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GLOSSARY
OF
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
A
A amplitude; augmentation; away (altitude
BFO beat frequency oscillator.
BIH Bureau Internationale de l’Heure.
BIPM International Bureau of Weights and
a semimajor axis.
a ABAND abandoned.
AC alternating current; altocumulus.ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current.add’l additional.
ADF automatic direction finder.ADIZ air defense identification zone.AEB acquisition exclusion boundary.AERO aeronautical.AF audio frequency.
AFC automatic frequency control.AGC automatic gain control.
AISM Association Internationale de Signalisa-aL assumed latitude.Al., Alt, alternating (light).
A.L.R.S. Admiralty List of Radio Signalsam amber.
AM amplitude modulation.
AM ante meridian (before noon).
AMVER Automated Mutual-assistance Vessel
Anch anchorage.
ANMS Automated Notice to Mariners System.antilog antilogarithm.AP assumed position.
approx. approximate, approximately.ARPA automatic radar plotting aid.ASAM anti-ship action message.
ASF Additional Secondary Phase Factor.AT atomic time.
AU astronomical unit.
AUSREP Australian Ships Reporting System.al assumed longitude.
B atmospheric pressure correction (alti-Bdy Mon boundary monument.
intercept); Arctic/Antarctic (air mass).
altitude intercept (Ho~Hc); altitude fac-tor (change of altitude in 1 minute of timefrom meridian transit); assumed.
tion Maritime (International Associationof Lighthouse Authorities).
. Rescue system.
B
tude); bearing, bearing angle.
bk broken.bkw breakwater.bl blue.
BM bench mark.Bn beacon.
Bpgc bearing per gyrocompass.br breakers.
Brg. bearing (as distinguished from bearing
bu blue.
C Celsius (centigrade); chronometer time;
CALM catenary anchor leg mooring.CB compass bearing.
CBDR constant bearing, decreasing range.
CC compass course; chronometer correction.CCIR International Radio Consultative Com-CCU Consultative Committee for Units of the
CCZ Coastal Confluence Zone.cd candela, candelas.CD chart datum.
CD-ROM compact disk-read only memory.CG Coast Guard.
CE chronometer error- compass error.CFR Code of Federal Regulations.cec centicycle.cel centilane.
CEP circular probable error.CES coast earth station.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CGPM General Conference of Weights and
CH compass heading.
CIPM International Committee of Weights and
Cl clearance.
Measures.
angle).
C
compass (direction); correction; course,course angle; can; cylindrical; cove.
mittee.
International Committee of Weights andMeasures (CIPM).
Measures.
Measures.
873
874 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMScm centimeter(s).
CMG course made good.
Cn course (as distinguished from course angle).co coral.
co- the complement of (90° minus).COA course of advance.
COE Committee on ECDIS (IHO).COG course over ground.coL colatitude.colog cologarithm.corr. correction.cos cosine.DMAHTC Defense Mapping Agency Hydrograph-ic/Topographic Center.
DNC digital navigation chart.dol dolphin.
DR dead reckoning; dead reckoning position.DRE dead reckoning equipment.DRM direction of relative movement.DRT dead reckoning tracer.Ds dip short of horizon.DSC digital selective calling.DSD double second difference.DSVL doppler sonar velocity log.cot cotangent.cov coversine.
CPA closest point of approach.CPE circular probable error.Cpgc course per gyrocompass.cps cycles per second.
Cpsc course per standard compass.Cp stg c course per steering compass.CPU central processing unit.crs course.
CRT cathode-ray tube.csc cosecant.cup cupola.
Cus Ho customs house.CW continuous wave.CZn compass azimuth.
D deviation; dip (of horizon); distance; de-d declination (astronomical); altitude dif-d declination change in 1 hour.
dA difference of longitude (time units).DC direct current.deg. degree(s).Dec. declination.
Dec. Inc. declination increment.Dep. departure.destr destroyed.Dev. deviation.DG degaussing.
DGPS differential global positioning system.DHQ mean diurnal high water inequality.Dia diaphone.diff. difference.Dist. distance.
D. Lat. difference of latitude.
DLo difference of longitude (arc units).DLQ mean diurnal low water inequality.dm decimeters.
D
stroyed.
ference.
dur. duration.
DW Deep Water Route.DZ danger zone.
E east.
e base of Naperian logarithms; origin of
e eccentricity.
EBL electronic bearing line.
ECD envelope to cycle difference; envelope to
EC electronic chart.
ECDB electronic chart data base.
ECDIS electronic chart display and information
ED existence doubtful.
EDD estimated date of departure.EEZ exclusive economic zone.EGC enhanced group calling.EHF extremely high frequency.E. Int. equal interval; isophase.
EM electromagnetic (underwater log).em other ship’s true vector.ENC electronic navigation chart.
ENCDB electronic navigation chart data base.EP estimated position.
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio-EPROM erasable programmable read only memory.Eq.T equation of time.
er own ship’s true vector.ET Ephemeris Time.
ETA estimated time of arrival.ETD estimated time of departure.Exting extinguished.
F Fahrenheit; fast; longitude factor; phase
f latitude factor.
E
own ship’s true vector.
cycle discrepancy.
system.
beacon.
F
correction (altitude); fixed (light)
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 875
f flattening or ellipticity.F.Fl. fixed and flashing.Fl. flashing (light).
Fl. (2) group flashing (light).
Fl. (2+1) composite group flashing (light).fm(s) fathom(s).
FM frequency modulation.Fog Det. fog detector.Fog Sig. fog signal.ft. foot, feet.
FTC fast time constant.
Ho observed altitude.Hor horizontal.
Hor Cl horizontal clearance.HP horizontal parallax.Hp precomputed altitude.Hpgc heading per gyrocompass.Hpsc heading per standard compass.Hp stg c heading per steering compass.hr rectified (apparent) altitude.hr. hour, hrs., hours.hs sextant altitude.G Greenwich; Greenwich meridian (upper
g acceleration due to gravity; Greenwich
GAT Greenwich apparent time.GB grid bearing.GC grid course.
GCLWD Gulf Coast Low Water Datum.GDOP geometric dilution of precision.GE gyro error.GH grid heading.
GHA Greenwich hour angle.
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety
GMT Greenwich mean time.Gp. Fl. group flashing.
GP geographical position.
GPS Global Positioning System.Gr. Greenwich.
GRI group repetition interval.GST Greenwich sidereal time.GV grid variation.GZn grid azimuth.
h altitude (astronomical); height above sea
ha apparent altitude.Hc computed altitude.Hdg. heading.
HE heeling error; height of eye.HF high frequency.
hf height above sea level in feet.HHW higher high water.
HHWI higher high water interval.Hk hulk.
HLW higher low water.
HLWI higher low water interval.
hm height above sea level in meters.
G
branch); grid (direction); gravel; green.
meridian (lower branch).
System.
H
level; hours.
HSD high speed data.ht tabulated altitude.HW high water.
H.W.F.&C. high water full and change.
HWI high water interval, mean high water
HWQ tropic high water inequality.Hz Hertz.
I instrument correction.
i inclination (of satellite orbit).
IALA International Association of Lighthouse
IAU International Astronomical Union.IC index correction.
ICW Intracoastal Waterway.
IGLD International Great Lakes Datum.IHB International Hydrographic Bureau.
IHO International Hydrographic Organiza-IMO International Maritime Organization.in. inch, inches.
INM International Nautical Mile.
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organi-INS inertial navigation system.int. interval.
Int. Qk. Interrupted quick flashing.ION Institute of Navigation.I.Q. interrupted quick flashing.IR interference rejection.IRP image-retaining panel.ISLW Indian spring low water.
ISO International Order of Standardization;
ITU International Telecommunications Union.IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geo-I.U.Q. interrupted ultra quick flashing.I.V.Q. interrupted very quick flashing.IWW Intracoastal Waterway.
lunitidal interval.
I
Authorities.
tion.
zation.
isophase (light).
physics.
876 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
J – K – L
J irradiation correction (altitude).K Kelvin (temperature).kHz kilohertz.
km kilometer, kilometers.kn knot, knots.
L latitude; lower limb correction for moon.l difference of latitude; logarithm, loga-rithmic.
LAN local apparent noon.
mb millibar(s).
MC magnetic course.
mc megacycle, megacycles; megacycles per
second.
MC&G mapping, charting and geodesy.MCPA minutes to closest point of approach.Mer. Pass. meridian passage.MF medium frequency.
MGRS military grid reference system.MH magnetic heading.
MHHW mean higher high water.MHHWL mean higher high water line.LANBY large automatic navigational buoy.LASH lighter aboard ship.LAT local apparent time.lat. latitude.
LF low frequency.L.Fl. long flashing.LHA local hour angle.LHW lower high water.
LHWI lower high water interval.LL lower limb.
LLW lower low water.
LLWD lower low water datum.LLWI lower low water interval.
Lm middle latitude; mean latitude.LMT local mean time.
LNB large navigational buoy.LNG liquified natural gas.LPG liquified petroleum gas.Log logarithm, logarithmic.
Loge natural logarithm (to the base e).Log10 common logarithm (to the base 10).Long. longitude.
LOP line of position.LST local sidereal time.Lt. light.
Lt Ho light house.Lt V light vessel.LW low water.
LWD low water datum.
LWI low water interval; mean low water
LWQ tropic low water inequality.
M celestial body; meridian (upper branch);
m meridian (lower branch); meridional dif-mag. magnetic; magnitude.
MARAD United States Maritime Administration.MB magnetic bearing.
lunitidal interval.
M
magnetic (direction); meridional parts;nautical mile, miles; other ship.
ference; meter,(s); U.S. survey mile,miles; end of other ship’s true vector;minutes.
MHW mean high water.
MHWI mean high water lunitidal interval.MHWL mean high water line.
MHWN neap high water or high water neaps.MHWS mean high water springs.MHz megahertz.mi. mile, miles.mid middle.min. minute(s).
MLLW mean lower low water.MLLWL mean lower low water line.MLW mean low water.
MLWI mean low water lunitidal interval.MLWL mean low water line.
MLWN neap low water or low water neaps.MLWS mean low water springs.mm millimeters.
Mn mean range of tide.mo(s) month(s).
MODU mobile offshore drilling unit.Mon monument.
Mo.(U) Morse Uniform (light).mph miles per hour.
MPP most probable position.MRI mean rise interval.
MRM miles of relative movement.ms millisecond(s).
MSC Military Sealift Command.MSI maritime safety information.MSL mean sea level.
MTI moving target indication.MTL mean tide level.MWL mean water level.MWLL mean water level line.MZn magnetic azimuth.
N north; nun.
n natural (trigonometric function).Na nadir.
NAD North American Datum.
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Admin-N
istration.
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 877
NAUTO nautophone.
NAVINFONET Navigation Information Network.NAVSAT Navy Navigation Satellite System.NAVSSI navigation sensor system interface.NBDP narrow band direct printing.NBS National Bureau of Standards.NCS network coordination station.NESS National Earth Satellite Service.NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum.
NLT not less than (used with danger bearing).n. mi. nautical mile(s).
NM nautical mile, miles; notice to mariners.PPI plan position indicator.PRF pulse repetition frequency.Priv private; privately.PROHIB prohibited.
PRR pulse repetition rate.
Ps south pole; south celestial pole.psc per standard compass.p stg c per steering compass.Pub. publication.PV prime vertical.Pyl pylon.
NMEA National Marine Electronics Associa-NMT not more than (used with danger bear-NNSS Navy Navigation Satellite System.
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-NOS National Ocean Service.NRML new relative movement line.NtM notice to mariners.
NWS National Weather Service.
Obsc obscured.
Obs Spot Observation spot.Obstr obstruction.Oc. occulting.
Oc.(2) group occulting.
Oc.(2+1) composite group occulting.Occas occasional.
ODAS oceanographic data acquisition systems.Or orange.
OTC officer in tactical command.OTSR Optimum Track Ship Routing.
P atmospheric pressure; parallax; planet;
p departure; polar distance.PA position approximate.
PC personal correction; personal computer.PD position doubtful.PCA polar cap absorption.PCD polar cap disturbance.
PCP potential point of collision.pgc per gyrocompass.P in A parallax in altitude.PM pulse modulation.
PM post meridian (after noon).Pn north pole; north celestial pole.PPC predicted propagation correction.PPDB point positioning data base.
tion.
ing).
ministration.
O
P
pole; pillar.
Q quick flashing.
Q(3) group quick flashing (3 flashes).
Q(6)+L.Fl. group quick flashing (6 flashes) plus a
Q Polaris correction.QQ’ celestial equator.
r R Rankine (temperature); refraction; own
RA right ascension.
RACON radar transponder beacon.rad radian(s).
RB relative bearing.R Bn radiobeacon.
RCC Rescue Coordination Center.
RDF radio direction finder, RDF station.Rep. reported.rev. reversed.
RF (rf) radio frequency.R Fix running fix.rk rock, rocky.RLG ring laser gyro.
rm relative DRM-SRM vector.R Mast radio mast.RORO roll-on/roll-off.
RML relative movement line.RMS root mean square.RSS root sum square.
RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Mari-RZn relative azimuth.
s second(s).
S sea-air temperature difference correc-Q
long flash.
R
end of own ship’s true vector.
ship; red; rocky; coast radio station.
time Services.
S
tion; slow; south; set; speed; sand.
878 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSSALM single anchor leg mooring.SAM system area monitor.SAR search and rescue.
SART search and rescue radar transponder.SBM single buoy mooring.
SD semidiameter; sounding doubtful. sec secant.
sec. second, seconds.semidur. semiduration.
SENC system electronic navigation chart.SES ship earth station.
SF Secondary Phase Factor.TD time difference (Loran C).Tel telephone; telegraph.
TG time difference of groundwaves from
master and secondary (slave) stations(Loran).
TGS time difference of groundwave from
master and skywave from secondary(slave) station (Loran).
TH true heading.TMG track made good.TOD time of day (clock).Tk tank.SH SHA sidereal hour angle.SHF super high frequency.
SI International System of Units.SID sudden ionospheric disturbance.sin sine.
SINS Ships Inertial Navigation System.SLD sea level datum.SMG speed made good.SNR signal-to-noise ratio.SOA speed of advance.SOG speed over ground.
SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea Convention.SP spire; spherical.
SPA sudden phase anomaly.SPM single point mooring.
SRM speed of relative movement.SS signal station.
U.S. Sur M U.S. Survey mile(s).sub, subm submerged.
T air temperature correction (altitude); ta-t dry-bulb temperature; elapsed time; me-t' wet-bulb temperature.tab. table.
TAI International Atomic Time.tan tangent.
TB true bearing; turning bearing; air temper-TC true course.
TCA time of satellite closest approach.TCPA time to closest point of approach.TcHHW tropic higher high water.
TcHHWI tropic higher high water interval.TcHLW tropic higher low water.TcLHW tropic lower high water.TcLLW tropic lower low water.
TcLLWI tropic lower low water interval.
ship’s head (heading).T
ble; temperature; time; toward (altitudeintercept); true (direction).
ridian angle.
ature atmospheric pressure correction(altitude).
TR track.
Tr transit; tower.
Ts time difference of skywaves from master
TSG time difference of skywave from master
TSS traffic separation scheme.TZn true azimuth.
U upper limb correction for moon.UHF ultra high frequency.UL upper limb.Uncov uncovers.
UPS Universal Polar Stereographic.U.Q. ultra quick flashing.
USGS United States Geodetic Survey.
USWMS Uniform State Waterway Marking Sys-UT Universal Time.UT0 Universal Time 0.UTl Universal Time 1.UT2 Universal Time 2.
UTC Coordinated Universal Time.UTM Universal Transverse Mercator.
V variation; vertex.
v var. variation.vel velocity.Ver vertical.
VHF very high frequency.VHSD very high speed data.Vi violet.
VLCC very large crude carrier.VLF very low frequency.VPF vector product format.
and secondary (slave) stations (Loran).
and groundwave from secondary (slave)station (Loran).
U
tem.
V
excess of GHA change from adopted val-ue for 1 hour.
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 879
vol volcano; volcanic.VPF vector product format.V.Q. very quick flashing.
V.Q.(3) group very quick flashing.VRM variable range marker.VTS vessel traffic service.
WT watch time.
X – Y – Z
X parallactic angle.XMTR transmitter.y. yellow.yd(s). yard(s).yr(s). year(s).
z zenith distance.
Z azimuth angle; zenith.W
W west; white.
WARC World Administrative Radio Council.WE watch error.
WGS World Geodetic System.Wk wreck.
WMO World Meteorological Organization.WWNWS World Wide Navigational Warning Ser-vice.
ZD zone description.
Z Diff. azimuth angle difference.Zn azimuth.
Znpgc azimuth per gyrocompass.
880 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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GLOSSARY
OF
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
A
A amplitude; augmentation; away (altitude
BFO beat frequency oscillator.
BIH Bureau Internationale de l’Heure.
BIPM International Bureau of Weights and
a semimajor axis.
a ABAND abandoned.
AC alternating current; altocumulus.ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current.add’l additional.
ADF automatic direction finder.ADIZ air defense identification zone.AEB acquisition exclusion boundary.AERO aeronautical.AF audio frequency.
AFC automatic frequency control.AGC automatic gain control.
AISM Association Internationale de Signalisa-aL assumed latitude.Al., Alt, alternating (light).
A.L.R.S. Admiralty List of Radio Signalsam amber.
AM amplitude modulation.
AM ante meridian (before noon).
AMVER Automated Mutual-assistance Vessel
Anch anchorage.
ANMS Automated Notice to Mariners System.antilog antilogarithm.AP assumed position.
approx. approximate, approximately.ARPA automatic radar plotting aid.ASAM anti-ship action message.
ASF Additional Secondary Phase Factor.AT atomic time.
AU astronomical unit.
AUSREP Australian Ships Reporting System.al assumed longitude.
B atmospheric pressure correction (alti-Bdy Mon boundary monument.
intercept); Arctic/Antarctic (air mass).
altitude intercept (Ho~Hc); altitude fac-tor (change of altitude in 1 minute of timefrom meridian transit); assumed.
tion Maritime (International Associationof Lighthouse Authorities).
. Rescue system.
B
tude); bearing, bearing angle.
bk broken.bkw breakwater.bl blue.
BM bench mark.Bn beacon.
Bpgc bearing per gyrocompass.br breakers.
Brg. bearing (as distinguished from bearing
bu blue.
C Celsius (centigrade); chronometer time;
CALM catenary anchor leg mooring.CB compass bearing.
CBDR constant bearing, decreasing range.
CC compass course; chronometer correction.CCIR International Radio Consultative Com-CCU Consultative Committee for Units of the
CCZ Coastal Confluence Zone.cd candela, candelas.CD chart datum.
CD-ROM compact disk-read only memory.CG Coast Guard.
CE chronometer error- compass error.CFR Code of Federal Regulations.cec centicycle.cel centilane.
CEP circular probable error.CES coast earth station.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CGPM General Conference of Weights and
CH compass heading.
CIPM International Committee of Weights and
Cl clearance.
Measures.
angle).
C
compass (direction); correction; course,course angle; can; cylindrical; cove.
mittee.
International Committee of Weights andMeasures (CIPM).
Measures.
Measures.
873
874 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMScm centimeter(s).
CMG course made good.
Cn course (as distinguished from course angle).co coral.
co- the complement of (90° minus).COA course of advance.
COE Committee on ECDIS (IHO).COG course over ground.coL colatitude.colog cologarithm.corr. correction.cos cosine.DMAHTC Defense Mapping Agency Hydrograph-ic/Topographic Center.
DNC digital navigation chart.dol dolphin.
DR dead reckoning; dead reckoning position.DRE dead reckoning equipment.DRM direction of relative movement.DRT dead reckoning tracer.Ds dip short of horizon.DSC digital selective calling.DSD double second difference.DSVL doppler sonar velocity log.cot cotangent.cov coversine.
CPA closest point of approach.CPE circular probable error.Cpgc course per gyrocompass.cps cycles per second.
Cpsc course per standard compass.Cp stg c course per steering compass.CPU central processing unit.crs course.
CRT cathode-ray tube.csc cosecant.cup cupola.
Cus Ho customs house.CW continuous wave.CZn compass azimuth.
D deviation; dip (of horizon); distance; de-d declination (astronomical); altitude dif-d declination change in 1 hour.
dA difference of longitude (time units).DC direct current.deg. degree(s).Dec. declination.
Dec. Inc. declination increment.Dep. departure.destr destroyed.Dev. deviation.DG degaussing.
DGPS differential global positioning system.DHQ mean diurnal high water inequality.Dia diaphone.diff. difference.Dist. distance.
D. Lat. difference of latitude.
DLo difference of longitude (arc units).DLQ mean diurnal low water inequality.dm decimeters.
D
stroyed.
ference.
dur. duration.
DW Deep Water Route.DZ danger zone.
E east.
e base of Naperian logarithms; origin of
e eccentricity.
EBL electronic bearing line.
ECD envelope to cycle difference; envelope to
EC electronic chart.
ECDB electronic chart data base.
ECDIS electronic chart display and information
ED existence doubtful.
EDD estimated date of departure.EEZ exclusive economic zone.EGC enhanced group calling.EHF extremely high frequency.E. Int. equal interval; isophase.
EM electromagnetic (underwater log).em other ship’s true vector.ENC electronic navigation chart.
ENCDB electronic navigation chart data base.EP estimated position.
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio-EPROM erasable programmable read only memory.Eq.T equation of time.
er own ship’s true vector.ET Ephemeris Time.
ETA estimated time of arrival.ETD estimated time of departure.Exting extinguished.
F Fahrenheit; fast; longitude factor; phase
f latitude factor.
E
own ship’s true vector.
cycle discrepancy.
system.
beacon.
F
correction (altitude); fixed (light)
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 875
f flattening or ellipticity.F.Fl. fixed and flashing.Fl. flashing (light).
Fl. (2) group flashing (light).
Fl. (2+1) composite group flashing (light).fm(s) fathom(s).
FM frequency modulation.Fog Det. fog detector.Fog Sig. fog signal.ft. foot, feet.
FTC fast time constant.
Ho observed altitude.Hor horizontal.
Hor Cl horizontal clearance.HP horizontal parallax.Hp precomputed altitude.Hpgc heading per gyrocompass.Hpsc heading per standard compass.Hp stg c heading per steering compass.hr rectified (apparent) altitude.hr. hour, hrs., hours.hs sextant altitude.G Greenwich; Greenwich meridian (upper
g acceleration due to gravity; Greenwich
GAT Greenwich apparent time.GB grid bearing.GC grid course.
GCLWD Gulf Coast Low Water Datum.GDOP geometric dilution of precision.GE gyro error.GH grid heading.
GHA Greenwich hour angle.
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety
GMT Greenwich mean time.Gp. Fl. group flashing.
GP geographical position.
GPS Global Positioning System.Gr. Greenwich.
GRI group repetition interval.GST Greenwich sidereal time.GV grid variation.GZn grid azimuth.
h altitude (astronomical); height above sea
ha apparent altitude.Hc computed altitude.Hdg. heading.
HE heeling error; height of eye.HF high frequency.
hf height above sea level in feet.HHW higher high water.
HHWI higher high water interval.Hk hulk.
HLW higher low water.
HLWI higher low water interval.
hm height above sea level in meters.
G
branch); grid (direction); gravel; green.
meridian (lower branch).
System.
H
level; hours.
HSD high speed data.ht tabulated altitude.HW high water.
H.W.F.&C. high water full and change.
HWI high water interval, mean high water
HWQ tropic high water inequality.Hz Hertz.
I instrument correction.
i inclination (of satellite orbit).
IALA International Association of Lighthouse
IAU International Astronomical Union.IC index correction.
ICW Intracoastal Waterway.
IGLD International Great Lakes Datum.IHB International Hydrographic Bureau.
IHO International Hydrographic Organiza-IMO International Maritime Organization.in. inch, inches.
INM International Nautical Mile.
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organi-INS inertial navigation system.int. interval.
Int. Qk. Interrupted quick flashing.ION Institute of Navigation.I.Q. interrupted quick flashing.IR interference rejection.IRP image-retaining panel.ISLW Indian spring low water.
ISO International Order of Standardization;
ITU International Telecommunications Union.IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geo-I.U.Q. interrupted ultra quick flashing.I.V.Q. interrupted very quick flashing.IWW Intracoastal Waterway.
lunitidal interval.
I
Authorities.
tion.
zation.
isophase (light).
physics.
876 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
J – K – L
J irradiation correction (altitude).K Kelvin (temperature).kHz kilohertz.
km kilometer, kilometers.kn knot, knots.
L latitude; lower limb correction for moon.l difference of latitude; logarithm, loga-rithmic.
LAN local apparent noon.
mb millibar(s).
MC magnetic course.
mc megacycle, megacycles; megacycles per
second.
MC&G mapping, charting and geodesy.MCPA minutes to closest point of approach.Mer. Pass. meridian passage.MF medium frequency.
MGRS military grid reference system.MH magnetic heading.
MHHW mean higher high water.MHHWL mean higher high water line.LANBY large automatic navigational buoy.LASH lighter aboard ship.LAT local apparent time.lat. latitude.
LF low frequency.L.Fl. long flashing.LHA local hour angle.LHW lower high water.
LHWI lower high water interval.LL lower limb.
LLW lower low water.
LLWD lower low water datum.LLWI lower low water interval.
Lm middle latitude; mean latitude.LMT local mean time.
LNB large navigational buoy.LNG liquified natural gas.LPG liquified petroleum gas.Log logarithm, logarithmic.
Loge natural logarithm (to the base e).Log10 common logarithm (to the base 10).Long. longitude.
LOP line of position.LST local sidereal time.Lt. light.
Lt Ho light house.Lt V light vessel.LW low water.
LWD low water datum.
LWI low water interval; mean low water
LWQ tropic low water inequality.
M celestial body; meridian (upper branch);
m meridian (lower branch); meridional dif-mag. magnetic; magnitude.
MARAD United States Maritime Administration.MB magnetic bearing.
lunitidal interval.
M
magnetic (direction); meridional parts;nautical mile, miles; other ship.
ference; meter,(s); U.S. survey mile,miles; end of other ship’s true vector;minutes.
MHW mean high water.
MHWI mean high water lunitidal interval.MHWL mean high water line.
MHWN neap high water or high water neaps.MHWS mean high water springs.MHz megahertz.mi. mile, miles.mid middle.min. minute(s).
MLLW mean lower low water.MLLWL mean lower low water line.MLW mean low water.
MLWI mean low water lunitidal interval.MLWL mean low water line.
MLWN neap low water or low water neaps.MLWS mean low water springs.mm millimeters.
Mn mean range of tide.mo(s) month(s).
MODU mobile offshore drilling unit.Mon monument.
Mo.(U) Morse Uniform (light).mph miles per hour.
MPP most probable position.MRI mean rise interval.
MRM miles of relative movement.ms millisecond(s).
MSC Military Sealift Command.MSI maritime safety information.MSL mean sea level.
MTI moving target indication.MTL mean tide level.MWL mean water level.MWLL mean water level line.MZn magnetic azimuth.
N north; nun.
n natural (trigonometric function).Na nadir.
NAD North American Datum.
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Admin-N
istration.
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 877
NAUTO nautophone.
NAVINFONET Navigation Information Network.NAVSAT Navy Navigation Satellite System.NAVSSI navigation sensor system interface.NBDP narrow band direct printing.NBS National Bureau of Standards.NCS network coordination station.NESS National Earth Satellite Service.NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum.
NLT not less than (used with danger bearing).n. mi. nautical mile(s).
NM nautical mile, miles; notice to mariners.PPI plan position indicator.PRF pulse repetition frequency.Priv private; privately.PROHIB prohibited.
PRR pulse repetition rate.
Ps south pole; south celestial pole.psc per standard compass.p stg c per steering compass.Pub. publication.PV prime vertical.Pyl pylon.
NMEA National Marine Electronics Associa-NMT not more than (used with danger bear-NNSS Navy Navigation Satellite System.
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-NOS National Ocean Service.NRML new relative movement line.NtM notice to mariners.
NWS National Weather Service.
Obsc obscured.
Obs Spot Observation spot.Obstr obstruction.Oc. occulting.
Oc.(2) group occulting.
Oc.(2+1) composite group occulting.Occas occasional.
ODAS oceanographic data acquisition systems.Or orange.
OTC officer in tactical command.OTSR Optimum Track Ship Routing.
P atmospheric pressure; parallax; planet;
p departure; polar distance.PA position approximate.
PC personal correction; personal computer.PD position doubtful.PCA polar cap absorption.PCD polar cap disturbance.
PCP potential point of collision.pgc per gyrocompass.P in A parallax in altitude.PM pulse modulation.
PM post meridian (after noon).Pn north pole; north celestial pole.PPC predicted propagation correction.PPDB point positioning data base.
tion.
ing).
ministration.
O
P
pole; pillar.
Q quick flashing.
Q(3) group quick flashing (3 flashes).
Q(6)+L.Fl. group quick flashing (6 flashes) plus a
Q Polaris correction.QQ’ celestial equator.
r R Rankine (temperature); refraction; own
RA right ascension.
RACON radar transponder beacon.rad radian(s).
RB relative bearing.R Bn radiobeacon.
RCC Rescue Coordination Center.
RDF radio direction finder, RDF station.Rep. reported.rev. reversed.
RF (rf) radio frequency.R Fix running fix.rk rock, rocky.RLG ring laser gyro.
rm relative DRM-SRM vector.R Mast radio mast.RORO roll-on/roll-off.
RML relative movement line.RMS root mean square.RSS root sum square.
RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Mari-RZn relative azimuth.
s second(s).
S sea-air temperature difference correc-Q
long flash.
R
end of own ship’s true vector.
ship; red; rocky; coast radio station.
time Services.
S
tion; slow; south; set; speed; sand.
878 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSSALM single anchor leg mooring.SAM system area monitor.SAR search and rescue.
SART search and rescue radar transponder.SBM single buoy mooring.
SD semidiameter; sounding doubtful. sec secant.
sec. second, seconds.semidur. semiduration.
SENC system electronic navigation chart.SES ship earth station.
SF Secondary Phase Factor.TD time difference (Loran C).Tel telephone; telegraph.
TG time difference of groundwaves from
master and secondary (slave) stations(Loran).
TGS time difference of groundwave from
master and skywave from secondary(slave) station (Loran).
TH true heading.TMG track made good.TOD time of day (clock).Tk tank.SH SHA sidereal hour angle.SHF super high frequency.
SI International System of Units.SID sudden ionospheric disturbance.sin sine.
SINS Ships Inertial Navigation System.SLD sea level datum.SMG speed made good.SNR signal-to-noise ratio.SOA speed of advance.SOG speed over ground.
SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea Convention.SP spire; spherical.
SPA sudden phase anomaly.SPM single point mooring.
SRM speed of relative movement.SS signal station.
U.S. Sur M U.S. Survey mile(s).sub, subm submerged.
T air temperature correction (altitude); ta-t dry-bulb temperature; elapsed time; me-t' wet-bulb temperature.tab. table.
TAI International Atomic Time.tan tangent.
TB true bearing; turning bearing; air temper-TC true course.
TCA time of satellite closest approach.TCPA time to closest point of approach.TcHHW tropic higher high water.
TcHHWI tropic higher high water interval.TcHLW tropic higher low water.TcLHW tropic lower high water.TcLLW tropic lower low water.
TcLLWI tropic lower low water interval.
ship’s head (heading).T
ble; temperature; time; toward (altitudeintercept); true (direction).
ridian angle.
ature atmospheric pressure correction(altitude).
TR track.
Tr transit; tower.
Ts time difference of skywaves from master
TSG time difference of skywave from master
TSS traffic separation scheme.TZn true azimuth.
U upper limb correction for moon.UHF ultra high frequency.UL upper limb.Uncov uncovers.
UPS Universal Polar Stereographic.U.Q. ultra quick flashing.
USGS United States Geodetic Survey.
USWMS Uniform State Waterway Marking Sys-UT Universal Time.UT0 Universal Time 0.UTl Universal Time 1.UT2 Universal Time 2.
UTC Coordinated Universal Time.UTM Universal Transverse Mercator.
V variation; vertex.
v var. variation.vel velocity.Ver vertical.
VHF very high frequency.VHSD very high speed data.Vi violet.
VLCC very large crude carrier.VLF very low frequency.VPF vector product format.
and secondary (slave) stations (Loran).
and groundwave from secondary (slave)station (Loran).
U
tem.
V
excess of GHA change from adopted val-ue for 1 hour.
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 879
vol volcano; volcanic.VPF vector product format.V.Q. very quick flashing.
V.Q.(3) group very quick flashing.VRM variable range marker.VTS vessel traffic service.
WT watch time.
X – Y – Z
X parallactic angle.XMTR transmitter.y. yellow.yd(s). yard(s).yr(s). year(s).
z zenith distance.
Z azimuth angle; zenith.W
W west; white.
WARC World Administrative Radio Council.WE watch error.
WGS World Geodetic System.Wk wreck.
WMO World Meteorological Organization.WWNWS World Wide Navigational Warning Ser-vice.
ZD zone description.
Z Diff. azimuth angle difference.Zn azimuth.
Znpgc azimuth per gyrocompass.
880 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS