果蝇--------闪亮的生命科学研究先驱
一. 白眼果蝇的发现
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933
For his discoveries concerning the role played by chromosome in heredity Morgan, T.H. Science 32: 120-122 (1910) Sex limited inheritance in Drosophila
From Columbia University to California Institute of Technology
Morgan and His Three Extremely Gifted Students
Alfred H. SturtevantCalvin B. BridgesHermann J. Muller
摩尔根首先做了实验一：
P 红眼（雌） × 白眼（雄） ↓ F1 红眼（雌、雄） ↓F1雌雄交配 F2 红眼（雌、雄） 白眼（雄） 3/4 1/4
从实验一中，不难看出F1中，全为红眼，说明红眼对白眼为显性，而F2中红眼和白眼数量之比为3:1，这也是符合遗传分离规律的，也表明果蝇的红眼和白眼由一对等位基因来控制。所不同的是白眼性状总与性别相关联。如何解释这一现象呢？
实验二：将实验一中所得的F1中的红眼雌蝇和白眼雄蝇进行杂交。
P 红眼（雌） × 白眼（雄） ↓
F1 红眼（雌、雄） 白眼（雌、雄）
实验三：摩尔根将实验二所得白眼雌蝇和红眼雄蝇进行杂交。
P 白眼（雌） × 红眼（雄） ↓
F1 红眼（雌） 白眼（雄）
图4.1 果蝇的多线染色体。左: 染色体的一部分, Puff(泡)示活性转录区; 右: 表示多线染色体由多个DNA链聚合而成, B: 表示带纹 .IB:表示带间区。
图4.2 拟暗果蝇(D.pseudoobscura)唾腺染色体的结构变异。A: 第三染色体上杂合缺失: B: 拟暗果蝇(D.pseudoobscura)第三染色体的杂合倒位;C: D.melanogaster第2染色体右臂(2R)和第3染色体左臂易位(箭头处)。
二.姻缘本是前世定，基因不配终枉然------果蝇求爱歌的证据
The dissonance Mutant of Courtship Song in Drosophila
melanogaster:Isolation, Behavior and Cytogenetics
Shankar J. Kulkarni, Adam F. Steinlauf and Jeffrey C. Hall
Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254 Manuscript received August 3, 1987 Accepted October 31,
1987
三.妈妈，感谢你的基因------Xq28,同性恋者的护身符
We all know that Drosophila are the gayest bunch of gays that ever gayed up genetics. This is especially true when you create mutations in fruitless (nee fruity), "the gay gene". Male flies with mutations in fruitless will try to get it on with other males (e.g., doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81802-4
). That's gay!
But fruitless is an old school gene that needs to be fucked up to turn the flies gay (doi:10.1093/molbev/msj070; the first author on that paper is, I shit you not, named Gailey). Drosophila really aren't as gay as they are made to appear in the articles describing fruitless mutants. But the males are still kind of in to dudes, as is shown by a new paper from Manyuan Long's group (doi:10.1073/pnas.0800693105).
Long's group previously described an RNA gene that is unique to D. melanogaster, and not found in any of its sibling species
(doi:10.1073/pnas.072066399). The gene, named sphinx, arose when the transcript of its parent gene was reverse transcribed and inserted back into the genome (in a process known as retroposition). It has also evolved quite rapidly, suggesting it was acted on by natural selection.
Additionally, there are male-specific and a female-specific transcripts of sphinx.
So, there is probably some evolution story to unravel about the sphinx gene. In the new paper by Dai et al., Long and colleagues have performed a functional analysis of sphinx, and what they found was quite interesting. Via an analysis of flies carrying mutant forms of sphinx, they were able to show that the gene plays a role in preventing males from courting other males. Males carrying two mutant copies of sphinx spend more time courting other males than flies with a good copy of sphinx
.
四.基因助我成酒仙-----酗酒者的自我解嘲
五.我胖，但我胖的合理
果蝇--------闪亮的生命科学研究先驱
一. 白眼果蝇的发现
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933
For his discoveries concerning the role played by chromosome in heredity Morgan, T.H. Science 32: 120-122 (1910) Sex limited inheritance in Drosophila
From Columbia University to California Institute of Technology
Morgan and His Three Extremely Gifted Students
Alfred H. SturtevantCalvin B. BridgesHermann J. Muller
摩尔根首先做了实验一：
P 红眼（雌） × 白眼（雄） ↓ F1 红眼（雌、雄） ↓F1雌雄交配 F2 红眼（雌、雄） 白眼（雄） 3/4 1/4
从实验一中，不难看出F1中，全为红眼，说明红眼对白眼为显性，而F2中红眼和白眼数量之比为3:1，这也是符合遗传分离规律的，也表明果蝇的红眼和白眼由一对等位基因来控制。所不同的是白眼性状总与性别相关联。如何解释这一现象呢？
实验二：将实验一中所得的F1中的红眼雌蝇和白眼雄蝇进行杂交。
P 红眼（雌） × 白眼（雄） ↓
F1 红眼（雌、雄） 白眼（雌、雄）
实验三：摩尔根将实验二所得白眼雌蝇和红眼雄蝇进行杂交。
P 白眼（雌） × 红眼（雄） ↓
F1 红眼（雌） 白眼（雄）
图4.1 果蝇的多线染色体。左: 染色体的一部分, Puff(泡)示活性转录区; 右: 表示多线染色体由多个DNA链聚合而成, B: 表示带纹 .IB:表示带间区。
图4.2 拟暗果蝇(D.pseudoobscura)唾腺染色体的结构变异。A: 第三染色体上杂合缺失: B: 拟暗果蝇(D.pseudoobscura)第三染色体的杂合倒位;C: D.melanogaster第2染色体右臂(2R)和第3染色体左臂易位(箭头处)。
二.姻缘本是前世定，基因不配终枉然------果蝇求爱歌的证据
The dissonance Mutant of Courtship Song in Drosophila
melanogaster:Isolation, Behavior and Cytogenetics
Shankar J. Kulkarni, Adam F. Steinlauf and Jeffrey C. Hall
Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254 Manuscript received August 3, 1987 Accepted October 31,
1987
三.妈妈，感谢你的基因------Xq28,同性恋者的护身符
We all know that Drosophila are the gayest bunch of gays that ever gayed up genetics. This is especially true when you create mutations in fruitless (nee fruity), "the gay gene". Male flies with mutations in fruitless will try to get it on with other males (e.g., doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81802-4
). That's gay!
But fruitless is an old school gene that needs to be fucked up to turn the flies gay (doi:10.1093/molbev/msj070; the first author on that paper is, I shit you not, named Gailey). Drosophila really aren't as gay as they are made to appear in the articles describing fruitless mutants. But the males are still kind of in to dudes, as is shown by a new paper from Manyuan Long's group (doi:10.1073/pnas.0800693105).
Long's group previously described an RNA gene that is unique to D. melanogaster, and not found in any of its sibling species
(doi:10.1073/pnas.072066399). The gene, named sphinx, arose when the transcript of its parent gene was reverse transcribed and inserted back into the genome (in a process known as retroposition). It has also evolved quite rapidly, suggesting it was acted on by natural selection.
Additionally, there are male-specific and a female-specific transcripts of sphinx.
So, there is probably some evolution story to unravel about the sphinx gene. In the new paper by Dai et al., Long and colleagues have performed a functional analysis of sphinx, and what they found was quite interesting. Via an analysis of flies carrying mutant forms of sphinx, they were able to show that the gene plays a role in preventing males from courting other males. Males carrying two mutant copies of sphinx spend more time courting other males than flies with a good copy of sphinx
.
四.基因助我成酒仙-----酗酒者的自我解嘲
五.我胖，但我胖的合理