虚拟语气
英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：
He is honest. 他很诚实。 （陈述语气）
Don„t be late next time. 下次别迟到。 （祈使语气）
If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。 （虚拟语气）
I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。 （虚拟语气） 第一类折叠
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
1.*wish与hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望, 宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come. (We don‟t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。
2.if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同： If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。 If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
3.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that 从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示宁愿做什么 ，具体用法为：
① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I‟d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在) 去。
② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I‟d rather you hadn‟t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
4.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气, 则与wish 用法相同，例：
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
It looks as if we‟ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意 It isn‟t as if…的翻译：
It isn‟t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷) 。 第二类折叠
从句中should 动词原形，should 可省略
1. 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) ,in case(以防) 引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
2. 表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command
请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct
督促urge 提议move, vote
希望desire 坚持insist
打算intend 安排arrange
例如：
I insisted that he (should)stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He urged that they go to Europe. 他督促他们到欧洲去。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
He ordered that it (should)be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should)appear. 他要求我出场。
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。 *suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气
比较：
He insisted that Ihad read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
3. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句
Our suggestion is that you（ should ）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。 4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
l “It is (was) 紧急 重要-- 带感情色彩
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或
important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词 后的主语从句
1. It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.
2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
注：*It is necessary，important ，strange ，natural ， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed
第三类
It‟s time后的从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早) 该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或“should 动词原形”(较少见，且should 不能省略)
ex . It‟s time we went
虚拟语气之高考 [ ] 1. If she had worked harder, she _____. A.would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded [ ] 2.If my lawyer ___here last Saturday, he ____me from going. A. had been would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented [ ] 3. Without electricity, human life ____quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be [ ] 4. ---If he ___, he _____that food. ----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
[ ] 5. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___in turn, you ______so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got [ ] 6. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother.. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come [ ] 7. Tom ought not to ____me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
[ ] 8. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out [ ] 9. We ____last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study [ ] 10. I wish I ____you yesterday. A. did see B. were to see C. saw D. had seen
[ ] 11. “He is a brave man.” “ I wish I ___his courage.” A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
[ ] 12. “Have you ever been to Beijing?” “ No, but I wish I ______.” A. would B. could C. had D. have [ ] 13. The plant is dead. I ___it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given [ ] 14. There was plenty of time. She ____.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. needn’t have hurried C. mustn’t hurry D. wouldn’t have hurried
[ ] 15. “Iwill tell Mary about her new job”. “You ____her last week.” A. ought to tell B. must tell C. would have told D. should have told
[ ] 16 “ No one was prepared for the teacher‟s question. ” “We ___the lessons last night. ” A. would have read B. ought to have read C. could have read D. might have read
[ ] 17. He ____you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may given [ ] 18. I would love ___to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone [ ] 19. ---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh, did you? You _____with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
[ ] 20. Sorry I’m late. I____ have turned the alarm clock and gone back to shop again. A. might B. should C. can D. will
[ ] 21. “Did you go to see the football match yesterday?” “No, I didn’
t feel well, but I would have gone if I ____.” A. did B. have C. would D. had [ ] 22. He insisted that we ___early the next day A. start B. started C. would start D. Had
[ ] 23. “He is a very brave man”. Yes, I wish I ___his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D.would have [ ] 24. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be [ ] 25. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ___the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
虚拟语气
英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：
He is honest. 他很诚实。 （陈述语气）
Don„t be late next time. 下次别迟到。 （祈使语气）
If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。 （虚拟语气）
I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。 （虚拟语气） 第一类折叠
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
1.*wish与hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望, 宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come. (We don‟t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。
2.if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同： If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。 If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
3.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that 从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示宁愿做什么 ，具体用法为：
① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I‟d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在) 去。
② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I‟d rather you hadn‟t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
4.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气, 则与wish 用法相同，例：
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
It looks as if we‟ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意 It isn‟t as if…的翻译：
It isn‟t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷) 。 第二类折叠
从句中should 动词原形，should 可省略
1. 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) ,in case(以防) 引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
2. 表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command
请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct
督促urge 提议move, vote
希望desire 坚持insist
打算intend 安排arrange
例如：
I insisted that he (should)stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He urged that they go to Europe. 他督促他们到欧洲去。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
He ordered that it (should)be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should)appear. 他要求我出场。
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。 *suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气
比较：
He insisted that Ihad read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
3. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句
Our suggestion is that you（ should ）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。 4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
l “It is (was) 紧急 重要-- 带感情色彩
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或
important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词 后的主语从句
1. It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.
2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
注：*It is necessary，important ，strange ，natural ， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed
第三类
It‟s time后的从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早) 该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或“should 动词原形”(较少见，且should 不能省略)
ex . It‟s time we went
虚拟语气之高考 [ ] 1. If she had worked harder, she _____. A.would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded [ ] 2.If my lawyer ___here last Saturday, he ____me from going. A. had been would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented [ ] 3. Without electricity, human life ____quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be [ ] 4. ---If he ___, he _____that food. ----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
[ ] 5. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___in turn, you ______so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got [ ] 6. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother.. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come [ ] 7. Tom ought not to ____me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
[ ] 8. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out [ ] 9. We ____last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study [ ] 10. I wish I ____you yesterday. A. did see B. were to see C. saw D. had seen
[ ] 11. “He is a brave man.” “ I wish I ___his courage.” A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
[ ] 12. “Have you ever been to Beijing?” “ No, but I wish I ______.” A. would B. could C. had D. have [ ] 13. The plant is dead. I ___it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given [ ] 14. There was plenty of time. She ____.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. needn’t have hurried C. mustn’t hurry D. wouldn’t have hurried
[ ] 15. “Iwill tell Mary about her new job”. “You ____her last week.” A. ought to tell B. must tell C. would have told D. should have told
[ ] 16 “ No one was prepared for the teacher‟s question. ” “We ___the lessons last night. ” A. would have read B. ought to have read C. could have read D. might have read
[ ] 17. He ____you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may given [ ] 18. I would love ___to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone [ ] 19. ---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh, did you? You _____with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
[ ] 20. Sorry I’m late. I____ have turned the alarm clock and gone back to shop again. A. might B. should C. can D. will
[ ] 21. “Did you go to see the football match yesterday?” “No, I didn’
t feel well, but I would have gone if I ____.” A. did B. have C. would D. had [ ] 22. He insisted that we ___early the next day A. start B. started C. would start D. Had
[ ] 23. “He is a very brave man”. Yes, I wish I ___his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D.would have [ ] 24. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be [ ] 25. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ___the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey