形容词比较级和最高级变化规则
形容词级的变化规律和级的用法:
一、形容词级的变化:
1、规律变化:
单音词的变化:(四条)
①一般情况: +er(比较级) +est(最高级)
eg :quiet--quieter--the quietest
bright--brighter---the brightest 明亮/聪明的
dear--dearest--the dearest
clever--cleverer--the cleverest
②词末为--e(不发音)+ r --+st
eg:fine--finer--the finest
nice--nicer--the nicest
cute--cuter--the cutest
close--closer--the closest
white--whiter--the whitest
large--larger--the largest
free--freer--freest(特殊)
③重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母的:
双写辅音字母+er--双写辅音字母+est
eg:hot--hotter--the hottest
big --bigger--the biggest
red--redder--the reddest
wet--wetter--the wettest
sad--sadder--the saddest
fat--fatter--the fattest
thin--thinner--the thinnest
fit--fitter--fittest
④少数以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节 原根词:
变y为i+er 变y为i+est
形容词和副词用法比较
一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成
形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下
构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
① 一般单音节词末尾加和
② 单音节词如果以结尾,只加和
strangest
③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母, 须先双写这个辅音字母,再加和
big hot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest ④ 少数以或结尾的双音节词, 末尾加和est(以结尾的词,如前是辅音字母,
把y变成i,再加和,以结尾的词仍 只加和
clever narrow noble angrier cleverer narrower nobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblest
⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most different more different most different
二、1) The most high 〔A〕 mountain in 〔B〕 the world is Mount Everest, which is situated 〔C〕 in Nepal and is twenty
〔D〕 .
2) This house is spaciouser 〔A〕 than that 〔B〕 white 〔C〕 one I bought in Rapid City, South Dakota 〔D〕 last year.
3) Research in the social 〔A〕 sciences often proves difficulter 〔B〕 than similar 〔C〕 work in the physical 〔D〕 sciences.
二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式:
1. 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和most
只能说 more beautiful而不能说beautifuller; 只能说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest。 但是,以形容前缀结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如
unhappy,untidy,我们可以说:unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2. 由分词和分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如
know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级 more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4) The drawings 〔A〕 of the old masters 〔B〕 are among the treasuredest 〔C〕 works in museums 〔D〕 .
3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式
absolute fatal main right universal
chief final naked simulta- utter
entire foremost perfect neous vital eternalficient
excellent infinite primary supreme wooden
三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式
good well
bad ill
many
much
little
few
farhest
5) African elephants are larger, fiercer, and difficulter 〔A〕 to tame 〔B〕 than 〔C〕 Asian elephants 〔D〕 .
6) Sarah Hale became 〔A〕 one of the famousest 〔B〕
magazine 〔C〕 editors in the United States during 〔D〕 the 1800’s.
7) Of all 〔A〕 the Native American tribes 〔B〕 , the Shawnee Indians were 〔C〕 a most 〔D〕 transient.
第二节 副词比较级和最高级的形式
副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样
一般 副词
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副词
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是,开放类副词即以后缀结尾的副词不能
像形容词那样加或,如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕: early中的不是后缀,故可以把变再加和
第三节 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法
一、原级比较的基本用法
1. 原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as ”构成“原级相同”比较句,表示两者比较;其否定式,即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词+as”,而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes
〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes
〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes
〔D〕
fifteen
2) The gorilla(大猩猩), while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), shows more persistence 〔C〕 and memory retention(记忆力) in solving 〔D〕 a problem.
3) Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state, Texas.
2. “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较,这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词,但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语,应当用so而不用as
二、比较级
1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…,”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、结构和结构,有时也可省去than。
2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致
三、最高级
1. 最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in 2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the
第四节 形容词和副词的特殊表达法
一、形容词与副词的同级比较: 由“as(so)…as”引出,其否定式为“not so…”或“not as…as”,考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子
1. as such:表示上文所指明的事或人
He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子,必须被当作孩子对待。
2. as much:表示“与…同量”
Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。
I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍,我也会愿意把它买下的。
He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。
3. as many:表示“与…一样多”
I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错。
二、表示“几倍于”的比较级:用twice (两倍),four times (四倍),ten times (十倍)加上as … as 结构
This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍大。(这个比那个大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍。
四、比较级前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等词语表示不定量,far, completely,still表示程度或更进一步
兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 与lately
late意思是
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3) deep与deeply
deep意思是
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6) free与freely
free的意思是
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
形容词使用顺序巧记忆
当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词,形容词该如何排列? 为如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。
Opshacom中op代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等;
sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如long,short,round, narrow等;
a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old,new, young等;
c代表colour,指表示颜色的形容词,如red,black, orange等;
o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;
m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。
英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。
形容词比较级和最高级变化规则
形容词级的变化规律和级的用法:
一、形容词级的变化:
1、规律变化:
单音词的变化:(四条)
①一般情况: +er(比较级) +est(最高级)
eg :quiet--quieter--the quietest
bright--brighter---the brightest 明亮/聪明的
dear--dearest--the dearest
clever--cleverer--the cleverest
②词末为--e(不发音)+ r --+st
eg:fine--finer--the finest
nice--nicer--the nicest
cute--cuter--the cutest
close--closer--the closest
white--whiter--the whitest
large--larger--the largest
free--freer--freest(特殊)
③重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母的:
双写辅音字母+er--双写辅音字母+est
eg:hot--hotter--the hottest
big --bigger--the biggest
red--redder--the reddest
wet--wetter--the wettest
sad--sadder--the saddest
fat--fatter--the fattest
thin--thinner--the thinnest
fit--fitter--fittest
④少数以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节 原根词:
变y为i+er 变y为i+est
形容词和副词用法比较
一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成
形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下
构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
① 一般单音节词末尾加和
② 单音节词如果以结尾,只加和
strangest
③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母, 须先双写这个辅音字母,再加和
big hot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest ④ 少数以或结尾的双音节词, 末尾加和est(以结尾的词,如前是辅音字母,
把y变成i,再加和,以结尾的词仍 只加和
clever narrow noble angrier cleverer narrower nobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblest
⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most different more different most different
二、1) The most high 〔A〕 mountain in 〔B〕 the world is Mount Everest, which is situated 〔C〕 in Nepal and is twenty
〔D〕 .
2) This house is spaciouser 〔A〕 than that 〔B〕 white 〔C〕 one I bought in Rapid City, South Dakota 〔D〕 last year.
3) Research in the social 〔A〕 sciences often proves difficulter 〔B〕 than similar 〔C〕 work in the physical 〔D〕 sciences.
二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式:
1. 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和most
只能说 more beautiful而不能说beautifuller; 只能说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest。 但是,以形容前缀结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如
unhappy,untidy,我们可以说:unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2. 由分词和分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如
know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级 more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4) The drawings 〔A〕 of the old masters 〔B〕 are among the treasuredest 〔C〕 works in museums 〔D〕 .
3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式
absolute fatal main right universal
chief final naked simulta- utter
entire foremost perfect neous vital eternalficient
excellent infinite primary supreme wooden
三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式
good well
bad ill
many
much
little
few
farhest
5) African elephants are larger, fiercer, and difficulter 〔A〕 to tame 〔B〕 than 〔C〕 Asian elephants 〔D〕 .
6) Sarah Hale became 〔A〕 one of the famousest 〔B〕
magazine 〔C〕 editors in the United States during 〔D〕 the 1800’s.
7) Of all 〔A〕 the Native American tribes 〔B〕 , the Shawnee Indians were 〔C〕 a most 〔D〕 transient.
第二节 副词比较级和最高级的形式
副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样
一般 副词
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副词
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是,开放类副词即以后缀结尾的副词不能
像形容词那样加或,如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕: early中的不是后缀,故可以把变再加和
第三节 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法
一、原级比较的基本用法
1. 原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as ”构成“原级相同”比较句,表示两者比较;其否定式,即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词+as”,而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes
〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes
〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes
〔D〕
fifteen
2) The gorilla(大猩猩), while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), shows more persistence 〔C〕 and memory retention(记忆力) in solving 〔D〕 a problem.
3) Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state, Texas.
2. “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较,这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词,但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语,应当用so而不用as
二、比较级
1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…,”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、结构和结构,有时也可省去than。
2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致
三、最高级
1. 最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in 2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the
第四节 形容词和副词的特殊表达法
一、形容词与副词的同级比较: 由“as(so)…as”引出,其否定式为“not so…”或“not as…as”,考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子
1. as such:表示上文所指明的事或人
He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子,必须被当作孩子对待。
2. as much:表示“与…同量”
Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。
I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍,我也会愿意把它买下的。
He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。
3. as many:表示“与…一样多”
I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错。
二、表示“几倍于”的比较级:用twice (两倍),four times (四倍),ten times (十倍)加上as … as 结构
This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍大。(这个比那个大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍。
四、比较级前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等词语表示不定量,far, completely,still表示程度或更进一步
兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 与lately
late意思是
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3) deep与deeply
deep意思是
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6) free与freely
free的意思是
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
形容词使用顺序巧记忆
当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词,形容词该如何排列? 为如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。
Opshacom中op代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等;
sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如long,short,round, narrow等;
a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old,new, young等;
c代表colour,指表示颜色的形容词,如red,black, orange等;
o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;
m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。
英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。