初中现在完成时讲解
第一部分
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:
构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
第二部分
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。
* 以ever和never为标志
ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志
若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。
* 以so far为标志
so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。
第三部分
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。
* 时间“点”、“段”须分清
过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。
第四部分
一、动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的，在动词后面加ed构成过去分词，但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式。
二、当have被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。
三、现在完成时用not来表达否定形式。当有not出现的时候，have可以和not组成缩写，但是此时不能和前面的代名词组成缩写。
第五部分 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时态
1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I my homework now.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
例：I
2. 现在完成时的构成 havehas+过去分词
3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he the work?
否定句 He has not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he
特殊疑问句 What has he done?
4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
1九词语
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen .
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer ?
③ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.
⑥before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久 例：How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing?
2两词组
例：He Beijing (去了北京) 例：He Beijing. (去过北京)
时态。
例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
5. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型 It is ---since---） ④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy） 6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
例：I here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I years.
②leave/go →be away
例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on
例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has
④open →be open / close → be closed
例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead
例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.
⑥finish/end→ be over
例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been
⑦join 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I for 3 years. 或I for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have
例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.
例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.
⑨borrow → keep
例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
break → be broken get up → be up
marry → be married become → be lose → be lost
7. 延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live ②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow
8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）
1. 过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句
例：John said that he would come the next day if he was free. （构成：would+ 动词原形）
John said that he （构成：was/were going to+ 动词原形）
2. 过去完成时：由
构成。用法有二：
①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去
例：When we got to the station, the train had left. 当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。
By the end of last week, he 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。
②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态 例：He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China.
他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个
朋友。
与一般过去时的用法比较
.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去
时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
He has bought an English-Chinese
dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。
He bought an English-Chinese
dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。
第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典
第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。
选用 for和 since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空
1. Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
2. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
3. ______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never.
4. Where _____ you ______ these days?
5. Has Jim arrived yet?
Yes, he _______ here for several days.
6. Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.
7. Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.
8. The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks.
初中现在完成时讲解
第一部分
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:
构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
第二部分
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。
* 以ever和never为标志
ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志
若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。
* 以so far为标志
so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。
第三部分
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。
* 时间“点”、“段”须分清
过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。
第四部分
一、动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的，在动词后面加ed构成过去分词，但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式。
二、当have被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。
三、现在完成时用not来表达否定形式。当有not出现的时候，have可以和not组成缩写，但是此时不能和前面的代名词组成缩写。
第五部分 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时态
1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I my homework now.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
例：I
2. 现在完成时的构成 havehas+过去分词
3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he the work?
否定句 He has not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he
特殊疑问句 What has he done?
4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
1九词语
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen .
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer ?
③ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.
⑥before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久 例：How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing?
2两词组
例：He Beijing (去了北京) 例：He Beijing. (去过北京)
时态。
例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
5. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型 It is ---since---） ④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy） 6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
例：I here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I years.
②leave/go →be away
例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on
例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has
④open →be open / close → be closed
例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead
例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.
⑥finish/end→ be over
例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been
⑦join 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I for 3 years. 或I for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have
例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.
例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.
⑨borrow → keep
例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
break → be broken get up → be up
marry → be married become → be lose → be lost
7. 延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live ②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow
8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）
1. 过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句
例：John said that he would come the next day if he was free. （构成：would+ 动词原形）
John said that he （构成：was/were going to+ 动词原形）
2. 过去完成时：由
构成。用法有二：
①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去
例：When we got to the station, the train had left. 当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。
By the end of last week, he 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。
②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态 例：He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China.
他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个
朋友。
与一般过去时的用法比较
.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去
时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
He has bought an English-Chinese
dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。
He bought an English-Chinese
dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。
第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典
第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。
选用 for和 since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空
1. Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
2. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
3. ______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never.
4. Where _____ you ______ these days?
5. Has Jim arrived yet?
Yes, he _______ here for several days.
6. Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.
7. Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.
8. The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks.