专题一 英语的五种基本句型
先看下面句子:
1. I am a Webaholic. 2. I like chatting on line.
3. Chatting on the Internet is interesting.
4. Chatting on the Internet brings me a lot of fun. 5. We can call Internet addicts a Webaholic. 6. Internet dating hurts.
一是,以___________________/________________/______________________开头,表明我们要陈述的对象,这就是句子的_________________。
二是,在主语的后面紧接__________,如_________________________________, 来说明主语做什么,或描述主语的状况。动词及其后面的成分,我们称之为____________________。
所以我们可以总结出,一个完整的句子都有两大部分组成:即:陈述对象+陈述内容,或者_____________+_______________或者 名词+动词。
总结:这五种基本句型,关键在于谓语动词,可以说,动词构成了一个句子的骨架。所以,在学习英语单词时,要特别关注动词的用法特点。如果不知道动词的用法,就不可能正确的造句。如果把英语句子比喻成一棵大树的话,那个这五种句型的基本构成就是法术的主干,其他的修饰语都是枝叶。
句型一:主语+系动词+表语
系动词,又叫连系动词(linking verb),这种动词不表示具体的动作,只是起到连接主语和后面成分的作用。这种动词后面所连接的成分是用来说明主语的特点,表明主语的性质特征的,因此我们称之为主语补足语,或者表语(能表示主语特征的成分)。常见系动词分为三类:be动词,感官类动词,变化类动词。
请分析一下例句,并划出主系表结构,注意用作表语的词通常是哪些词? 1. That girl is my girl friend.
2. Learning English is important.
3. It sounds a good idea.
4. She felt a bit dizzy.
5. He stood there and felt a stranger.
6. Gradually he became silent
7. When she saw it, she turned red.
8. She went pale at the news.
除了以上常见了系动词,还有一些系动词可以构成主系表结构。 如,1. He seemed quite normal.
2. She appeared calm.
3. His advice proved right. 4. She remained calm.
5. They stayed awake to see the beautiful moon. 6. The weather continued fine for several days.
强化训练:造句: 1. 他成了一名老师。 2. 他看起来很开心。 3. 老师生气了。
4. 叶子在秋天就会变成黄色。 5. 牛奶变酸了。
6. 天气继续刮风下雨。
句型二:主语+谓语
该句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,所表示的动作没有作用对象,其本身的意思完整,后面不需要带宾语。在字典李表示为vi.
请分析一下例句,并划出主谓结构。 1. He died.
2. The sun rises and the sun sets.
3. Tim is sleeping.
4. I’ll try.
5. The bomb blew up.
6. The sun sets in the west.
7. He works hard.
注意:6,7:这两个句子中的谓语动词的后面虽然没有接宾语,但通常会接_________(如,hard)或者_____________(如in the west)来说明动作的方式、地点或者时间等等。英文中把这种修饰动作的成分叫做状语。
如,They shouted loudly. (loudly作_____________)
He died at home. (at home 作________________) He died in 2007. (in 2007作_________________) 注意:有些及物动词也可转化为不及物动词来用,常见的此类动词有wash,sell,lock, wear,write,read等。 如,This new pen writes very smoothly.
My recent book sells very well. The window won't shut. The door locks automatically.
强化训练:造句: 1. 她从不撒谎。 2. 大火发生在夜里。 3. 车别开的这么快。 4. 太阳正在升起。 5. 汽车坏了。
句型三:主语+谓语+宾语
该句型的谓语动词是及物动词,这种动词告诉我们 由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是什么, 这里所作用的对象 就是我们通常称之为 宾语。即 宾语是主语动作的承受者。英文中绝大多数动词都是及物动词,在字典中标为vt.
请分析一下例句,并划出主谓宾结构,并注意哪些成分在句中可以充当宾语。 1. I love poetry.
2. He speaks English well.
3. Now I’ll introduce myself.
4. Last night he dreamed a sweet dream.
5. We can put off the meeting.
6. He decided to move to Beijing.
7. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?
8. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.
9. I don’t care what they say.
强化训练:造句:
1. 他已经接受了我们的帮助。
2. 我从图书馆借了四本书。
3. 请把鞋脱掉。
4. 他想回家。
5. 我听说他们已经离开了郑州了。
6. 我不能想象对我妈妈说谎。
7. 我建议他们应该去看看医生。
8. 我问他他能否给我一些建议。
句型四:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
该句型的谓语动词是双宾动词,这种动词的后面所接的成分有“人”又有“物”。一般来讲,这里的“人”表示动作的接受者,称作间接宾语。“物”表示动作作用的对象,是动作的承受者,称作直接宾语。间接宾语和直接宾语合起来叫做双宾语。间接宾语一般谓语直接宾语之前,也可位于其后,但此时在间接宾语的前面需要加上介词to或者for. ① 直、间宾语易位需加to的动词
to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着、向着、对着某人,常见此类动词有:bring, give, hand, pass, post, promise,read, return, show, teach, tell, lend等。
如,Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me. ② 直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词
for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为某人、替某人。常见此类动词有:buy, choose, cook, draw, find, fetch, make, order, paint, purchase, save,spare等。
如,My parents bought me a bike. = My parents bought a bike for me. ③ 既可加to也可加for的动词
常见的此类动词主要有:do, get, play, sing
如,Could I read you the letter?= Could I read this letter to/for you?
请分析一下例句,并划出主谓双宾结构. 1. He lent me ten yuan.
2. I gave him my book.
3. He showed the guard his passport.
4. I'll make you some fresh tea.
5. Can you play me some light music?
6. She wrote Tom that she was coming to Paris.
7. I have warned him that it is not allowed.
8. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?
9. Show me where your leg hurts.
10. I'll tell you what I read in today’s paper.
句型五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
该句型中的谓语动词后面接宾语,宾语后面又接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的状态。宾语和宾语补足语合起来叫做复合宾语。
上一节中我们学到了主语+谓语+双宾语,今天学了主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,区分方法很简单:如果在宾语的后面加上be动词,若能构成一个语义通顺的句子,则是补足语。因为宾语和宾语补足语的语义关系就类似于一个“主系表”结构,所以,在宾语的后面添加上一个系动词be,自然就应该构成一个逻辑语义通顺的句子。 注意比较以下两个句子: 1. I made John our chairman.
2. I made John a cake.
请分析一下例句,并划出主谓宾宾补结构,并且试着分析哪些成分可以做宾语补足语。 1. Keep the window open.
2. I found the book very interesting.
3. I consider Lily my best friend.
4. The parents named their daughter Alice.
5. Rosa asked me to drive carefully.
6. Jeff told me not to let out the news.
7. I saw her chatting with Nancy.
8. Don’t keep your children watching Tv all the time.
9. I must get my watch repaired.
10. Don’t have children at home all day.
专题一 英语的五种基本句型
先看下面句子:
1. I am a Webaholic. 2. I like chatting on line.
3. Chatting on the Internet is interesting.
4. Chatting on the Internet brings me a lot of fun. 5. We can call Internet addicts a Webaholic. 6. Internet dating hurts.
一是,以___________________/________________/______________________开头,表明我们要陈述的对象,这就是句子的_________________。
二是,在主语的后面紧接__________,如_________________________________, 来说明主语做什么,或描述主语的状况。动词及其后面的成分,我们称之为____________________。
所以我们可以总结出,一个完整的句子都有两大部分组成:即:陈述对象+陈述内容,或者_____________+_______________或者 名词+动词。
总结:这五种基本句型,关键在于谓语动词,可以说,动词构成了一个句子的骨架。所以,在学习英语单词时,要特别关注动词的用法特点。如果不知道动词的用法,就不可能正确的造句。如果把英语句子比喻成一棵大树的话,那个这五种句型的基本构成就是法术的主干,其他的修饰语都是枝叶。
句型一:主语+系动词+表语
系动词,又叫连系动词(linking verb),这种动词不表示具体的动作,只是起到连接主语和后面成分的作用。这种动词后面所连接的成分是用来说明主语的特点,表明主语的性质特征的,因此我们称之为主语补足语,或者表语(能表示主语特征的成分)。常见系动词分为三类:be动词,感官类动词,变化类动词。
请分析一下例句,并划出主系表结构,注意用作表语的词通常是哪些词? 1. That girl is my girl friend.
2. Learning English is important.
3. It sounds a good idea.
4. She felt a bit dizzy.
5. He stood there and felt a stranger.
6. Gradually he became silent
7. When she saw it, she turned red.
8. She went pale at the news.
除了以上常见了系动词,还有一些系动词可以构成主系表结构。 如,1. He seemed quite normal.
2. She appeared calm.
3. His advice proved right. 4. She remained calm.
5. They stayed awake to see the beautiful moon. 6. The weather continued fine for several days.
强化训练:造句: 1. 他成了一名老师。 2. 他看起来很开心。 3. 老师生气了。
4. 叶子在秋天就会变成黄色。 5. 牛奶变酸了。
6. 天气继续刮风下雨。
句型二:主语+谓语
该句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,所表示的动作没有作用对象,其本身的意思完整,后面不需要带宾语。在字典李表示为vi.
请分析一下例句,并划出主谓结构。 1. He died.
2. The sun rises and the sun sets.
3. Tim is sleeping.
4. I’ll try.
5. The bomb blew up.
6. The sun sets in the west.
7. He works hard.
注意:6,7:这两个句子中的谓语动词的后面虽然没有接宾语,但通常会接_________(如,hard)或者_____________(如in the west)来说明动作的方式、地点或者时间等等。英文中把这种修饰动作的成分叫做状语。
如,They shouted loudly. (loudly作_____________)
He died at home. (at home 作________________) He died in 2007. (in 2007作_________________) 注意:有些及物动词也可转化为不及物动词来用,常见的此类动词有wash,sell,lock, wear,write,read等。 如,This new pen writes very smoothly.
My recent book sells very well. The window won't shut. The door locks automatically.
强化训练:造句: 1. 她从不撒谎。 2. 大火发生在夜里。 3. 车别开的这么快。 4. 太阳正在升起。 5. 汽车坏了。
句型三:主语+谓语+宾语
该句型的谓语动词是及物动词,这种动词告诉我们 由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是什么, 这里所作用的对象 就是我们通常称之为 宾语。即 宾语是主语动作的承受者。英文中绝大多数动词都是及物动词,在字典中标为vt.
请分析一下例句,并划出主谓宾结构,并注意哪些成分在句中可以充当宾语。 1. I love poetry.
2. He speaks English well.
3. Now I’ll introduce myself.
4. Last night he dreamed a sweet dream.
5. We can put off the meeting.
6. He decided to move to Beijing.
7. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?
8. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.
9. I don’t care what they say.
强化训练:造句:
1. 他已经接受了我们的帮助。
2. 我从图书馆借了四本书。
3. 请把鞋脱掉。
4. 他想回家。
5. 我听说他们已经离开了郑州了。
6. 我不能想象对我妈妈说谎。
7. 我建议他们应该去看看医生。
8. 我问他他能否给我一些建议。
句型四:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
该句型的谓语动词是双宾动词,这种动词的后面所接的成分有“人”又有“物”。一般来讲,这里的“人”表示动作的接受者,称作间接宾语。“物”表示动作作用的对象,是动作的承受者,称作直接宾语。间接宾语和直接宾语合起来叫做双宾语。间接宾语一般谓语直接宾语之前,也可位于其后,但此时在间接宾语的前面需要加上介词to或者for. ① 直、间宾语易位需加to的动词
to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着、向着、对着某人,常见此类动词有:bring, give, hand, pass, post, promise,read, return, show, teach, tell, lend等。
如,Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me. ② 直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词
for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为某人、替某人。常见此类动词有:buy, choose, cook, draw, find, fetch, make, order, paint, purchase, save,spare等。
如,My parents bought me a bike. = My parents bought a bike for me. ③ 既可加to也可加for的动词
常见的此类动词主要有:do, get, play, sing
如,Could I read you the letter?= Could I read this letter to/for you?
请分析一下例句,并划出主谓双宾结构. 1. He lent me ten yuan.
2. I gave him my book.
3. He showed the guard his passport.
4. I'll make you some fresh tea.
5. Can you play me some light music?
6. She wrote Tom that she was coming to Paris.
7. I have warned him that it is not allowed.
8. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?
9. Show me where your leg hurts.
10. I'll tell you what I read in today’s paper.
句型五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
该句型中的谓语动词后面接宾语,宾语后面又接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的状态。宾语和宾语补足语合起来叫做复合宾语。
上一节中我们学到了主语+谓语+双宾语,今天学了主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,区分方法很简单:如果在宾语的后面加上be动词,若能构成一个语义通顺的句子,则是补足语。因为宾语和宾语补足语的语义关系就类似于一个“主系表”结构,所以,在宾语的后面添加上一个系动词be,自然就应该构成一个逻辑语义通顺的句子。 注意比较以下两个句子: 1. I made John our chairman.
2. I made John a cake.
请分析一下例句,并划出主谓宾宾补结构,并且试着分析哪些成分可以做宾语补足语。 1. Keep the window open.
2. I found the book very interesting.
3. I consider Lily my best friend.
4. The parents named their daughter Alice.
5. Rosa asked me to drive carefully.
6. Jeff told me not to let out the news.
7. I saw her chatting with Nancy.
8. Don’t keep your children watching Tv all the time.
9. I must get my watch repaired.
10. Don’t have children at home all day.