四川动物2007年第26卷第2期
Sichu锄Joumal
of
Zoolo留
V01.26No.22007
景观生态学:两栖动物生态学研究的新途径
王波1’2,王跃招h
(1.中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041;2.中国科学院研究生院)
摘要:全球两栖动物正以远超过自然灭绝的高速率灭绝,这与生境丧失和景观破碎化有着直接关系。生境丧失导致两栖动物的生存空间减少,使局部种群消失,而景观破碎化则导致两栖动物种群之间的隔离度增加,不利于动物
的繁殖和扩散。但两者往往是同时出现,相互作用。复合种群、景观连接度、景观遗传学及景观模型模拟等理论和方法的发展,为在生境丧失与破碎化景观下两栖动物的种群结构、组成和动态变化研究提供了理论基础和技术方法。同时景观生态学中特别重视研究的尺度,生境破碎化是发生在景观尺度下的生境变化过程,因此对生境破碎化的影
响应该从现有的主要集中在斑块尺度和斑块.景观尺度转变到景观尺度上来。
关键词:景观生态学;景观破碎化;两栖动物;生境丧失中图分类号:Q958.1;Q959.5
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000—7083(2007)02—0477—04
LandscapeEcology:ANewPerspectiVe
on
IksearchesOfA瑚【phibians
WANGB01,-.WANG
(1.Chengdu
Yue.zha01+
InstituteofBiolog)r,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Chengdu610041;
2.GraduateSch001ofChineseAcademyofSciences)
Abstract:Amphibians
tion
are
declining
atmuch
higllerrate山an
tlle
no珊al
mteaUover山ewodd.Habitatlossandfhgmenta—
andsome10—
local
comributedirectly
tomostofthese
problems.Habitatloss
causes
tIledecreaseoflivingspacef砸aIIlphibiaJls
routes
calpopulationswilldisappearforthisreason.Habitatf}agmemationblockstlle
for
breeding
or
migration锄ong
p叩ulations,aIId
tllusresultsint}leisolationof
p叩ulation.nestudyof砌phibianp叩ulation
tlle础宅cts
ecology
conceminghabitatloss
geneticsand
andfhgmemationta】【esadvantageofthedevelopingtlleoriesofmetap叩ulation,landsc印e
thetechnologyofsimulationmodeling.However,rigorousunderstandingofphibianswiurequirethe
co肌ectivity,laIldscape
laIldsc印e
ofhabitat10ss
andf}agmentation
scaling.
on锄一
study咖slate
f而mpatchscaling
or
patch・landscpescalinginto
loss
Keywords:landscape
ecology;landsc印e
fhgmentation;锄phibian;habitat
脊椎动物正处在以远超过自然灭绝速率的高速率灭绝
状态中;根据现有的研究和文献,两栖动物是脊椎动物中灭绝速率最快的类群¨,2J。IucN濒危物种红色名录(2004)确
态和种群动态提供了理论基础与技术支持。因此随着景观生态学理论和适用于景观研究的技术方法的不断发展,当前两栖动物生态研究从关注局部环境对于两栖动物的影响,发展到注重考查复杂的景观结构与两栖动物的动态关系上
来‘6|。
1
认目前有32%的两栖动物物种受到灭绝的危险,其比例大于
鸟类和哺乳类u.3J。两栖动物的全球性衰减的原因已有多种
解释Hj,很多学者认为这与生境丧失和破碎化有着直接关
系卧]。
景观生态学是研究景观单元的类型组成、空间格局及其与生态学过程相互作用的综合性学科o7,“。与其他生态学科相比,景观生态学明确强调空间异质性、等级结构和尺度在研究生态学过程中的作用,以及人类活动对生态学系统的影响,尤其突出空间结构和生态过程在多个尺度上的相互作用‘9“]。
近年来随着人为对自然的影响越来越强烈,研究者开始关注景观格局如景观破碎化、景观异质性、景观互补性对两栖动物种群的影响¨2'”]。复合种群理论n4’”]、景观连接度
生境丧失和破碎化对两栖动物的影响
人为影响下景观破碎化过程对景观格局产生的巨大影
响被认为是物种多样性丧失的重要原因之一。这种景观格
局的改变主要表现在生境的丧失(habitatloss)和生境的破碎
habitat)即破碎化(fra舯entation)。两者往
往同时出现,影响景观的基本格局变化,从而对物种的组成
(breaking
apanof
和分布产生巨大的影响。但是两者都具有各自独立的含义,
而且对生物多样性有着不同的影响Ⅲ。J。
1.1
生境丧失对两栖动物的影响
生境丧失也许是两栖动物下降的最直观的解释,但是却没有引起人们足够的关注旧…。已有的直接针对两栖动物生境斑块面积对两栖类分布影响的研究较少,而且得出的结论
N0.30070090”。
理论‘16]、景观遗传学m1等理论以及景观模型模拟m,191等方
法和技术的发展为在破碎化景观下探讨两栖动物的群落动
收稿日期:2006—08—30
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要项目(KSC)(2一sw一123);国家自然科学基金“30470252”,“NSFC作者简介:王波(1981~),男,硕士研究生,主要从事两栖动物生态学研究,E-mail:wan—)01982@sina.com
+通讯作者,E—mail:arcib@cib.ac.cn
477
景观生态学:两栖动物生态学研究的新途径
作者:作者单位:刊名:英文刊名:年,卷(期):
王波, 王跃招, WANG Bo, WANG Yue-zhao
王波,WANG Bo(中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都,610041;中国科学院研究生院), 王跃招,WANG Yue-zhao(中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都,610041)四川动物
SICHUAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY2007,26(2)
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size,hydroperiod,and amphibian species richness:implications for wetland regulations[外文期刊]2000(2)
22.Hecnar SJ;M'Closkey RT Spatial scale and determination of species status of the green frog[外文期刊] 1997
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24.Squire T;Newman RA Fine-scale population structure in the wood frog(Rana sylvatica) in a northernwoodland[外文期刊] 2002(01)
25.Funk WC;Blouin MC;Cron PS;Stephen Maxell BA Pilliod DS Amish S Allendorf FW Population structureof Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape[外文期刊] 200526.Funk WC;Greene AE;Corn PS;Allendorf FW High dispersal in a frog species suggests that it isvulnerable to habitat fragmentation[外文期刊] 2005
27.Guerry AD;Hunter Jr ML Amphibian distributions in a landscape of forests and agriculture:anexamination of landscape composition and configuration[外文期刊] 2002
28.Ray N;Lehmann A;Joly P Modeling spatial distribution of amphibian population:a GIS approach basedon habitat matrix permeability[外文期刊] 2002
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30.Taylor PD;Fahrig L;Henein K;Merriam G Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure[外文期刊] 1993
31.Swihart RK;Gehring TM;Kolozsvaryand M beth;Nupp TE Responses of 'resistant'vertebrates to habitatloss and fragmentation:the importance of niche breadth and range boundaries[外文期刊] 2003(1)32.Hazell D Frog ecology in modified Australian landscapes:a review[外文期刊] 2003(03)33.Marsh DM;Pearman PB Effects of habitat fragmentation on the abundance of two species ofleptodactylid frogs in an Andean montane forest[外文期刊] 1997
34.Vallan D Influence of forest fragmentation on amphibian diversity in the nature reserve ofAmohitantely,highland Madagascar[外文期刊] 2000
35.Pope SE;Fahrig L;Merriam HG Landscape complementation and metapopulation effects on leopard frogpopulations[外文期刊] 2000(9)
36.Reh W;Seitz A The influence of land use on the genetic structure of populations of the commonfrog (Rana temporaria)[外文期刊] 1990
37.Bowne DR;Bowers MA Interpatch movements in spatially structured populations:a literature review[外文期刊] 2004(01)
38.Houlahan JE;Findlay CS The effects of adjacent land use on wetland amphibian species richness andcommunity composition 2003
39.Findlay CS;Houlahan J Anthropogenic correlates of species richness in southeastern Ontario
40.Lehtinen RM;Galatowitsch SM;Tester JR Consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation for wetlandamphibian assemblages[外文期刊] 1999(01)
41.Fahrig L Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity[外文期刊] 2003(0)
42.McGarigal K;Cushman SA Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitatfragmentation effects[外文期刊] 2002(02)
43.Trzcinski MK;Fahrig L;Merriam G Independent effects of forest cover and fragmentation on thedistribution of forest breeding birds[外文期刊] 1999(2)
44.Beebee TJC;Griffiths RA The amphibian decline crisis:a watershed for conservation biology? 200545.Joly P;Morand C;Cohas A Habitat fragmentation and amphibian conservation:building a tool forassessing landscape matrix connectivity 2003
46.Carr LW;Fahrig L Effect of road traffic on two amphibian species of different vagility[外文期刊]2001(04)
47.李晓文;胡远满;肖笃宁 景观生态学与生物多样性保护[期刊论文]-生态学报 1999(03)48.邬建国 景观生态学--格局,过程,尺度与等级 2000
49.Baillie JEM;Hilton-Taylor C;Stuart SN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004
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本文链接:http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_scdw200702072.aspx
四川动物2007年第26卷第2期
Sichu锄Joumal
of
Zoolo留
V01.26No.22007
景观生态学:两栖动物生态学研究的新途径
王波1’2,王跃招h
(1.中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041;2.中国科学院研究生院)
摘要:全球两栖动物正以远超过自然灭绝的高速率灭绝,这与生境丧失和景观破碎化有着直接关系。生境丧失导致两栖动物的生存空间减少,使局部种群消失,而景观破碎化则导致两栖动物种群之间的隔离度增加,不利于动物
的繁殖和扩散。但两者往往是同时出现,相互作用。复合种群、景观连接度、景观遗传学及景观模型模拟等理论和方法的发展,为在生境丧失与破碎化景观下两栖动物的种群结构、组成和动态变化研究提供了理论基础和技术方法。同时景观生态学中特别重视研究的尺度,生境破碎化是发生在景观尺度下的生境变化过程,因此对生境破碎化的影
响应该从现有的主要集中在斑块尺度和斑块.景观尺度转变到景观尺度上来。
关键词:景观生态学;景观破碎化;两栖动物;生境丧失中图分类号:Q958.1;Q959.5
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000—7083(2007)02—0477—04
LandscapeEcology:ANewPerspectiVe
on
IksearchesOfA瑚【phibians
WANGB01,-.WANG
(1.Chengdu
Yue.zha01+
InstituteofBiolog)r,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Chengdu610041;
2.GraduateSch001ofChineseAcademyofSciences)
Abstract:Amphibians
tion
are
declining
atmuch
higllerrate山an
tlle
no珊al
mteaUover山ewodd.Habitatlossandfhgmenta—
andsome10—
local
comributedirectly
tomostofthese
problems.Habitatloss
causes
tIledecreaseoflivingspacef砸aIIlphibiaJls
routes
calpopulationswilldisappearforthisreason.Habitatf}agmemationblockstlle
for
breeding
or
migration锄ong
p叩ulations,aIId
tllusresultsint}leisolationof
p叩ulation.nestudyof砌phibianp叩ulation
tlle础宅cts
ecology
conceminghabitatloss
geneticsand
andfhgmemationta】【esadvantageofthedevelopingtlleoriesofmetap叩ulation,landsc印e
thetechnologyofsimulationmodeling.However,rigorousunderstandingofphibianswiurequirethe
co肌ectivity,laIldscape
laIldsc印e
ofhabitat10ss
andf}agmentation
scaling.
on锄一
study咖slate
f而mpatchscaling
or
patch・landscpescalinginto
loss
Keywords:landscape
ecology;landsc印e
fhgmentation;锄phibian;habitat
脊椎动物正处在以远超过自然灭绝速率的高速率灭绝
状态中;根据现有的研究和文献,两栖动物是脊椎动物中灭绝速率最快的类群¨,2J。IucN濒危物种红色名录(2004)确
态和种群动态提供了理论基础与技术支持。因此随着景观生态学理论和适用于景观研究的技术方法的不断发展,当前两栖动物生态研究从关注局部环境对于两栖动物的影响,发展到注重考查复杂的景观结构与两栖动物的动态关系上
来‘6|。
1
认目前有32%的两栖动物物种受到灭绝的危险,其比例大于
鸟类和哺乳类u.3J。两栖动物的全球性衰减的原因已有多种
解释Hj,很多学者认为这与生境丧失和破碎化有着直接关
系卧]。
景观生态学是研究景观单元的类型组成、空间格局及其与生态学过程相互作用的综合性学科o7,“。与其他生态学科相比,景观生态学明确强调空间异质性、等级结构和尺度在研究生态学过程中的作用,以及人类活动对生态学系统的影响,尤其突出空间结构和生态过程在多个尺度上的相互作用‘9“]。
近年来随着人为对自然的影响越来越强烈,研究者开始关注景观格局如景观破碎化、景观异质性、景观互补性对两栖动物种群的影响¨2'”]。复合种群理论n4’”]、景观连接度
生境丧失和破碎化对两栖动物的影响
人为影响下景观破碎化过程对景观格局产生的巨大影
响被认为是物种多样性丧失的重要原因之一。这种景观格
局的改变主要表现在生境的丧失(habitatloss)和生境的破碎
habitat)即破碎化(fra舯entation)。两者往
往同时出现,影响景观的基本格局变化,从而对物种的组成
(breaking
apanof
和分布产生巨大的影响。但是两者都具有各自独立的含义,
而且对生物多样性有着不同的影响Ⅲ。J。
1.1
生境丧失对两栖动物的影响
生境丧失也许是两栖动物下降的最直观的解释,但是却没有引起人们足够的关注旧…。已有的直接针对两栖动物生境斑块面积对两栖类分布影响的研究较少,而且得出的结论
N0.30070090”。
理论‘16]、景观遗传学m1等理论以及景观模型模拟m,191等方
法和技术的发展为在破碎化景观下探讨两栖动物的群落动
收稿日期:2006—08—30
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要项目(KSC)(2一sw一123);国家自然科学基金“30470252”,“NSFC作者简介:王波(1981~),男,硕士研究生,主要从事两栖动物生态学研究,E-mail:wan—)01982@sina.com
+通讯作者,E—mail:arcib@cib.ac.cn
477
景观生态学:两栖动物生态学研究的新途径
作者:作者单位:刊名:英文刊名:年,卷(期):
王波, 王跃招, WANG Bo, WANG Yue-zhao
王波,WANG Bo(中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都,610041;中国科学院研究生院), 王跃招,WANG Yue-zhao(中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都,610041)四川动物
SICHUAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY2007,26(2)
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