Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseas es in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications ca n include diabetic ketoacidosis （酮症酸中毒）, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma （高糖昏迷）, or death. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney f ailure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.
Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.There are three main types of diab etes mellitus:
Type 1 DM results from the pancreas's failure to produce enough insulin.
Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance
Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood-sugar levels.
Prevention and treatment involve maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco. Control of blood pressure and maintai ning proper foot care are important for people with the disease. Type 1 DM must be m anaged with insulin injections.Type 2 DM may be treated with medications with or witho ut insulin.Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar.Weight loss surger y in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 DM.Gest ational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby.
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseas es in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications ca n include diabetic ketoacidosis （酮症酸中毒）, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma （高糖昏迷）, or death. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney f ailure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.
Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.There are three main types of diab etes mellitus:
Type 1 DM results from the pancreas's failure to produce enough insulin.
Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance
Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood-sugar levels.
Prevention and treatment involve maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco. Control of blood pressure and maintai ning proper foot care are important for people with the disease. Type 1 DM must be m anaged with insulin injections.Type 2 DM may be treated with medications with or witho ut insulin.Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar.Weight loss surger y in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 DM.Gest ational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby.