非延续性动词
. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时
1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如: The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式) 。如:
(1)他已经死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die 、come 为非延续性动词,不能与表示" 段时间" 的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→been away, borrow→keep, buy→have,
begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a
cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示" 段时间" 的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型" 时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4. 非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为" 直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5. 非延续性动词可以用于when 引导的时间中,但不可以用于while 引导的时间状语从句中。when 表示的时间是" 点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词) ,也可以是" 段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词) 。而while 表示的是一个较
长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为非延续性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6. 非延续性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式) 。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
延续性动词
动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。表示能够延续的动作。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since 时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
终止性动词也称短暂性动词、非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作, 这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
两者的转换 leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in 组织机构, be a member of 组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out, put on→ wear;catch a cold →have a cold,get married---be married等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.
非延续性动词
. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时
1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如: The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式) 。如:
(1)他已经死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die 、come 为非延续性动词,不能与表示" 段时间" 的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→been away, borrow→keep, buy→have,
begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a
cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示" 段时间" 的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型" 时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4. 非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为" 直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5. 非延续性动词可以用于when 引导的时间中,但不可以用于while 引导的时间状语从句中。when 表示的时间是" 点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词) ,也可以是" 段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词) 。而while 表示的是一个较
长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为非延续性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6. 非延续性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式) 。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
延续性动词
动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。表示能够延续的动作。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since 时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
终止性动词也称短暂性动词、非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作, 这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
两者的转换 leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in 组织机构, be a member of 组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out, put on→ wear;catch a cold →have a cold,get married---be married等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.