你不妨一试。

备注:当然这只是一种技巧,词汇量和阅读技能始终是阅读得高分的关键。主要从以下几个方面着手:

1、词汇方面

选项的语义辨析语义辨析主要集中在实词(名词,动词,形容词和副词),选项往往以同义词,近义词,反义词或形近易混词的形式出现。固定搭配固定搭配以动词,形容词与副词,介词构成的词组居多,这些词组出现在完形填空中,主要以副词和介词为考点。

2、语法方面

定语从句主要考连接词,限定与非限定定语从句的区别,定语从句的判别(区分定语从句与其它主从复合句)。非谓语动词(动词不定

式,现在分词,过去分词,动名词)。逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)在句法上不是主谓关系,但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系。

句型句式包括区别简单句,并列句,对称结构或省略,倒装及割裂的复杂句子。词类之间的搭配要求如名词需要形容词,名词,冠词,非谓语动词,词组及定语从句修饰;动词需要副词词组修饰;及物动词后应加宾语等。

3、语篇方面

语境语境就是我们平常所说的上下文,广义的语境指所有的上下文,段与段之间,句子与句子之间,句子与段之间的语义关系。狭义的语境指句子内部的词语之间在语义上的联系。一切语义的理解都离不开语境。

句际之间的逻辑关系完形填空中,句际之间的逻辑关系主要包括:并列关系(连接词有and, while等);转折关系(连接词有but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless等);因果关系(连接词有so,therefore, thus, because, for, since, as等);让步关系(连接词有though, although, despite, in spite of等);条件关系(连接词有if, unless, once, provided that,

in case (of)等);解释关系(连接词有i.e., that is to say, in other words等);顺序关系(连接词有before, after, and, first, second, then, next, finally等)

很多人都认为那些身处象牙塔的大学生们过得很安逸,其实不然。他们每天也要面临着很多压力:高额学费带来的经济压力,父母要求过高所带来的精神压力„

College Pressure

I see two kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure. It is easy to look around for rebels — to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the parents for pushing them too far. But there are no rebels, only victims.

The pressure is heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know incalculable students whose inquiring minds cheer me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I don’t know if they are getting A or C, and I don’t care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax, but they can’t.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to increase to 5, 000 in loans after graduation.Encouraged at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning①?

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply integrated.

Poor students! They are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean well: they are trying to steer their sons and daughters toward a secure future. But the sons and daughters want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field.

Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by an

indirect route, to their surprise, after many roundabout ways. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not preplanned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail. [391 words]

行文点评

本文脉络清晰。第一段第一句直接点题,提出大学生面临的两种压力:economic pressure和 parental pressure。段末“victims”一词的运用,奠定了本文的感情基调:作者对大学生担负的压力感到同情。

第二段和第三段中分析了大学生在经济上面临压力的原因。第四段是过渡段。第五段阐述了父母的压力对大学生的影响,用一个感叹句开头,具有烘托感情的效果,充分表达了作者对大学生的同情。最后一段排比句的应用从相反的方面描述,更把大学生所遭受的压力凸显出来。

好文妙译

大学生的压力

我发觉今天的大学生有两种压力:经济压力和来自父母的压力。环顾四周,你很容易发现一些叛逆者,他们指责学校收费太高,报怨父母对他们的要求过高。但他们不是叛逆者,而是受害者。

对于那些只想从大学毕业并且找到一个工作的人来说,压力是很大的。如果我是雇主,我宁愿雇佣那些有好奇心的博学之才而不是那

些只选一些容易过的且能达高分的课程的学生。我认识无数学生,他们的好奇之心使我兴奋不已。我喜欢听他们阐述自己的观点。我不知道他们得的是A还是C,我不在乎这些。我也同样喜欢他们所散发出来的人性魅力。国家需要他们,他们也会找到自己满意的工作。我告诉他们要放松,但他们做不到。

但我也不能责怪他们,因为他们生活在残酷的经济时代。今天对一个学生来说,即使他在念书时兼职打工,在暑假全职工作,在毕业后欠下5000美元的债务也是很平常的。在毕业典礼上他们被告知即将踏入社会,而事实上,在踏入社会之际他已落后于他人了。为了面对这个清算日,他们在大学生活中怎会感受不到压力呢?

与经济压力同时存在的还有来自父母的压力,这两者不可避免地融合在一起。

可怜的学生们!他们被古老的爱、责任、负疚感所包围。父母们本意是好的,他们正把自己的儿女引向一个安全的未来。但这些孩子却想主修历史、古典文学、哲学这些没有“现实”价值的专业。学人文科学的报偿在何处呢?要说服父母相信人文科学有所报偿并不容易。由学习历史和古典文学所培养出来的能力正是商业及其他一般领域有创造力的领导人所必备的能力。

幸运的是,许多学生几经曲折终于到达他们自己的领域,对此他们感到吃惊。因为他们很难想象可以从事一项未经事先计划的事业,很难想象上帝之手或者机缘能把他们推到未曾预见到的人生轨道上来。

词汇斟酌

rebel n.反叛分子,反对者

victim n.牺牲品,受害者

curiosity n.好奇(心)

brutala.残忍的,无情的,冷酷的

commencement n.①开始②毕业典礼,学位授予典礼 reckoning n.结算,清算

inevitably ad.不可避免地

steer vt.引导

faculty n.能力,技能,天赋

roundabout a.绕道的,绕圈子的

conceive vi.(of)构想出,设想

nudge vt.用肘轻推,推进

佳句临摹

①【注释】a day of reckoning 得到惩罚的日子

【临摹】You’re enjoying yourself now, but a day of reckoning will come.别看你现在逍遥,将来会遭报应的。 思如泉涌

No sweet without sweat. 先苦后甜。

Pain past is pleasure. 过去的痛苦就是快乐。

妙手空空 选择填空--新四级选择高分攻略

妙手空空 选择填空——新四级新题之一

根据2006年六月最新的四级考试,新题型除了增加“快速阅读”,传统的阅读(仔细阅读)也被分成两个部分。一是选词填空;二是常规阅读(也就是传统上的我们最熟悉的四选一)。选词填空是新鲜玩意儿,看看究竟葫芦里卖的什么药,又当如何应对。

I.考点分析:妙手空空术

简要交代一要考试形式:与传统考题的完形相似,但十个空格有A到O十五个选项,要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。

选词填空,当然要考词汇。但比之以往专门的词汇题不同的是,它是更完全的更高层次的考察;与此前传统阅读理解里的“词汇题”相比,只是后者的一个扩展,实质并无不同。它们所考察的,都是在篇章中对词汇的把握。其实也就是:遇到生词怎么办?有句子,有文章,你搞定给我看!再直白一点:考的就是在上下文中猜测词义的能力——妙手空空!

所以这种考察不是莫名其妙的,而是为了纠正我们词汇学习中的一大误区:只知背,不会猜。从来都不乏这样一个似乎天经地义的观念:不认识单词,怎么懂得句子?而真相往往是:抓住了句子文章的要点,单词不在话下。这些要点是什么?我们一边讲解题方法,一边体会。 II.解题方法

一、尽量辨性

把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。

1.动词还要两分,那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词,就是

-ing, -ed, to do型的,其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性,无法确定的要先打问号。

2.记不得的,看后缀。有构词法中,前缀管意思,后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴,往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件“英语后缀”。

3.分不出的,词性不一定无法确定的,暂时搁置,不必赌气誓死纠缠,结果可能把自己缠死。

4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。

以真题为例,其选项如下:

A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical;F) phenomenon;G) stable;H) attraction;I) completely;J) destructive;K) starvation;L) bringing;M) exhaustion;N) worth;O) strike

名词:B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀) 谓语动词:A,D,O(-ate极可能是动词,fy为动词后缀)

非谓语动词:L(-ing结尾)

形容词:E, G, J, N(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀) 副词:C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)

注意:所谓的“尽量辨性”一是要穷尽一切办法,不要说不认识就拉倒。即使从没见过,也想办法看能否判断其词性,这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量辨了就行,不一定每个都能辨出来。词的性质并不总是固定的,有些不认识的又没其它办法,

可先搁置,不要过度纠缠。

二、灵活求解

将选项分类之后,就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个,第一是词性,第二才是词义。所以在读文章时,要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。

1.确定词性,确定在选项中的选择范围

1)关于动词的判断

l 前后都是名词短语,中间是动词

l 根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则,其它地方如无谓语动词,则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but..(will后面必然是原形动词,一起构成谓语) Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be,是非谓语动词,故空格必为谓语动词;且空格前后均为名词性,也基本确定它是动词。)

l 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号,后面一般是非谓语动词短语。 The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. (前面是一个完整的句子,逗号后跟的,一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个,故直选之。)

2)其它词的判断

l 形容词或名词修饰名词,限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. (这个/种奇怪的?,当然要一个名词了)

The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.(严重的?风暴,可能是形容词,也可能是名词) El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语,自然是形容词。)

l 副词修饰形容词或动词

„, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词) l 谓语动词前有名词主语

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是谓语动词,也可知前面为名词短语,缺一个核心名词。) l 介词后面必有名词

As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

(在介词in的后面,当为名词无疑,注意要搞清楚,in有多种意义,此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少,当为在某个方面减少。)

二、句里句外,猜测词义

一看搭配:主谓宾、主系表与修饰

词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰,与谁形成

主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个,灵活处之。

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

Strange修饰47,也许看不出来是什么,再看47与happen形成主谓关系,能够发生的是什么?最好的当然是现象。

二看逻辑:

1.句内(状语从句,解释,并列等)

As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

此句有一个状语从句,as表示的时间或因果关系,是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少,温度就下降,当然是风的速度或风力。

So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51. 空格与前面两个名词并列,意味着意思相类。与干旱、收成不好一家的,很容易选出starvation饥荒.

2.前文(指代等、句间连词)

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

This告诉我们,此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。

表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。

与this一大类的还有:This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。

还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词,或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。 递进:Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/in addition/even/also

转折:however/but/rather/instead

因果:therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence

3.后文(总分)

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 段落开始部分,提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气,后面一句就交代得十分清楚。 三看习惯用法:固定搭配

Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词,但可用?worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。

III.总结

选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力,其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义,从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。

先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类,分不出的可先模糊处理。

再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置,它的周边环境。

有时甚至需要跳出此句,看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找;而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。 附一:四级常用后缀

1. 名词后缀

1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor

2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience

4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,

5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,

6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom

7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood

8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship

14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)

16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),

17-grapy, 表示"„„学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

18)-ic, ics, 表示"„„学„„法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

19)-ology, 表示"„„学„„论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

20)-nomy, 表示"„„学„„术" astronomy, economy,

bionomy(生态学)

2. 形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible

2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)

3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive

4)-like, manlike, childlike

5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

6)-some, troublesome, handsome

7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

9)-ent, violent

10)-most, foremost, topmost

(11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless

3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,„„化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy, 表示"使„„化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示“成为„„,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副词后缀

(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地

-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地

-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地

附二:真题及参考答案

El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49

thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.

A) estimate

B) strength

C) deliberately

D) notify

E) tropical

F) phenomenon

G) stable

H) attraction

I) completely

J) destructive

K) starvation

L) bringing

M) exhaustion

N) worth

O) strike

参考答案:

47. P phenomenon

48. B strength

49. E tropical

50. L bringing

51. K starvation

52. J destructive

53. N worth

54. A estimate

55. O strike

56. I completely

此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词,但可用?worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。

III.总结

选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力,其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词

性和意义,从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。

先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类,分不出的可先模糊处理。 再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置,它的周边环境。

有时甚至需要跳出此句,看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找;而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。

四六级听不懂20分照样拿 教你如何分析题干选答案***

本文主要向大家介绍听力短对话的宏观方法,无论四级还是六级,听前的充分预读是必要的,因为只有认真的预读才能找到选项中的规律,另外,短对话必须遵守的一个原则就是:先听到什么不太可能是正确选项,后听到的才可能是正确答案,没听到什么最有可能选择什么!!!以下以六级题为例!!

第一招:相关保留原则

当选项中有两项表达意思相近时,那么正确答案必在这两项之中!这时只需稍微听一听对话,即可知答案,如果出现了双重相关,便可直接确认正确选项,只需听完对话加之认证一下即可!

4. A) Visiting the Browning.

B) Writing a postcard.

C) Looking for a postcard.

D) Filling in a form.

例题分析:B、C两项均含有 a poscard ,B、D两项均含有写...之意,即B、C和B、D构成双重相关,即可得出B为正确选项!

本题听力原文:

4. M: What\'s the matter? You\'ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.

W: I told the Browning I\'d send them a postcard. Now I don\'t know what to say.

Q: What\'s the woman doing?

第二招:异项保留原则

当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时,那么正确答案必在此二项中出现!如果出现双重异项,那么即可判断出正确答案,异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛!

6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either.

B) She can’t afford a computer right now.

C) The man can use her computer.

D) The man should buy a computer right away.

例题分析:B、C异项,B项的意思是她现在有电脑,C项的意思则是她现在没有电脑。B、D异项,B是说女方无电脑,而D是说男方无电脑,男女也是一种反意关系。所以根据双重异项原则可确定正确答案为B项!

本题听力原文:

6. M: I\'m frustrated. We\'re supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library.

W: I understand the way you feel. I\'m looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own.

Q: What does the woman mean?

第三招:女士保留原则

做题做多了,我们应该了解西方人的思维方式,当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时,我们一定要注意,这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意!因为女士经常以女神的形象出面,她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息!

典型例题: 1999年12月第9题

9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing.

B) The man should take up a new hobby.

C) The man should stop playing tennis.

D) The man should find the cause for his failure.

例题分析:通过选项我们可以分析出男人做一些事情遇到了困难,这时一位女人出来安慰男人,根据女神原则可知女人一定会让男人坚持把这件事情做下去,而不要放弃,这样的题型太多了,所以可呈现出一定的规律性!

本题听力原文:

9. M: I think I\'m going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today.

W: Just because you lost? It that the reason to quit? Q: What does the woman imply?

第四招:概括、抽象保留原则

当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时,这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉,而去选择表概、抽象、比较性的句子!此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则,在作题时应用也是十分的广泛,一般当两个选项的意思接近时,表述比较全面的一般为正确选项!

典型例题:

7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures.

B) The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s.

C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.

D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college

例题分析:A、C、D均为表述事实的句子,只有B项为对比、比较的句子,较之A、C、D项更为抽象的表述了一件事情,所以B

项为正确选项!

本题听力原文:

7. M: The visiting economist is speaking tonight, but Dr. Johnson doesn\'t seem to think much of him.

W: That\'s because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school of thought.

Q: What do we learn from the woman\'s remark?

第五招:态度和虚拟保留原则

这两种方法一般无单独命题的规律性,只是作为上述四种宏观方法的辅助方法出现,当只剩下两个选项时,通常正态度的选项容易是正确答案,表虚拟的选项更容易是正确答案!

[推荐]超经典的英语翻译练习(推荐

翻译练习:

1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同学)

2.___________(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We

thought he was still in hospital.

3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的那样).

4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________(是一门科学,也是一门艺术).

5. Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.

6.Over a third of the population was estimated_________(无法获得) to the health service.

7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.

8. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.

9.We’d like __________________(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.

10. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____________(想找麻烦). 244

11. It may be necessary to stop__________________________(每隔„时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.

12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______________(伤害自己).

13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_______________(忙着准备) her examination.

14. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工*作) instead of mechanically.

15. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I___________________________ (

本来不必从银行借钱的) 221

16.By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London.

17. Buying clothes______________________(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.

18. It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.

19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服了这种心理).

20. Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________(挡路了). 197

21.There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ____________(打扰我) that evening.

22._____________________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.

23.When I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.

24. The manager would rather his daughter__________________(不在一个办公室内工作).

25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_______________(最终因天气不好而取消了). 173

26.I__________________(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.

27. How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很强的影响) the character of the children.

28. But for his help, I _____________________(我不可能这么早完成).

29. His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真实目的).

30. Mark often____________________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

31.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary

to______________(诉助武力).

32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________(肯定没打扫过).

33. Everybody knows he____________________________(受到了冤枉指控).

34. He wears a pair of sunglasses________________________(惟恐被别人认出来).

35. She never dreams of _______________________(被派到国外). 124

36. If you won’t agree to our plan,_____________________(他们也不会同意).

37. I should say Henry is _______________________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.

38. _____________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

39. If you don’t like to swim, you ____________(不妨待在家里).

40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you____________________(弄脏了新地毯). 100

41.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time

being.

42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.

43. John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使这样), I don’t trust him.

44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制) and perfected now.

45. What a lovely party! It’s worth_________________(牢记一生). 76

46.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________(失去联系) the outside world.

47. Cancer is _________________(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.

48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______________(这么好的天气).

49. I would ______________(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.

50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _________________(更不用说出国了).

51.I don’t mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.

52. I suggested he ____________________(使自己适应)his new conditions.

53. I have no objection_______________________(再听听你的故事).

54. This popular sports car___________________(正在生产出来)out at the rate of a thousand a week.

55. _____________________________ (请你找张空白纸)and write your name at the top?

答案

1. keeping up with the rest of the class.

2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up

3. as was to be expected

4. an art as it is a science

5. could have made a good salary.

6. to have no access

7. to students?? being late for

8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4

9. to reserve a table for

10. to make trouble

11. at intervals

12. injure himself

13. busy preparing for

14. had to be operated manually

15. needn??t have borrowed it from the bank.

16. shall have left for

17. is often a very time-consuming job

18. something was done/some measures were taken

19. overcame it/got over it

20. in the way

21. had interrupted me

22. it is because she is too inexperienced

23. caught him cheating me

24. did not work in the same office

25. was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather

26. will be doing/conducting the experiment

27. has a strong influence on

28. would not have finished so early

29. wondering about his real purpose

30. attempts to escape being fined

31. resort to force

32. can??t have been cleaned

33. was wrongly accused/charged

34. for fear that he should be recognized

35. being sent abroad

36. neither will they

37. not so much a writer

38. Believe it or not

39. may just as well stay at home

40. stain the new carpet

41. didn??t do anything

42. play indispensable roles

43. Even so

44. are being developed

45. remembering all my life

46. lose contact with

47. second only to

48. such fine weather

49. have never resorted to

50. not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad

51. delaying making

52. should adapt himself to

53. to hearing your story again

54. is now being turned

55. Could you take a blank sheet of paper?

翻译常见问题和应对政策

1.理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。

2.理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。

表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。

加强句法和和词汇基础,持之以恒。

翻译标准方法步骤

1.标准:准确、通顺、完整。

2.方法:以直译为主适当意译。

3.步骤:

通读全句,准确理解。

分析成分,划分意群。

选择词义,贴切表达。

适当调整,书写译文。

定语从句与同位语从句的区别:

1.定语从句先行词可以是任何名词,而同位语从句先行词相当有限,例如:conclusion ,fact ,news ,idea ,belief ,message。

2.同位语从句中 that 不在从句中充当任何成分,定语从句 that 充当一定句子成分。

3.同位语翻译可采用解释法,即先行词后+“ I ”。

强调结构:还原强调部分,直接翻译。

定语

1.分词短语作定语 2.不定式作定语3.介词短语作定语4.形容词做定

上述成分做定语时,一般来说,应把定语翻译在中心词前面。 比较结构

1. as|、、、as、、、

2. not so A as、、、B

3. rather A,than B 与其说B,不如说A

4. less A,more B 与其说A,不如说B

并列结构

两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标记或标点符号连接,如: and ,or ,but ,both and ,neither nor ,not but ,not only、、、but also、、、 等。

否定结构

1.部分否定:若否定句中出 all,both,every,each 等类似词语,则表部分否定。

2.形状否定:

例如: His contribution can not be exaggerated. 他的贡献极大。

You can never be careful enough. 你必须多加小心。

3.形式肯定,内容否定

He is anything but/except a scholar. 他绝不是一个学者。 Swimming here is far from/not at all dangerous. 在此游泳毫无危险。

He is the last person I want to meet. 他是我最不想见的人。 形式主语

翻译方法固定,可当作短语直接翻译在句子最前面。

It is reported that 据报道

It is estimated that 据估计

It is conjectured that 据推测

It must be admitted tha t 必须承认

It can not be denied that/There is no denying that 不可否认 It can be said without fear of/exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说

翻译练习安排

1.时间以每天30分钟为宜。

2.借用英英字典养成良好的英文思维习惯。

3.坚持每天练习。

3-5分钟做翻译(卡表做)

8-12分钟调整译文,结合词典、语法书对照答案。

4.可以每天做阅读中的难句一句。

以上部分是笔者给同学们关于翻译部分准备的一点建议。当然,学好翻译的最佳途径依然是要靠大量积累并不断努力,把功夫下到平时,终将水到渠成。

网络: the net / the Internet / the web / the virtual world /

the electronic world / the cyber world

地球: earth / the Planet earth / our Mother Planet / global village

电脑: the computer / the machine / the device

校园: the campus / the Ivory Tower / the relatively isolated place

社会: the society / the real world

中国: China / the Middle Kingdom / this ancient country 随着...的发展: As... evolves

...变的越来越重要.. is becoming increasingly vital

...变的越来越普遍.. is becoming increasingly prevalent 人们对...越来越重视 People have a growing respect for sth.

人们重视/看中/珍爱某物 place a high value on sth. 增强竞争力 sharpen one's edge

使某人具有优势力 give sb. the edge

...很重要 is vital / crucial / essential

起...重要作用 play a central role in

观点类:

对...有好处 ... pays off / it pays to .. / sth. is beneficial (rewarding)

对...有坏处... have a negative impact on / do harm

(damage) to sth.

好 top / superior students / favorable impact / positive impression

坏 poor / inferior quality / faulty goods / negative impression

促进/提高/增强/改善 give a boost to

一、基本概况

1.四级完型填空阅读量小,无生僻词汇,技术上不难,并有极强的规律可循。

2.文章一般240—280字,形式完整,主题明确。总分结构明显。 *总述一般揭示中心主线。中心主线聚集主题,有极强导向性,表达作者态度的倾向性。首句往往不会出题。

*分述是总述的展开,往往会有大排比句应用于全文,段落或意群。

3.做题原则:定位查找线索,即与未知信息相关联的已知信息。 *线索分布在句子内部、上下句中或整个段落、意群、文章。 *一个未知信息受多个线索的控制。

*切忌不能鼠目寸光,凭语法+词义选择;应胸怀大局,瞻前顾后。

4.测试点

*阅读理解(精读)能力

文章整体的把握和理解

上下问之间的逻辑关系

句子内部结构、意义

*英语知识应用

语法

固定搭配

词汇辨析使用

5.新趋势

字数有所增多,但不足为惧。

题材由科普向社科类转变。

复杂句、卡难句肯定会出现。应做专项训练。

二、完型做题程序

1.整体通读,抓住中心主线 2-3分钟

重点是首段的首两句。

注意段首句。

分述中查找一组重点词汇、句子,与总述相对照。

2.按段精读、理解、分析、做题。

3.Review,最好在做完大阅读之后。

三、完型上下文常见逻辑关系反对应连接词

1.并列关系

and ,and so ,or ,neither nor ,either or ,likewise ,similarly , equally , in the same way , that is to say.

2.递进关系

then , besides ,in addition ,additionally ,moreover , what is more , further more.

3.因果关系

because , for , since , as , thus , hence , therefore , so , so that , consequently , accordingly , as aresult.

4.让步关系

although , though , even though , even if , despite , inspite of , nevertheless (尽管如此)

四、动词的切入点(相关线索)

1.主谓搭配合适性

注意主语是人是物

2.及物动词做谓语时,看动宾搭配是否合适

物理性与抽象性应一致

褒贬一致

语气一致:完型是完整的文章不能调侃。

3.介词与动词的搭配

4.及物与不及物

5.副词、形容词能否修饰。

五、形容词的切入点

形容词起修饰作用,一定要有被修饰成分。两者之间必须具有同属性,且褒贬不能错位。

1.作表语时,看清主语是人是物,注意两者能否搭配。

2.adj+n:则n是切入点,同时应注意adj是否与中心主线吻合。

3.adj+从句:n一般为抽象性名词很难理解,而定语从句一般不会

出题,可作为线索。

4.若为同现,则看导向,选择与中心主线保持一致的。

5.若adj出现在总述中,答案可去分述中找。

6.adv+adj,绝不能放过adv。

六、名词的切入点

1.n作主语,看主谓搭配。

2.n作宾语,看动宾搭配。

3.介词+n,看介词。

4.adj+n,由形容词猜名词。

5.名词+定语从句,答案由定语从句得出。

6.专业术语。

七、副词切入点

与被修饰成分同质且褒贬一致。

注意:以上切入点都是对选项是实询而言的。原因在于完型主要考查实询的用法。

八、七大通用解题方法

1.无关词排除发:排除与中心主张无关的选项

2.对应成分分析法

应用于句子内部对应成分和两句话之间的对应成分,分析其内在逻辑关系。

3.同现

一组同倾向的词语经常为选项。

4.关联成分

有些实词未知信息与已知信息语法地位相等,且存在密切的联系度。 方法:抓住相近成分。选择一个与已知成分最相近的选项。

5.总分结构对照方法

若选项出现在总述中,而在所在句中找不到线索,应去对应的分述中找线索。线索往往离得很远,但一定能找到。

6.复现

同样的意思在文章不同地方重复出现。

*在完全看懂句子前提下,确定是复现关系,则四个选项中某个在原文中能找到的词即为选项。

*也可以用不同的词来表达相同的意思。

7.时间线索

把握文章脉络,主线清晰,顺序明了,一条时间主线贯穿全文。

大学英语四级考试短期冲刺高分的绝招

如果你的目标不是冲刺满分,而是在尽可能短的时间里尽可能提高成绩,那么以下的这些我们在教学和培训中的经验技巧相信对你都会很有借鉴意义的!

单词——现在背也不晚

在接下来这段时间性里,如果你用一周左右的时间每天花出一段

固定的时间来大量地强攻单词(主要应是那些在四级考纲中而不在高中考试范围内的四级“高难词”),这样你的收获的不仅是阅读和听力的提高,更重要的是对自己的信心!当然这时候背单词,认识它就行了,不必知道它怎么拼写,因为即使我们知道了四级新词的意思,把它用在作文中的可能还是很小。另外有几个针对四级阅读的单词非常重要,大家一定要注意:positive(肯定的),negative(否定的),neutral (中立的),indifferent (漠不关心的),optimistic (乐观的),pessimistic (悲观的),这几个表明作者态度的词经常在阅读理解题的选项中出。

听力——反复听真题

要想在短时间内提高听力,最好的办法就是多听。在这不到一个月的时间里,不用听太多的辅导材料,找来历年真题的听力,反复听,把握出题的思路和录音的语速、语调。

尽力培养英语思维如果你在听听力时习惯于将每个单词和句子翻译成汉语,这既浪费时间,也影响理解,因为两种语言的结构和思维不尽相同,在短暂的15秒钟内,既要听,又要理解、翻译,还要进行综合判断,很不容易做到,弄不好会影响以后的听力理解。最好的办法是逐渐培养用英语思维,不但可以节约时间还可以提高理解力。

尝试听前预测四级听力理解从开始播放题头音乐到正式开始做题之前,大约有2分钟的时间。因此,大家可以充分利用这段时间去阅读试卷上各题的选择项,尽量争取在这2分钟内多看几道题的选项,这样就可以做到听前预测。当然在听的时候也要避免因为过分注重每个单词而影响对全篇中心思想的理解。听前预测还要有一定的客观依据,即话题所使用的词语的范围,这种内容越具体范围就越窄。这样我们就可以通过阅读选项推测听力材料可能涉及到什么题材和它的内容。

力求快速标出答案如果遇到难题,要当机立断,千万不要在一道题上花太多的时间。尽量余下几秒时间以便浏览下一题的选择项。通过再次浏览,我们基本上可以预测出所提问题的大致方向,从而可使自己在听力测试中处于主动地位。

阅读——拿高分的好方法

我现在总结出一条超级简单的阅读得高分的办法:

快速阅读文章速度大约为200字/分钟。重点是掌握文章大意及每一段大概讲什么。因此,第一段和每一段的首句要仔细阅读。 做题不要凭印象本找的关键是每一道题必须回到原文中找到出

处-也就是能够证明这道题正确答案的部分,千万不要凭印象,凭经验。

不用花时间复查有人要说,你这个“老办法”太老了,根本无用。请注意,以前我亦有同感,但是当我不折不扣的照此执行,发现效果其佳。一般40分的阅读理解,32分不成问题,所以也建议你不妨一试。

备注:当然这只是一种技巧,词汇量和阅读技能始终是阅读得高分的关键。主要从以下几个方面着手:

1、词汇方面

选项的语义辨析语义辨析主要集中在实词(名词,动词,形容词和副词),选项往往以同义词,近义词,反义词或形近易混词的形式出现。固定搭配固定搭配以动词,形容词与副词,介词构成的词组居多,这些词组出现在完形填空中,主要以副词和介词为考点。

2、语法方面

定语从句主要考连接词,限定与非限定定语从句的区别,定语从句的判别(区分定语从句与其它主从复合句)。非谓语动词(动词不定

式,现在分词,过去分词,动名词)。逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)在句法上不是主谓关系,但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系。

句型句式包括区别简单句,并列句,对称结构或省略,倒装及割裂的复杂句子。词类之间的搭配要求如名词需要形容词,名词,冠词,非谓语动词,词组及定语从句修饰;动词需要副词词组修饰;及物动词后应加宾语等。

3、语篇方面

语境语境就是我们平常所说的上下文,广义的语境指所有的上下文,段与段之间,句子与句子之间,句子与段之间的语义关系。狭义的语境指句子内部的词语之间在语义上的联系。一切语义的理解都离不开语境。

句际之间的逻辑关系完形填空中,句际之间的逻辑关系主要包括:并列关系(连接词有and, while等);转折关系(连接词有but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless等);因果关系(连接词有so,therefore, thus, because, for, since, as等);让步关系(连接词有though, although, despite, in spite of等);条件关系(连接词有if, unless, once, provided that,

in case (of)等);解释关系(连接词有i.e., that is to say, in other words等);顺序关系(连接词有before, after, and, first, second, then, next, finally等)

很多人都认为那些身处象牙塔的大学生们过得很安逸,其实不然。他们每天也要面临着很多压力:高额学费带来的经济压力,父母要求过高所带来的精神压力„

College Pressure

I see two kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure. It is easy to look around for rebels — to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the parents for pushing them too far. But there are no rebels, only victims.

The pressure is heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know incalculable students whose inquiring minds cheer me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I don’t know if they are getting A or C, and I don’t care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax, but they can’t.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to increase to 5, 000 in loans after graduation.Encouraged at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning①?

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply integrated.

Poor students! They are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean well: they are trying to steer their sons and daughters toward a secure future. But the sons and daughters want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field.

Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by an

indirect route, to their surprise, after many roundabout ways. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not preplanned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail. [391 words]

行文点评

本文脉络清晰。第一段第一句直接点题,提出大学生面临的两种压力:economic pressure和 parental pressure。段末“victims”一词的运用,奠定了本文的感情基调:作者对大学生担负的压力感到同情。

第二段和第三段中分析了大学生在经济上面临压力的原因。第四段是过渡段。第五段阐述了父母的压力对大学生的影响,用一个感叹句开头,具有烘托感情的效果,充分表达了作者对大学生的同情。最后一段排比句的应用从相反的方面描述,更把大学生所遭受的压力凸显出来。

好文妙译

大学生的压力

我发觉今天的大学生有两种压力:经济压力和来自父母的压力。环顾四周,你很容易发现一些叛逆者,他们指责学校收费太高,报怨父母对他们的要求过高。但他们不是叛逆者,而是受害者。

对于那些只想从大学毕业并且找到一个工作的人来说,压力是很大的。如果我是雇主,我宁愿雇佣那些有好奇心的博学之才而不是那

些只选一些容易过的且能达高分的课程的学生。我认识无数学生,他们的好奇之心使我兴奋不已。我喜欢听他们阐述自己的观点。我不知道他们得的是A还是C,我不在乎这些。我也同样喜欢他们所散发出来的人性魅力。国家需要他们,他们也会找到自己满意的工作。我告诉他们要放松,但他们做不到。

但我也不能责怪他们,因为他们生活在残酷的经济时代。今天对一个学生来说,即使他在念书时兼职打工,在暑假全职工作,在毕业后欠下5000美元的债务也是很平常的。在毕业典礼上他们被告知即将踏入社会,而事实上,在踏入社会之际他已落后于他人了。为了面对这个清算日,他们在大学生活中怎会感受不到压力呢?

与经济压力同时存在的还有来自父母的压力,这两者不可避免地融合在一起。

可怜的学生们!他们被古老的爱、责任、负疚感所包围。父母们本意是好的,他们正把自己的儿女引向一个安全的未来。但这些孩子却想主修历史、古典文学、哲学这些没有“现实”价值的专业。学人文科学的报偿在何处呢?要说服父母相信人文科学有所报偿并不容易。由学习历史和古典文学所培养出来的能力正是商业及其他一般领域有创造力的领导人所必备的能力。

幸运的是,许多学生几经曲折终于到达他们自己的领域,对此他们感到吃惊。因为他们很难想象可以从事一项未经事先计划的事业,很难想象上帝之手或者机缘能把他们推到未曾预见到的人生轨道上来。

词汇斟酌

rebel n.反叛分子,反对者

victim n.牺牲品,受害者

curiosity n.好奇(心)

brutala.残忍的,无情的,冷酷的

commencement n.①开始②毕业典礼,学位授予典礼 reckoning n.结算,清算

inevitably ad.不可避免地

steer vt.引导

faculty n.能力,技能,天赋

roundabout a.绕道的,绕圈子的

conceive vi.(of)构想出,设想

nudge vt.用肘轻推,推进

佳句临摹

①【注释】a day of reckoning 得到惩罚的日子

【临摹】You’re enjoying yourself now, but a day of reckoning will come.别看你现在逍遥,将来会遭报应的。 思如泉涌

No sweet without sweat. 先苦后甜。

Pain past is pleasure. 过去的痛苦就是快乐。

妙手空空 选择填空--新四级选择高分攻略

妙手空空 选择填空——新四级新题之一

根据2006年六月最新的四级考试,新题型除了增加“快速阅读”,传统的阅读(仔细阅读)也被分成两个部分。一是选词填空;二是常规阅读(也就是传统上的我们最熟悉的四选一)。选词填空是新鲜玩意儿,看看究竟葫芦里卖的什么药,又当如何应对。

I.考点分析:妙手空空术

简要交代一要考试形式:与传统考题的完形相似,但十个空格有A到O十五个选项,要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。

选词填空,当然要考词汇。但比之以往专门的词汇题不同的是,它是更完全的更高层次的考察;与此前传统阅读理解里的“词汇题”相比,只是后者的一个扩展,实质并无不同。它们所考察的,都是在篇章中对词汇的把握。其实也就是:遇到生词怎么办?有句子,有文章,你搞定给我看!再直白一点:考的就是在上下文中猜测词义的能力——妙手空空!

所以这种考察不是莫名其妙的,而是为了纠正我们词汇学习中的一大误区:只知背,不会猜。从来都不乏这样一个似乎天经地义的观念:不认识单词,怎么懂得句子?而真相往往是:抓住了句子文章的要点,单词不在话下。这些要点是什么?我们一边讲解题方法,一边体会。 II.解题方法

一、尽量辨性

把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。

1.动词还要两分,那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词,就是

-ing, -ed, to do型的,其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性,无法确定的要先打问号。

2.记不得的,看后缀。有构词法中,前缀管意思,后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴,往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件“英语后缀”。

3.分不出的,词性不一定无法确定的,暂时搁置,不必赌气誓死纠缠,结果可能把自己缠死。

4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。

以真题为例,其选项如下:

A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical;F) phenomenon;G) stable;H) attraction;I) completely;J) destructive;K) starvation;L) bringing;M) exhaustion;N) worth;O) strike

名词:B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀) 谓语动词:A,D,O(-ate极可能是动词,fy为动词后缀)

非谓语动词:L(-ing结尾)

形容词:E, G, J, N(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀) 副词:C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)

注意:所谓的“尽量辨性”一是要穷尽一切办法,不要说不认识就拉倒。即使从没见过,也想办法看能否判断其词性,这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量辨了就行,不一定每个都能辨出来。词的性质并不总是固定的,有些不认识的又没其它办法,

可先搁置,不要过度纠缠。

二、灵活求解

将选项分类之后,就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个,第一是词性,第二才是词义。所以在读文章时,要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。

1.确定词性,确定在选项中的选择范围

1)关于动词的判断

l 前后都是名词短语,中间是动词

l 根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则,其它地方如无谓语动词,则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but..(will后面必然是原形动词,一起构成谓语) Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be,是非谓语动词,故空格必为谓语动词;且空格前后均为名词性,也基本确定它是动词。)

l 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号,后面一般是非谓语动词短语。 The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. (前面是一个完整的句子,逗号后跟的,一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个,故直选之。)

2)其它词的判断

l 形容词或名词修饰名词,限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. (这个/种奇怪的?,当然要一个名词了)

The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.(严重的?风暴,可能是形容词,也可能是名词) El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语,自然是形容词。)

l 副词修饰形容词或动词

„, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词) l 谓语动词前有名词主语

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是谓语动词,也可知前面为名词短语,缺一个核心名词。) l 介词后面必有名词

As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

(在介词in的后面,当为名词无疑,注意要搞清楚,in有多种意义,此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少,当为在某个方面减少。)

二、句里句外,猜测词义

一看搭配:主谓宾、主系表与修饰

词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰,与谁形成

主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个,灵活处之。

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

Strange修饰47,也许看不出来是什么,再看47与happen形成主谓关系,能够发生的是什么?最好的当然是现象。

二看逻辑:

1.句内(状语从句,解释,并列等)

As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

此句有一个状语从句,as表示的时间或因果关系,是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少,温度就下降,当然是风的速度或风力。

So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51. 空格与前面两个名词并列,意味着意思相类。与干旱、收成不好一家的,很容易选出starvation饥荒.

2.前文(指代等、句间连词)

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

This告诉我们,此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。

表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。

与this一大类的还有:This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。

还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词,或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。 递进:Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/in addition/even/also

转折:however/but/rather/instead

因果:therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence

3.后文(总分)

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 段落开始部分,提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气,后面一句就交代得十分清楚。 三看习惯用法:固定搭配

Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词,但可用?worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。

III.总结

选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力,其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义,从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。

先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类,分不出的可先模糊处理。

再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置,它的周边环境。

有时甚至需要跳出此句,看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找;而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。 附一:四级常用后缀

1. 名词后缀

1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor

2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience

4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,

5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,

6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom

7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood

8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship

14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)

16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),

17-grapy, 表示"„„学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

18)-ic, ics, 表示"„„学„„法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

19)-ology, 表示"„„学„„论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

20)-nomy, 表示"„„学„„术" astronomy, economy,

bionomy(生态学)

2. 形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible

2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)

3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive

4)-like, manlike, childlike

5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

6)-some, troublesome, handsome

7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

9)-ent, violent

10)-most, foremost, topmost

(11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless

3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,„„化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy, 表示"使„„化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示“成为„„,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副词后缀

(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地

-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地

-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地

附二:真题及参考答案

El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49

thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.

A) estimate

B) strength

C) deliberately

D) notify

E) tropical

F) phenomenon

G) stable

H) attraction

I) completely

J) destructive

K) starvation

L) bringing

M) exhaustion

N) worth

O) strike

参考答案:

47. P phenomenon

48. B strength

49. E tropical

50. L bringing

51. K starvation

52. J destructive

53. N worth

54. A estimate

55. O strike

56. I completely

此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词,但可用?worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。

III.总结

选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力,其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词

性和意义,从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。

先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类,分不出的可先模糊处理。 再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置,它的周边环境。

有时甚至需要跳出此句,看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找;而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。

四六级听不懂20分照样拿 教你如何分析题干选答案***

本文主要向大家介绍听力短对话的宏观方法,无论四级还是六级,听前的充分预读是必要的,因为只有认真的预读才能找到选项中的规律,另外,短对话必须遵守的一个原则就是:先听到什么不太可能是正确选项,后听到的才可能是正确答案,没听到什么最有可能选择什么!!!以下以六级题为例!!

第一招:相关保留原则

当选项中有两项表达意思相近时,那么正确答案必在这两项之中!这时只需稍微听一听对话,即可知答案,如果出现了双重相关,便可直接确认正确选项,只需听完对话加之认证一下即可!

4. A) Visiting the Browning.

B) Writing a postcard.

C) Looking for a postcard.

D) Filling in a form.

例题分析:B、C两项均含有 a poscard ,B、D两项均含有写...之意,即B、C和B、D构成双重相关,即可得出B为正确选项!

本题听力原文:

4. M: What\'s the matter? You\'ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.

W: I told the Browning I\'d send them a postcard. Now I don\'t know what to say.

Q: What\'s the woman doing?

第二招:异项保留原则

当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时,那么正确答案必在此二项中出现!如果出现双重异项,那么即可判断出正确答案,异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛!

6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either.

B) She can’t afford a computer right now.

C) The man can use her computer.

D) The man should buy a computer right away.

例题分析:B、C异项,B项的意思是她现在有电脑,C项的意思则是她现在没有电脑。B、D异项,B是说女方无电脑,而D是说男方无电脑,男女也是一种反意关系。所以根据双重异项原则可确定正确答案为B项!

本题听力原文:

6. M: I\'m frustrated. We\'re supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library.

W: I understand the way you feel. I\'m looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own.

Q: What does the woman mean?

第三招:女士保留原则

做题做多了,我们应该了解西方人的思维方式,当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时,我们一定要注意,这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意!因为女士经常以女神的形象出面,她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息!

典型例题: 1999年12月第9题

9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing.

B) The man should take up a new hobby.

C) The man should stop playing tennis.

D) The man should find the cause for his failure.

例题分析:通过选项我们可以分析出男人做一些事情遇到了困难,这时一位女人出来安慰男人,根据女神原则可知女人一定会让男人坚持把这件事情做下去,而不要放弃,这样的题型太多了,所以可呈现出一定的规律性!

本题听力原文:

9. M: I think I\'m going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today.

W: Just because you lost? It that the reason to quit? Q: What does the woman imply?

第四招:概括、抽象保留原则

当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时,这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉,而去选择表概、抽象、比较性的句子!此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则,在作题时应用也是十分的广泛,一般当两个选项的意思接近时,表述比较全面的一般为正确选项!

典型例题:

7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures.

B) The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s.

C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.

D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college

例题分析:A、C、D均为表述事实的句子,只有B项为对比、比较的句子,较之A、C、D项更为抽象的表述了一件事情,所以B

项为正确选项!

本题听力原文:

7. M: The visiting economist is speaking tonight, but Dr. Johnson doesn\'t seem to think much of him.

W: That\'s because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school of thought.

Q: What do we learn from the woman\'s remark?

第五招:态度和虚拟保留原则

这两种方法一般无单独命题的规律性,只是作为上述四种宏观方法的辅助方法出现,当只剩下两个选项时,通常正态度的选项容易是正确答案,表虚拟的选项更容易是正确答案!

[推荐]超经典的英语翻译练习(推荐

翻译练习:

1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同学)

2.___________(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We

thought he was still in hospital.

3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的那样).

4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________(是一门科学,也是一门艺术).

5. Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.

6.Over a third of the population was estimated_________(无法获得) to the health service.

7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.

8. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.

9.We’d like __________________(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.

10. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____________(想找麻烦). 244

11. It may be necessary to stop__________________________(每隔„时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.

12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______________(伤害自己).

13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_______________(忙着准备) her examination.

14. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工*作) instead of mechanically.

15. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I___________________________ (

本来不必从银行借钱的) 221

16.By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London.

17. Buying clothes______________________(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.

18. It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.

19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服了这种心理).

20. Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________(挡路了). 197

21.There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ____________(打扰我) that evening.

22._____________________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.

23.When I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.

24. The manager would rather his daughter__________________(不在一个办公室内工作).

25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_______________(最终因天气不好而取消了). 173

26.I__________________(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.

27. How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很强的影响) the character of the children.

28. But for his help, I _____________________(我不可能这么早完成).

29. His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真实目的).

30. Mark often____________________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

31.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary

to______________(诉助武力).

32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________(肯定没打扫过).

33. Everybody knows he____________________________(受到了冤枉指控).

34. He wears a pair of sunglasses________________________(惟恐被别人认出来).

35. She never dreams of _______________________(被派到国外). 124

36. If you won’t agree to our plan,_____________________(他们也不会同意).

37. I should say Henry is _______________________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.

38. _____________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

39. If you don’t like to swim, you ____________(不妨待在家里).

40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you____________________(弄脏了新地毯). 100

41.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time

being.

42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.

43. John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使这样), I don’t trust him.

44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制) and perfected now.

45. What a lovely party! It’s worth_________________(牢记一生). 76

46.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________(失去联系) the outside world.

47. Cancer is _________________(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.

48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______________(这么好的天气).

49. I would ______________(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.

50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _________________(更不用说出国了).

51.I don’t mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.

52. I suggested he ____________________(使自己适应)his new conditions.

53. I have no objection_______________________(再听听你的故事).

54. This popular sports car___________________(正在生产出来)out at the rate of a thousand a week.

55. _____________________________ (请你找张空白纸)and write your name at the top?

答案

1. keeping up with the rest of the class.

2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up

3. as was to be expected

4. an art as it is a science

5. could have made a good salary.

6. to have no access

7. to students?? being late for

8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4

9. to reserve a table for

10. to make trouble

11. at intervals

12. injure himself

13. busy preparing for

14. had to be operated manually

15. needn??t have borrowed it from the bank.

16. shall have left for

17. is often a very time-consuming job

18. something was done/some measures were taken

19. overcame it/got over it

20. in the way

21. had interrupted me

22. it is because she is too inexperienced

23. caught him cheating me

24. did not work in the same office

25. was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather

26. will be doing/conducting the experiment

27. has a strong influence on

28. would not have finished so early

29. wondering about his real purpose

30. attempts to escape being fined

31. resort to force

32. can??t have been cleaned

33. was wrongly accused/charged

34. for fear that he should be recognized

35. being sent abroad

36. neither will they

37. not so much a writer

38. Believe it or not

39. may just as well stay at home

40. stain the new carpet

41. didn??t do anything

42. play indispensable roles

43. Even so

44. are being developed

45. remembering all my life

46. lose contact with

47. second only to

48. such fine weather

49. have never resorted to

50. not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad

51. delaying making

52. should adapt himself to

53. to hearing your story again

54. is now being turned

55. Could you take a blank sheet of paper?


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