话题二 地理、历史类
一、识记下列单词
Hong Kong香港, Macao 澳门, Canada 加拿大, Korea 韩国, Japan 日本, Russia 俄国, Egypt 埃及,
The United States 美国, France 法国, Germany 德国, Australia 澳大利亚, India 印度, Asia 亚洲, Africa 非洲, Europe 欧洲, Greece 希腊, Italy 意大利, Spain 西班牙, North America 北美洲, South America 南美洲, Oceania 大洋洲, Antarctic 南极洲, the Pacific Ocean太平洋, the Atlantic Ocean大西洋, the Indian Ocean 印度洋, the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋, New York 纽约, London 伦敦, Paris 巴黎, Tokyo 东京, Sydney 悉尼, Denmark 丹麦, Pakistan巴基斯坦, strait海峡, border 边界, continent大洲,大陆, urban 城市的, rural 农村的, geography 地理, geographer 地理学家, hemisphere 半球, horizon 地平线, equator 赤道, tropics 热带地区, time zone 时区, plain 平原, the Arctic 北极, the Antarctic (Antarctica)南极, expedition 探险, plateau (highland)高地, lowland 低地, basin 盆地, cave 洞穴 , underground 地底下, coastland 沿海地区, island 岛屿, peninsular 半岛, continent 大陆, volcanic island 火山岛, coral island 珊瑚岛, continental shelf 大陆架, ranges 山脉, valley 峡谷, canyon 峡谷, channel (strait)海峡. harbor 海港 ocean bottom 海床. tropical 热带的. province 省 port 港口 statue 雕像 historical 与历史有关的 ancestor 祖先, king 国王, emperor 黄帝, Queen 女王, prince 王子, princess 公主,castle 城堡, dynasty 朝代, nation 民族, slave 奴隶, slavery 奴隶制度, independence 独立, liberation 解放, liberty/freedom自由, revolution 革命, royal 皇室的,皇家的, ancient 古代的, architecture 建筑学 collection 收藏品 tradition 传统 cultural relics 文化遗产 valuable 有价值的 rare 稀有的,珍贵的 survive 生还 former 以前的 rebuild 重建 local 当地的 evidence 证据 racial 种族的 society 社会 socialism 社会主义 reform 改革
二.地区的介绍(词汇,句型)
一、地理位置
(一) 表示“位置”的句型:
◆ 某地 + be located in/at/on…某地坐落于…。如:
The new building will be located in the center of town. 这座大楼将建在市中心。
某地 + be situated in/on/at... 某地坐落于…。如:
The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。
某地 + be surrounded by/with… 某地被…环绕着/包围着。如:
The city is surrounded by suburbs. 城市被郊区包围着。
(二) 表示“海拔”的句型:
某地+ lies + 数词 + metres above sea-level。某地海拔…米。如:
Xizang lies at an average of 4,000 metres above sea-level.
西藏平均海拔4000公尺
【单句翻译练习1】
◆ 中国位于亚洲东部,太平洋的西岸。______________________________________________
这个美丽的公园坐落于湖的沿岸。________________________________________________
这个村子坐落在群山之中。______________________________________________________
二、占地面积
(一) 表示“占地面积”的句型:
① 某地 + covers an area of ...。 某地占地…面积。如:
The small town covers an area of 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。
② 某地 + takes up + ... 。某地占地…面积。如:
Xingjiang takes up about one-sixth of our territory. 新疆占我国国土的六分之一。
③ 某地 + is + 数词 + long and +数词 +单位词 wide 。某地多长多宽。如:
The garden is 30 metres long and 20 metres wide. 这花园长三十米, 宽二十米。
(二) 常用度量单位:inch 英寸,foot 英尺, mile 英里, millimetre 毫米,centimetre 厘米, metre 米, kilometers 公里, square metres平方米, square kilometres 平方公里。
【单句翻译练习2】
◆ 我们学校占地120亩。 __________________________________________
这个县全境东西长78公里,南北宽40公里。
_____________________________________________________________________
三、人口状况
(一) 询问“人口”: What’s the population of + 某地? 这个国家有多少人口?
(二) 表述“人口”的数量:
①某地 + has a large/small population。某地人口众多/稀少。
②某地 + has a population of + 数词。某地有…人口。如:
This city has a population of more than 1,000,000. 这个城市人口超过一百万。
③ The population of + 地名 is + 数词。某地有……人口。
The rural population of the county is 400,000. 这个县的农村人口为40万。
④数词+ percent of the population are ... 。百分之…的人口是…。如:
Eighty percent of the population here are farmers.
百分之八十的人口是农民。
【单句翻译练习3】
◆ 这个村子有5000人, 大多数人为渔民。_______________________________________________________ 中国人口众多,有十三多亿人口。 ____________________________________________________________
四、历史背景
◆ 某地 + has a long history of ... years. 某地有…年的历史。
The old tower has a long history of 2000 years. 古塔有两千年的历史
某地 + is a ... place/ country with... history. 某地是具有…年历史的地方/国家。
Egypt is an Arabian country with a long history. 埃及是一个具有悠久历史的阿拉伯国家。
某地 + date back to / date from... 从…时就有的, 回溯到…, 远在…年代。
The old town dates back to the late seventeenth century. 这座古城建于十七世纪后期。
【单句翻译练习4】
◆ 中国有五千年的悠久历史文明古国。______________________________________________________ 伦敦始建于公元43年。_________________________________________________________________
五、自然特点
(一) 常用句型:
①某地 + be covered with + ....某地为……所覆盖。
This area is covered with grassland. 这个地区为草原所覆盖。
②某地 + be made up of /consists of…某地由…组成。如:
Sichuan Province is made up of a basin and some mountainous areas.四川省是由一个盆地和山区组成。
(二) 常用词语:continent 大陆, mainland大陆,mountain 山脉, plain 平原,grassland 草原, desert沙漠,forest 森林,valley 山谷地,island 岛,ocean 大洋,peak 山顶, 巅,slope 山坡,hill 小山,rock 岩石,bank 河岸,stream 小溪,source 源头,spring 泉水,canal 运河,lake 湖泊,pond 池塘,basin 盆地,coast 海岸,gulf 海湾,beach 海滩,shore 海滩,tide 潮,wave 浪,shore 海岸,strait 海峡,waterfall 瀑布。
【单句翻译练习5】
◆这个岛的三分之一都是森林。______________________________________________________________ 海南省由海南岛和附近的小岛及广阔的海域组成。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
六、资源特色
(一) 常用的句型有:
① 某地 + be rich/abundant in某地含有丰富的…,盛产…。
② 某地 + be famous/well-known for 某地因…而闻名。
③ The main agricultural products are...主要农产品是…。
④ 产品 +stands in the world’s forefront. 某产品位居世界前列。
(二) 常用词语:① natural resources自然资源, mineral 矿物,矿石 ② apple 苹果, pear 梨, peach 桃,grape 葡萄, banana 香蕉, watermelon 西瓜, orange 橙, 桔子, mango 芒果, cherry 樱桃, peanut 花生,date 枣, sugarcane 甘蔗 ③ zebra 斑马, antelope 羚羊, deer 鹿, giraffe 长颈鹿, camel 骆驼, elephant 象, panda 熊猫, lion 狮, tiger 虎, squirrel 松鼠, bear 熊, monkey 猴子, kangaroo 袋鼠, koala 考拉, whale 鲸, dolphin 海豚 ④coal 煤, oil 石油, gas 煤气, gold 黄金, silver 银, copper 铜, iron 铁, steel 钢。 ⑤wheat 小麦, corn 玉米, grain 谷物, rice 稻米, potato 马铃薯。
【单句翻译练习6】
◆ 灵台县主要农产品是小麦、玉米、豆类和马铃薯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
新疆有丰富的自然资源,以葡萄而闻名。__________________________________________________
七、风景名胜
(一) 列举“风景名胜”:
①There are many places of interest, such as... 有许多名胜,比如…。
There are quite a lot of places of interest in Xi’an, such as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses,the old City Wall and so on. 西安有许多名胜,比如兵马俑、古城墙等。
②某地 +has many places of interest, among which is...某地有许多名胜,其中就有…。
Beijing has many places of interest, among which is the Forbidden City.北京有许多名胜,其中就有紫禁城.
(二) 表述地区的特色:
①某地 + is famous / well-known for...。某地因…而闻名。
Hangzhou is famous/well-known for its beautiful West Lake. 杭州以它美丽的西湖而著名。
②某地 + is famous /well-known as ...。某地作为…而闻名。
Beijing is famous as the capital of China. 北京作为中国的首都而闻名。
八、天气、气候
1. It enjoys a pleasant weather, neither too hot nor too cold.
2. The climate of the province is extremely tropical. At times during the rainy season, temperatures reach the 80's and are accompanied by heavy downpours. Hainan is extremely prone to typhoons, which generally cause severe flooding.
3. QD is a splendid and agreeable seaside resort, with its mild winter and cool summer. I enjoy the fascinating spring there when I usually go travelling
4. Numerous canyons and valleys also characterize the region, making it an area of diverse climatic conditions. The predominant weather influence is the warm, moist Pacific air, keeping temperatures mild throughout the year. Summers are dry and sunny—the city averages 329 days of sun per year—with most of the precipitation occurring during the winter months.
5. China is a big country where the climate varies from place to place. Climate in the north is always dry and receives little rain while the south is much more wet and has sufficient rainfall.
【书面表达练习1】
根据以下内容写一篇100词左右的说明文,标题为“Australia”。
1. 澳大利亚位于太平洋的西侧,是大洋洲 (Oceania) 最大的国家,面积760万平方公里。
2. 人口稀少,只有1,000多万,多数集中在东部沿海地区。
3. 首都堪培拉(Canberra )风景秀丽。
4. 悉尼 (Sydney) 是澳大利亚最大城市。有许多名胜,其中悉尼歌剧院 (Opera House) 闻名于世。2000年奥运会就是在悉尼举行的。
【书面表达练习2】
请同学们写一篇短文介绍港口城市青岛,内容要求如下:
1、位于山东省东部。
2、以蓝色的大海,美丽的海滨而闻名,是避暑胜地。
3、每年夏天来自全国各地成千上万的人们到这里沿海漫步、游泳、购物、观赏秀丽景色。
4、近年来城市发生巨大变化,对发展我国对外贸易起重要作用,成为国际港口城市。
地理、历史类话题答案专页
地区的介绍
【单句翻译练习1】
◆ China lies in the east of Asia and on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean.
The beautiful town is located along the shore of the lake.
The village lies among the mountains.
【单句翻译练习2】
◆ Our school covers an area of 120 mu .
This county is 78 kilometres long from west to east and 40 kilometres wide from north to south.
【单句翻译练习3】
◆ The village has a population of 5000, most of whom are fishermen.
China has a large population of 1,300,000,000.
【单句翻译练习4】
◆ China is a civilized country with a long history of 5000 years.
London dates back to 43. A. D.
【单句翻译练习5】
◆ One-third of the island is covered with forest.
Hainan Province consists of Hainan Island and neighbouring isles as well as wide sea areas.
【单句翻译练习6】
◆ The main agricultural products in Lingtai county are wheat, corn, bean and potato.
Xingjiang is rich is natural resources. It’s famous for grapes.
【书面表达练习1】
Australia
Australia, the largest country in Oceania, lies on the west coast of the Pacific. It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers. It has a small population of over 10 million. Most of its population live in the east of the country by the sea. Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a beautiful city. Sydney is the biggest city in Australia, which has many places of interest. The Opera House is well known all over the world. The 2000 Olympic Games were held in Sydney.
【书面表达练习2】
The city of Qingdao is in the east of Shangdong Province. It is famous for the blue sea and beautiful beaches. It is a wonderful place for summer holidays. Tens of thousands of people from all parts of the country visit Qingdao every summer. They walk along the beach, go swimming or do some shopping. They can see fine view of the city.
Great changes have taken place in Qingdao in the recent years. It has played an important part in the development of the foreign trade of our country. It has become an international port city
话题二 地理、历史类
一、识记下列单词
Hong Kong香港, Macao 澳门, Canada 加拿大, Korea 韩国, Japan 日本, Russia 俄国, Egypt 埃及,
The United States 美国, France 法国, Germany 德国, Australia 澳大利亚, India 印度, Asia 亚洲, Africa 非洲, Europe 欧洲, Greece 希腊, Italy 意大利, Spain 西班牙, North America 北美洲, South America 南美洲, Oceania 大洋洲, Antarctic 南极洲, the Pacific Ocean太平洋, the Atlantic Ocean大西洋, the Indian Ocean 印度洋, the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋, New York 纽约, London 伦敦, Paris 巴黎, Tokyo 东京, Sydney 悉尼, Denmark 丹麦, Pakistan巴基斯坦, strait海峡, border 边界, continent大洲,大陆, urban 城市的, rural 农村的, geography 地理, geographer 地理学家, hemisphere 半球, horizon 地平线, equator 赤道, tropics 热带地区, time zone 时区, plain 平原, the Arctic 北极, the Antarctic (Antarctica)南极, expedition 探险, plateau (highland)高地, lowland 低地, basin 盆地, cave 洞穴 , underground 地底下, coastland 沿海地区, island 岛屿, peninsular 半岛, continent 大陆, volcanic island 火山岛, coral island 珊瑚岛, continental shelf 大陆架, ranges 山脉, valley 峡谷, canyon 峡谷, channel (strait)海峡. harbor 海港 ocean bottom 海床. tropical 热带的. province 省 port 港口 statue 雕像 historical 与历史有关的 ancestor 祖先, king 国王, emperor 黄帝, Queen 女王, prince 王子, princess 公主,castle 城堡, dynasty 朝代, nation 民族, slave 奴隶, slavery 奴隶制度, independence 独立, liberation 解放, liberty/freedom自由, revolution 革命, royal 皇室的,皇家的, ancient 古代的, architecture 建筑学 collection 收藏品 tradition 传统 cultural relics 文化遗产 valuable 有价值的 rare 稀有的,珍贵的 survive 生还 former 以前的 rebuild 重建 local 当地的 evidence 证据 racial 种族的 society 社会 socialism 社会主义 reform 改革
二.地区的介绍(词汇,句型)
一、地理位置
(一) 表示“位置”的句型:
◆ 某地 + be located in/at/on…某地坐落于…。如:
The new building will be located in the center of town. 这座大楼将建在市中心。
某地 + be situated in/on/at... 某地坐落于…。如:
The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。
某地 + be surrounded by/with… 某地被…环绕着/包围着。如:
The city is surrounded by suburbs. 城市被郊区包围着。
(二) 表示“海拔”的句型:
某地+ lies + 数词 + metres above sea-level。某地海拔…米。如:
Xizang lies at an average of 4,000 metres above sea-level.
西藏平均海拔4000公尺
【单句翻译练习1】
◆ 中国位于亚洲东部,太平洋的西岸。______________________________________________
这个美丽的公园坐落于湖的沿岸。________________________________________________
这个村子坐落在群山之中。______________________________________________________
二、占地面积
(一) 表示“占地面积”的句型:
① 某地 + covers an area of ...。 某地占地…面积。如:
The small town covers an area of 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。
② 某地 + takes up + ... 。某地占地…面积。如:
Xingjiang takes up about one-sixth of our territory. 新疆占我国国土的六分之一。
③ 某地 + is + 数词 + long and +数词 +单位词 wide 。某地多长多宽。如:
The garden is 30 metres long and 20 metres wide. 这花园长三十米, 宽二十米。
(二) 常用度量单位:inch 英寸,foot 英尺, mile 英里, millimetre 毫米,centimetre 厘米, metre 米, kilometers 公里, square metres平方米, square kilometres 平方公里。
【单句翻译练习2】
◆ 我们学校占地120亩。 __________________________________________
这个县全境东西长78公里,南北宽40公里。
_____________________________________________________________________
三、人口状况
(一) 询问“人口”: What’s the population of + 某地? 这个国家有多少人口?
(二) 表述“人口”的数量:
①某地 + has a large/small population。某地人口众多/稀少。
②某地 + has a population of + 数词。某地有…人口。如:
This city has a population of more than 1,000,000. 这个城市人口超过一百万。
③ The population of + 地名 is + 数词。某地有……人口。
The rural population of the county is 400,000. 这个县的农村人口为40万。
④数词+ percent of the population are ... 。百分之…的人口是…。如:
Eighty percent of the population here are farmers.
百分之八十的人口是农民。
【单句翻译练习3】
◆ 这个村子有5000人, 大多数人为渔民。_______________________________________________________ 中国人口众多,有十三多亿人口。 ____________________________________________________________
四、历史背景
◆ 某地 + has a long history of ... years. 某地有…年的历史。
The old tower has a long history of 2000 years. 古塔有两千年的历史
某地 + is a ... place/ country with... history. 某地是具有…年历史的地方/国家。
Egypt is an Arabian country with a long history. 埃及是一个具有悠久历史的阿拉伯国家。
某地 + date back to / date from... 从…时就有的, 回溯到…, 远在…年代。
The old town dates back to the late seventeenth century. 这座古城建于十七世纪后期。
【单句翻译练习4】
◆ 中国有五千年的悠久历史文明古国。______________________________________________________ 伦敦始建于公元43年。_________________________________________________________________
五、自然特点
(一) 常用句型:
①某地 + be covered with + ....某地为……所覆盖。
This area is covered with grassland. 这个地区为草原所覆盖。
②某地 + be made up of /consists of…某地由…组成。如:
Sichuan Province is made up of a basin and some mountainous areas.四川省是由一个盆地和山区组成。
(二) 常用词语:continent 大陆, mainland大陆,mountain 山脉, plain 平原,grassland 草原, desert沙漠,forest 森林,valley 山谷地,island 岛,ocean 大洋,peak 山顶, 巅,slope 山坡,hill 小山,rock 岩石,bank 河岸,stream 小溪,source 源头,spring 泉水,canal 运河,lake 湖泊,pond 池塘,basin 盆地,coast 海岸,gulf 海湾,beach 海滩,shore 海滩,tide 潮,wave 浪,shore 海岸,strait 海峡,waterfall 瀑布。
【单句翻译练习5】
◆这个岛的三分之一都是森林。______________________________________________________________ 海南省由海南岛和附近的小岛及广阔的海域组成。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
六、资源特色
(一) 常用的句型有:
① 某地 + be rich/abundant in某地含有丰富的…,盛产…。
② 某地 + be famous/well-known for 某地因…而闻名。
③ The main agricultural products are...主要农产品是…。
④ 产品 +stands in the world’s forefront. 某产品位居世界前列。
(二) 常用词语:① natural resources自然资源, mineral 矿物,矿石 ② apple 苹果, pear 梨, peach 桃,grape 葡萄, banana 香蕉, watermelon 西瓜, orange 橙, 桔子, mango 芒果, cherry 樱桃, peanut 花生,date 枣, sugarcane 甘蔗 ③ zebra 斑马, antelope 羚羊, deer 鹿, giraffe 长颈鹿, camel 骆驼, elephant 象, panda 熊猫, lion 狮, tiger 虎, squirrel 松鼠, bear 熊, monkey 猴子, kangaroo 袋鼠, koala 考拉, whale 鲸, dolphin 海豚 ④coal 煤, oil 石油, gas 煤气, gold 黄金, silver 银, copper 铜, iron 铁, steel 钢。 ⑤wheat 小麦, corn 玉米, grain 谷物, rice 稻米, potato 马铃薯。
【单句翻译练习6】
◆ 灵台县主要农产品是小麦、玉米、豆类和马铃薯。
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新疆有丰富的自然资源,以葡萄而闻名。__________________________________________________
七、风景名胜
(一) 列举“风景名胜”:
①There are many places of interest, such as... 有许多名胜,比如…。
There are quite a lot of places of interest in Xi’an, such as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses,the old City Wall and so on. 西安有许多名胜,比如兵马俑、古城墙等。
②某地 +has many places of interest, among which is...某地有许多名胜,其中就有…。
Beijing has many places of interest, among which is the Forbidden City.北京有许多名胜,其中就有紫禁城.
(二) 表述地区的特色:
①某地 + is famous / well-known for...。某地因…而闻名。
Hangzhou is famous/well-known for its beautiful West Lake. 杭州以它美丽的西湖而著名。
②某地 + is famous /well-known as ...。某地作为…而闻名。
Beijing is famous as the capital of China. 北京作为中国的首都而闻名。
八、天气、气候
1. It enjoys a pleasant weather, neither too hot nor too cold.
2. The climate of the province is extremely tropical. At times during the rainy season, temperatures reach the 80's and are accompanied by heavy downpours. Hainan is extremely prone to typhoons, which generally cause severe flooding.
3. QD is a splendid and agreeable seaside resort, with its mild winter and cool summer. I enjoy the fascinating spring there when I usually go travelling
4. Numerous canyons and valleys also characterize the region, making it an area of diverse climatic conditions. The predominant weather influence is the warm, moist Pacific air, keeping temperatures mild throughout the year. Summers are dry and sunny—the city averages 329 days of sun per year—with most of the precipitation occurring during the winter months.
5. China is a big country where the climate varies from place to place. Climate in the north is always dry and receives little rain while the south is much more wet and has sufficient rainfall.
【书面表达练习1】
根据以下内容写一篇100词左右的说明文,标题为“Australia”。
1. 澳大利亚位于太平洋的西侧,是大洋洲 (Oceania) 最大的国家,面积760万平方公里。
2. 人口稀少,只有1,000多万,多数集中在东部沿海地区。
3. 首都堪培拉(Canberra )风景秀丽。
4. 悉尼 (Sydney) 是澳大利亚最大城市。有许多名胜,其中悉尼歌剧院 (Opera House) 闻名于世。2000年奥运会就是在悉尼举行的。
【书面表达练习2】
请同学们写一篇短文介绍港口城市青岛,内容要求如下:
1、位于山东省东部。
2、以蓝色的大海,美丽的海滨而闻名,是避暑胜地。
3、每年夏天来自全国各地成千上万的人们到这里沿海漫步、游泳、购物、观赏秀丽景色。
4、近年来城市发生巨大变化,对发展我国对外贸易起重要作用,成为国际港口城市。
地理、历史类话题答案专页
地区的介绍
【单句翻译练习1】
◆ China lies in the east of Asia and on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean.
The beautiful town is located along the shore of the lake.
The village lies among the mountains.
【单句翻译练习2】
◆ Our school covers an area of 120 mu .
This county is 78 kilometres long from west to east and 40 kilometres wide from north to south.
【单句翻译练习3】
◆ The village has a population of 5000, most of whom are fishermen.
China has a large population of 1,300,000,000.
【单句翻译练习4】
◆ China is a civilized country with a long history of 5000 years.
London dates back to 43. A. D.
【单句翻译练习5】
◆ One-third of the island is covered with forest.
Hainan Province consists of Hainan Island and neighbouring isles as well as wide sea areas.
【单句翻译练习6】
◆ The main agricultural products in Lingtai county are wheat, corn, bean and potato.
Xingjiang is rich is natural resources. It’s famous for grapes.
【书面表达练习1】
Australia
Australia, the largest country in Oceania, lies on the west coast of the Pacific. It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers. It has a small population of over 10 million. Most of its population live in the east of the country by the sea. Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a beautiful city. Sydney is the biggest city in Australia, which has many places of interest. The Opera House is well known all over the world. The 2000 Olympic Games were held in Sydney.
【书面表达练习2】
The city of Qingdao is in the east of Shangdong Province. It is famous for the blue sea and beautiful beaches. It is a wonderful place for summer holidays. Tens of thousands of people from all parts of the country visit Qingdao every summer. They walk along the beach, go swimming or do some shopping. They can see fine view of the city.
Great changes have taken place in Qingdao in the recent years. It has played an important part in the development of the foreign trade of our country. It has become an international port city