难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗进展

文章编号:1005—8982【2004)07—0083—05

・综述・

难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗进展

朱雄鹏1综述,陈志哲1审校

(1-福建泉州市第一医院,福建泉州362000;2.福建医科大学附属协和医院,福建福州350001)

关键词:难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜;治疗进展中国分类号:R554.6

文献标识码:A

Advanceofthetreatmentinrefractoryidiopathict

hrombocytopenic

purpura

ZHUXiong—pengReview,CHENZhi—sheExamine

(1.TheFirstHospitalofQuanZhou,Quanzhou,Fufian362000,P.R.China;2.TheAffiliated

Union

Hospital,FujianMedical№面emi咿,Fuzhou,Fwian

350001,P

R.China)

Keywords:ITP;Treatmentadv∞ce

CLC

number:R554.6

Doellmentcode:

Idiopathicthmmboeytopenie

purpura(ITP)is

all

forthesakeofmaintainingsafestandardofplatelet

a-

acquiredhemorrhagicdiseasecommonlyseen

inclinic

mount(>30×109/L).Refractory

ITPisverydifficult

practice.Singleor

manifoldanti—platelet

autoantibod—

to

therapy,nOWreviewtherelevantreferencesin

recent

iesexistin

hnmanbedy,theyaffectimmediatelyⅡb/Ⅲ

years・

compoundofglycoprotein

platelet(GP),consequent—

lImmuneinhibitorsly,causeplatelet

to

decreasedueto

retieuloendothelial

system(RES)destroyingplatelet….So

itisalsocalled

1.1

Methylprednlsoloneimmunethrombocytopenicpurpura.Cortexhormoneis

Hi出一dose

ofmethylpmdnisoloneiscapableof

re-

preferred

as

its

conventional

treatment(prednismae),

strainingapparentlythefunctionsofreticuloendothelial

mostscholarsthinkthat

spleneetomy

should

beper-

system(RES),thereby

decreasesthe

destroyingof

formedas

soon

fits

possiblewhen

COrteX

hormoneisinva-

platelet.Common

method:methylprednisolone

15

mg

lid

or

resistant,hemorrhagearerefractory

or

even

dan-

(kg・d),iv

bydrip,3d,effectiverateisabout50%;

gerous

to

life(cranium

internalhemorrhage).Sosome

ifintravenous

injection

ofinmmnoglobulinis

applied

scholarsthinkthatitisrefractoryifCortexhormone

and

simultaneously,curativeeffectwillbebetterandplate—

splenectomy

tire

of

no

effect.However,Kapatkins。21

et

letwillincreasemorerapidly。。.ItisgenerallybelievedalconsiderthatrefractoryITPshouldmeanthoseadultthathigh——doseofmethylprednisoloneintravenousin—

patientswhoshOWirresponsivitytoCOrtexhormoneorre—

jection

is

appliedtotreat

thoseITPpatients

as

emergen—

quirequitehigh—doseof

prednisone(>10—15“g)

cy

salvage

and

preoperativemedicationwhenconven—

tional

treanrlent

is

ineffective【引.

Reeeived

date:Feb

18.2003

1.2

Leurocristine,vincristin(VCR)

Methodsofadministrationof

VCRinclude

two:

・83

ChinaJoumat

of

ModemMedicine

Vol14

一——————’——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————h_——一

First:VCR0.02

mg(kg‘week),iv

or

iv

bydripfor6

suggested:Postoperativefatalinfection

cause

may

occur

be—

~8h,4~6weekeveryperiodoftreatment,Second:

ofrescetingsimultaneouslytheonly

partwhich

Platelet

is

incubatedtogetherwithVCRinvitrobefore

producesopsenin;Long—termcurativeeffectofsple—

injectingintothepatient,plateletloadedwithVCRis

neetomyisquestionablein

quently,authorsasserted

many

researches.Conse.

should

swallowedbysingh—nucleusmacrophagesystem,andthenVCRisreleased

to

that

spleneetomy

be

not

killmacrophageanddestroyits

platelet

destruction.

totreat

performed

2_2

whenallothermethodsareusaless,ate

functions,causingdecreasingin

preferredtreatment.

Spleenarea/rrad/at/onSpleen

area

Alan。’+etalappliedVCRunitedwithplateletrefractory[TPpatientsincluding6effectsofVCR1.3

are

11

CR.Maindiseases.

side--

irradiationwasinitiallyapplied

totreat

peripheral

nelT,re

chroniclymphocyteleucocythemia/leukemiaandBurkitt§lymphoma/malignantlymphoma.Pathology

to

CyclosporlnCsAis

A(CsA)

immuneinhibitor,itsfunctionis

confirmed

strong

thatspleenshrinkedandIostfuncdonsafterirradiation.Subsequently,Spleenplied

to

area

restrainTlymphocytefromgeneratinginterleukin2(IL

irradiation

were

was

gradually8p—

一2),preventing

ceils.CsA

is

IL一2fromactivatingcytotoxicityT

treat

thosepatientswho

hormone—-resist—

alsocapableofobstructingtheactivatedT

recipient,restrainingT

et

ant

or

hadgreatoperativerisk.CalvedeyEg]etalreposed

S,1.ea

ceilsfromexpressingIL一2cellsfromgeneratingal

19nTpatientswhohadundergonespleention,whose

agewas

irradia—

1一interferon(1FN).Emilia”1w∞apphed

to

57~92yearsold.Thedosewas

CaSeS

reperted

thatCsA

treat

cases

with

600cGY/time,b.j.w,6weeksina11.8andhadp丑rtdalresponse,4leviatedformore

cases

improved

autoiBmmnediseasesdepending

on

immune

inhibitors,

were

continuouslyal-

11easeswithirradiationare

including41TPpatientswhoseCsAdosage

was

no

mg(kg

effect2

than

one

yearamong

aEea

・d),deliveredtwice;if

treatmentwas

to

of

chronicⅡP.Side—effectsofspleenstight,hutitmay

cause

weekslater,dosagewasincreased

treatment

was

10

nag(kg・d);if

adherencebetweenspleenand

aretoarea

re—

ineffeetive4weekslater.withdrawal.Asitssurroundingtissues.SothepatientswhoceivespleneetomyshouldnotundergospleenarianinelⅢ,eadllererteeresultsin

result。3

cases(75%)werecompletelyalleviated,1

irradi—

estse(25%)waspartlyalleviated,buttheyneededtak—

ingmedicinein22.1

operative

difficulties

longtime

to

maintain.

and

eveH

oomplieations.

Splenectomyandirradiation

Srlenectomy

Kaznelsenfirsttreatedidiopathicthrombeeytopenic

Antibodyagents/prelmrations

3.1

ltlttravenol4¥injecaonof

immunoglobulin

(nqG)

CommondosageofIVIGistotally2.0tedin2days

or

purpura(ITP)by

not

spleneetomyin1916.Spleenresectiong/kginjec—

only

reseetedtheproducingplaceofplateletanti-

5days.Itwassubsequentlyreported

body,butalsoremovedthelocationdestroyingplatelet,hi出el'toisstill

thattittledosageofday,0.8g/kgin1

IVIG(total

or

amountis1.0g/kginl

increasedplatelet

safeandeffectivetherapeuticmethod

rate

days)also

two

0fthisdisease.itsalleviating

men

is60%—Bo%.Com—

rapidly.Godeau…compared

(0.5

g/kgandl.0

kindsoftittledosage

cayles

techniquesofspleenresectioninclude:Open

Sple—

is

g/kg)ofMGusedtotreat37

to

neetomyf0s)andLapasosoopicSplanectomy(LS).It

preBenfly

consideredthat

curative

LS

has

rrP(PI口<50×109/L.were

highriskof

was

receiveoperation

or

had

advantagesoflittle

recoveryandless

wound,goodeffect,rapid

1.0

bleeding),result:inthefourthday,dosageg/kgand0.5吕/kg,alleviatingratio(>80×

complications,etc.Therefore,itis

to

especiallyapplicable

109/L)was12/18(66.7%)and4/19(21.1%)(P=0.005)respectively.Ifitwasuselessinthefourthday,subsequentdosageofWIGwas1.5g/k1∥kg,its

or

thoseoldandchildrenpatients,andhas

tendency

all

ofreplacing

OS∽However,spleen

meolls

resectionisin。

jufingtherapeutic

aftera11.BallWR…recently

84・

alleviatingratiowas11/13,2/6.Thealleviatingratioof

No.7

ZHU

Xlong—pens,etal:AdVance一theIreatmcntinrefractoryidiopathicthromboeytopeni。purP“m

——————————————————————————一———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————一

thewholegroupwas

78%inthe8th

day(no

differencecl-iaotie

immunization(ⅡP).Its

mechanism:Itisbe.

betweenthetWO

group).The

writer

pointed

out

thatthe

1ievedthatITPis

diseasecloselyrelevanttoprolifera—

curative

effectof1g/kgdosagewa¥betterthanthatof

tion

abnormalityofB

cells;rituximab,combined

with

0.5∥kgdosageinthefirstseveral.days;higherdosageelY20+B,inducesantibody—introducedcytotoxicity,ofⅣIGwasStill

effectiveintllosepatientswhoshowed

complement—introducedeytotoxJcityandapoptosis(ge—

no

response

to

1∥ksdosage.Itis

generaUybelievedqueneing

decease)toeliminateBlymphocytewithther—

thatplateletrisesrapidlyin5—10daysafterintravenous

apoutic

purpose

achieved.Stasiil7j

et

al

repoaed

that

injection

ofimmunoglobulinandlastsfor1~3weeks,

rituximabwaft,appliedto

treat

25

cases

refractoryITP;but

can

persist.IVIG

eala

beappliedforemergent

method:dosageofrituximabwas

375

ms/m2,iv

by

treatment,preoperativepreparation

ofsplenectomy

or

drip,inthe

first,eishth,fifteenth,twenty—second

predictionof

su皤cal

outcome

becauseof

expensive

day;result:CR(platelet>100×109/L)5cases,PR

therapeuticCOSt

andshorttimeoflastingplatelet。”。

(platelet50~100×109/L)5

cases.totalremissive

rate

3.2

Anti—Rh(D)immunoglobulin

40%.infusion—correlatedside—effectswereslightand

Themeehnismof

anti—Ida(D)immuuoglohulin

didntaffect

treatment.Therefore,the

authorbelieved

(anti—Dantibody)is

to

restrain

indirectlybiological

thatitisreasonable

to

use

fituximab

totreatrefractoryactivity

ofreticuloendothelial

system(1IES),obstruct

1TP.Saleh㈨also

appliedrimximab

totreat

13patients

FCRfromcombining

relevant

antibody

compound

of

withrefractory1TP,patientsintheresearch

were

divid—

platelet—platelet,consequentlyavoidrelevantantibodyedintothreegroups:thefirstgroup:3cases.dosage50compoundofplatelet—plateletfrombeingswallowedbymg/m。inthefirstday,150ms/m2inthe

ei曲th,fifli—macrophage/histocyte;its

next

functionisimmunead—

eth,twenty—secondday;thesecondgroup:3c∞es,justrnent.Its

presently—recormnendeddosageis50mg

dosage150mg/m2inthefirstday,375

m#m2

inthe

(kg・time),injects

once

oronce

every

day,lastsfor3

eighth,fiftieth,twenty—secondday;thethirdgroup:—4

days.Searadarou㈨appliedanti—Dantibodyto

cases(1

cases

stillbeing

treated),dosage

375ms/1TI。

treat

272patients,withplateletincrease

of72%pa—

in

theeighth,fiftieth,twenty—secondday.Results:

tients

by20×109/Landplateletincreaseof46%pa—

noneof

cases

in

thefirstsmall—dosagedgroup

was

alle-

tients≥50×109/Lafter2—3

days;platelet

increasein

elated;3/9(33%)cEses

were

alleviated(including

50%effectualpatientslastedfor>21d,completealle—CRand2

PR)in

thesecondandthirdgroupwithdos—

viationamong

some

patientslastedformore

t}lan

one

age

nearor

equal

to

fulldosage.Mainside—effects:fe—

year.Somepeopleused75

mg(kg・d)anti—Dantibod-

ver,fearing—cold.Thisresearchis

beingperformed

Yto

treat

adultpatientswithITPbyintravenous

injee-

and

itstotalalleviatingrate,clinicalparametersrelevant

tion,suggestingthatplateletincreaseofthisdosagewasto

alleviationandpotentialmechanismofresponse

re-

more

rapidthanthatof50

nag(kg・d),and

remissive

quirebeingfurtherclarified.butithasundoubtedlyan—time

was

longer.Side—effects:slightextravaseularbe-

sweredman)rimportantproblemsinrelation

to

rituximab

molysis,slightbilirubinincrease,temporarypositivity

intreatingITPandotherauto—immunediseases.

ofCoombstest,chiliinveryfewpatients.4

Olthers

3.3

Rituximab

RittLximahisanti--CD20-Bhuman——rat--gem—4.I

Interferon(IFN)

phosisedmoneclonalantibody,andisalsoa

medicine

Proctor

et

alfirst

applied

IFNtotreatⅡPwith

firstauthorizcd

to

treat

cancer

byFDAinUSA.Itsef-goodeffectsin

1989,andinthe

nextyearsummarizedfeetivenessintreatinglowmalignantnon—Hodgkin0

experiences

in

applyingIFN

to

treat

33patientswith

lymphomahasbecn

confirmedt…“.Recently.clinical

1TP.Met}lads:IFN3mimonunits,bysubcutaneousin-materia】sshawedthattituximabWaS

alsoeffeetive

to

jection,tiw,12times

as

course.Thetotaleffective

seineextentll5,16]in

treating

those

diseasescorrelating

ratewas

69%,butonlyfewpatientswhoseplateletin—

ChitinJoum}dof

ModemMedicine

Vd14

crease

was>200×109/Landlastedfor3

mollt}ls:

ne

dosagewas100ms/d,P.o,75mg/dinoldpa.

not

plateletincreaseofmostpatientsw踮>30×109/Lbut<100×10’/L

tients;results:invalid:33cases(50%),could

crate

tol—

and

lastedfor6weeks

or

so-plateletde.

keeping

on

medication;complete

or

part

remis.

creasedinfewpatientsmadbleedingsymptomaggrava・

sion:3310’/L

was

eases(50%);the

21

mediumtimeofPIJT>50×

out

ted.Afterwards.rujimura…applied

were

rlFNa一2b

totreatwas

days.Theam出orpointed

thatDPS

50patientswithrefractoryITP.Patientsinthisresearch

dividedintothreegroupsrandomly:thefirstgroup20

capableofmakingplateletattainsafestandardin

halfofpatientsmadlastforpatientsrecurred

longertime,butnearlyall

cases,low—dose,1.5miUionunits,hysubeutAnleousin—

afterwithdrawal.Themechanismof

sys.

jection,tiw,4weeks

in

all;thesecondgroup21

cases,

DPSiscompetitiveinhjbitionofreticuloendotbolial

llig}1一dose,3millionunits,bysubcutaneous

injection,

weeks

tem(RES),instead

duction.

ofaffectingplatelet

antibodypro—

Ⅱw.4weeksinall;thethirdgroup9cases.10ngcourac,3millionunits,bysubcutaneous

injection,qw,83"osumuptheabove—mentioned,refractory1TPmaybetreatedfirstby

ina11.Results:plateletofpatientsinthefirstandsecond

group

high—doseofdexamethasone,

or

began

to

riseafterone—weektreatment,arrived

at

methylprednisolone,IVIG,leurocristine

anti—Dan—

thehighestin

the岫rd

andsecondweekrespectively.but

rate

tibody;Splenectomy

cinesare

may

heappliediftheabovemedi—

allsurpassed50

109/L.effectivewas33.3%and

useless;Cyclosporin

A(CsA),intelfemn

can

20.0%.plateletgaduallydecreasedafterwith&awal.

Theeffectivepatently

rate

(IFN)dapsone(DPS)or

splenectomyisineffective

6tuximah

or

beselectedif

inthethirdgroupwas66.7%with印一

ITP

recurs.

hi#erthanthetwoabove—mentionedgroups,

or

meanvalueofplatehitwas60×109/L

pose

so.Authorpro—

u—

that8一weektherapeutics(rlFNa一2b.3million

[1]rangR,HadZC.Pathogenesis∞dIHqenlcn[of

th—bocytopeciepurpum:∞Ul吐tteEJ]Int

—24

chronicidiopathic

nits,qw)is

preferableschemeforchronicITP.Side—

Hemtol,2000,71:18

effectsofIFNa:slightinfluenza—llkesymptominmost

patients,temporary

tients;but

no

leucocyte

decrease

in

part

ofpa-

[2]KnpatkJnS.Autalmmune(idiopathic)throtnbocflopenic

[J].Lancet.1997,349:1531—1536[3])d∞Hhua

to

acute

pu∞um

apparentside--effectintreatingcrrP.On

an

Cumfveeffectobsexvationof

R—dobm抽plus

hormone

thewhole,IFNis

effectivemedicineforrefractoryITP

8evemidiopathicthrmnbocytopenicpurPum[J].Chinatour-

withslightside—effects.

4.2

nalofMod目:n

Medicine.2000,11(101:85—87

Dapsone(DPS)

Duramd

et

141‰dⅢB,Zini删,SehaefferA,etdHigh—d∞eMefoypred-

nisolⅢaeis811tdtemati’,et陀咖邮cforadultswithautcimmunethiom-

boc”op“。pupumrefrraetory

ral

to

alfirstreportedthatonlyDPSwasused

intmven¨s

immunoglobulias

md∞

totreat

oldpatientswithrefractorychronicITP.Meth—

to

corfieostercids[J]AmJHematol,1995,48:282—284.

al

Thetrcmnacnt

ods:75mg/d,P.o.,result:plateletincreasedup

[5]AlanYS,BymesJJ.HmTinstonWJ,et

icthrmnbeeytopenia

ofidiolmth・

middlelevel,thetimeofthegreatestcurativeeffectwas11—45days(average32

withinbl口line-loaded

platters[J].NE珥】

days),effective

time

lasted

[63

Med.1钾8,298:1lOl一1107

EmiliabyBr

G.M∞.soraC,LongoG,Ⅱa/.Long—term

autcimmune

sa/vagetreatment

for2~48monthsfmediumwas16.6months).Her—

eycl∞porininrtffraetoryJ

haematohigiea]disorders[J]

nandes[驯etalreportedthatDPS(1130mg/d)wasused

to

treat

Hae眦t01.1996.93:341-344.

N,Mayor

E.Laparcecopie

15

cascs

witllrefractorychronicrI甲in1~3l

rate

[7]Katkhouda

North

Splenectomy[J].Surg

Clin

months.withalleviating

40%.Itwasbelieved

ac-

AM,2000.80:1285—1297.

6n

cording

to

theresearchthatthismedicinewascheap

and

to

【8]B部踟LLong—term啪I聊他dspler州hmv

cytopenic

idio怔hie岫嘶‰-

littleside—effects,exceptforhemolyticanaemiaduehigh—dose.Greater

serialsofresearches

were

purptwa[J].Sen-lnHernatol,2CC0.37(1suppll):筮一25

TG,etal

Splenic

radiationfor

Intem

[9]CalverhiyDC,JonesGW,Kektan

corticosteroid—resistant

immune

per-

thmmboeytapenia[t].Ann

formedbyEnglishscholamexperiencesofapplyingDPS

GodeanB驯,who

to

treat

reported

Med.1992,16:977—981.

66caseswithITP.

f10]Godeau

B,Caulier

MT,DecuypereL,et

alIntravenous

・86

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————一—————————————————————————一~

N。一

zHu

xj。”g-PengRe访ew,EHEN

Zhi—zhe

Examine:Advanceofthetttattnentin

refractory

idi。pathict

hrombocyt叩eIlic

pulpura

inmmnoglobin

for

adultswith

autalmmunethrombocytopenie

pttr-【16]MowBM,HookCC.Pdtuximab

forthe

treahnent

ofrefractory

puts:resultsof

randomized

trim

cmnpating0.5

and

lg/kg

bw.

immune

thromboeytopanie

ptmpura_e.asereport.Bl004

1999;94

mJHaenmt01.1999:107:716-719

(suppl):3526-3531.

11】Law

C,Marcaccio

M,Tam只et

at.High.10se

Intravenousim.『17]st丑slRPaganoA,Stipa

E,etalRituximabehimeric

anti—CD20

mane

globulinand

theresponse

to

spleneetomy

in

patients

with

monoolor,al

antibody

treatmentfor

aduhwith

chronicidlopathic

idiopathic

thrombooytoponie

purpura-N

EnslJ

Med,1997;336:

【hmmb”yIopeni。purpura.Blood,2001;98:952~957.

1494—1498

f181Saleh

MN,GutheilJ,MooreM,eta1.A

pilot

studvoftheanti—

121

ScaradavouA,WooB,Woloski

BM,eta1.Intraveneous

anti—D

CD20

monoclonal

antibodyritualmab

in

patients

with

refractorytreatmentof

immune

thrombocytopenicpurpura:expefienee

in

immunethromboeytopenJe.SeminOncol。2000;27(6

suppl

t21:

272

patients.Blood,1997;8垒2689—2700

99-103

13]CzuzcnmnMs.GtiHo-fop既AJ,Whit

CA,et

alTreatment

of

』19】FujimuraK

Takafuta

Kepriya

S,et

alRecombinanthuman

patientswith

low—grade

B-celllymphoma

with

the

combination

interferona—2b乩IFN

a-2b)therapy

for

steroidresistantidio.

of

chimericanti-CD20Monocfonal

antibody

and

CHOP

pathie

thmmboeytoperfie

purpura(ITP)Am

Haemotal,1996;5l:

Chemothempy.1Clin

Oncol,1999;17:269—276.37—41川Hainsworth

JD,Burris

HA,MorrisseLH,etal

Rituximab黼

[2埘HemandezE

LinaresM,Colomina

P.etalDapsoneforre矗acto.

clonal且ntihody

as

initial

systemic

therapyforpatients

with

low—

ry

chronic

idiopadtiethrombocytopeniepurpara

Br

Haematol,

grade

non-Hadgkinlymphoma.Blood.2000;95:3052—3056

1995;90:473—475.151

RatanatharathornV,Carson

Reynods

c.etal

Anti.-CD20[211

G0deau

B,Durand

JM,Franeoise腿et

al

Dapsone

forchronicchimericmonoclonal

antibody

la'9atment

of

refractory

immune-

autoimmune

thtombocytopeniepurpura:a

reportof

66

c髂es.Br

mediatedthrombooytoponia

in

patient

with

chronicgraftver-

HaematoL1997;97:336-339

sus-host

disease

AnnIntent

Med.2000;133:275-279

(Edited

by

ZOU

Xian—de)

(上接第82页)

米技术的安全性。有人表示,纳米技术研究是人类历对纳米技术的安全问题表示关注,美国国会也在讨史上首次能够在技术成熟并形成产业之前,就有机会论纳米技术管制法案,美国国家科学基金会已拨出清楚地了解其对环境和人类健康影响的一项新课题。

200万美元资助科学家对纳米技术的社会后果进行研究,美国国家环保局今年也得到了600万美元专参考文献

项经费,用以研究纳米材料对环境的影响。

【1】Committee

for

the

Review

ofthe

National

Nanotedmnlogy

Initia—虽然现在人们还不能断定纳米粒子进人大脑并tire:SmallWonders.EndlessFmntiem:A

Review

of

the

Nation—堆积起来会产生何种影响,但是纳米物质应用的安al

Nanoteehnolo盯Initiative,NationalAcademy

Press,June

2002.

全性旱就成为那些对纳米研究持谨慎态度的研究人【2】2张阳搏“纳米生物技术现状与展望”斟技13报.2001,11月05

员所关注的问题。去年,美国赖斯大学生物和环境纳【3]3

Luo

P,ZhangYD,PengJ,et

al

Biomsorbableself_settthg

in—米技术中心主任维基・考尔文在一次接受采访时就jeetable

nanobone

putty皿ZhangGun

Xian

Dal

Yi

XueZa

Zhi,

引用了两条需要重视纳米材料的理由:一是纳米材2003

13(1【811—10

Chinese料甚小,他们可能会进入人体中那些大颗粒材料所[4】Suhcomatittee

oil

Nannseak

Science,EngineeringandTechnology:

不能抵达的区域,如正常细胞;二是在纳米量级,材National

Nanoteehnology

Initiatlve:TheInitiative

andIts

Imple—

mentationPlan,Natiomd

ScienceandTechnologyCouncil

料的性质会有不同的表现。研究人员并不知道如何July

2003

将纳米材料从人体中清除,也不知道它们会不会在[51张阳德,彭健藏阿霉素磁性白蛋白纳米粒:一种高效靶向抗肿

人体中降解或堆积。

瘤系统【J】中国现代医学杂志,200l,I1(3):39-42

在没有完全了解纳米技术安全性的情况下,有【6]毛磊.“美国会立法用以促进纳米技术的研究开发”.2003年5月

人提出应暂停纳米研究。然而,这种呼吁和纳米可能8日

有害的发现都无法阻挡2003年全球纳米研究的步【7]ForScience。Nanotoch

Poses

BigUnknown,02/01/2004,Rick

Weiss,Washington

Post

Washington,DC

伐,支持纳米技术的大多数政府机构和研究人员并【8J8

Nallofe(=hno】‘w:the

next

industrial

revolution?Royal

Soe3ety

没有高度重视纳米技术这把”双刃剑”的负面。去News.2

February

2004.

年,纳米研究成果可谓层出不穷,令人目不暇接。

【9]Our

MolecularFuture:How

Nanoteehnology,Robotics,Genetics,

不过,面对奥伯多斯特等人的新发现,包括政府and

Artificial

lmelHgenceWillTransform

Our

World,Douglas

Mulhall,PrometheusBooks,Amherst,NewYork,2004

和研究人员在内的纳米研究热衷者也许应该重视纳

(欧阳洋编辑)

87-

难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗进展

作者:作者单位:刊名:英文刊名:年,卷(期):被引用次数:

朱雄鹏, 陈志哲

福建泉州市第一医院,福建,泉州,362000中国现代医学杂志

CHINA JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE2004,14(7)8次

参考文献(21条)

1.Yang R;Han ZC Pathogenesis and management of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:an update 2000

2.Kapatkin S Autoimmune ( idiopathic ) thrombocytopenic purpura[外文期刊] 1997

3.Xiao Lihua Curative effect observation of R -globulin plus hormone to acute severe idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpura 2000(10)

4.Godeau B;Zini JM;Schaeffer A High - dose Methyprednisolone is an alternative treatment for adultswith autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to intravenous immunoglobulins and o ralcorticosteroids[外文期刊] 1995(4)

5.Ahn YS;Byrnes JJ;Harrington WJ The treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenia with vinblastine -loaded platelets 1978

6.Emilia G;Messora C;Longo G Long -term salvage treatment by cyclosporin in refractory autoimmunehaematological disorders[外文期刊] 1996

7.Katkhouda N;Mayor E Laparoscopic Splenectomy[外文期刊] 2000

8.Bell WR Long - term outcome of Splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 2000(37)9.Calverley DC;Jones GW;Kekton TG Splenic radiation for corticosteroid- resistant immunethrombocytopenia 1992

10.Godeau B;Caulier MT;Decuypere L Intravenous immunoglobin for adults with autoimmune

thrombocytopenic purpura:results of a randomized trial comparing 0.5 and lg/kg b.w[外文期刊] 199911.Law C;Marcaccio M;Tam P High-dose Intravenous immune globulin and the response to splenectomy inpatients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura[外文期刊] 1997

12.Scaradavou A;Woo B;Woloski BM Intraveneous anti-D treatment of immune thrombocytopenicpurpura:experience in 272 patients 1997

13.Czuzcman Ms;Grillo-lopez AJ;Whit CA Treatment of patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma with thecombination of chimeric anti ~CD20 Monoclonal antibody and CHOP Chemotherapy 1999

14.Hainsworth JD;Burris HA;Morrisse LH Rituximab monoclonal antibody as initial systemic therapy forpatients with lowgrade non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2000

15.Ratanatharathorn V;Carson E;Reynods C Anti-CD20chimeric monoclonal antibody treatment ofrefractory immunemediated thrombooytopenia in a patient with chronio graftversus-host disease 200016.Mow BM;Hook CC Rituximab for the treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura-casereport 1999(Suppl)

17.Stasi R;Pagano A;Stipa E Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20monoclonal antibody treatment for adult with

chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura[外文期刊] 2001

18.Saleh MN;Gutheil J;Moore M A pilot study of the antiCD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab inpatients with refractory immune thrombocytopenic 2000(27)

19.Fujimura K;Takafuta T;Kepriya S Recombinant human interferon a-2b (rh IFN a-2b) therapy forsteroid resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) 1996(51)

20.HERNANDEZ F;Linares M;Colomina P Dapsone for refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenicpurpura[外文期刊] 1995

21.Godeau B;Durand JM;Francoise RT Dapsone for chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura:a reportof 66 cases[外文期刊] 1997

本文读者也读过(10条)

1. 汪靖 难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗选择与疗效观察[期刊论文]-现代中西医结合杂志2008,17(20)2. 陶洁.黄颖.李洪强.王婷婷.王晓燕.季林祥.杨仁池 联合化疗治疗成人慢性难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜[期刊论文]-中国综合临床2007,23(6)

3. 肖红.彭秀兰.刘华东.XIAO Hong.PENG Xiu-lan.LIU Hua-dong 重组人白细胞介素-11治疗成人慢性难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜临床观察[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志2007,17(8)4. 王雅凡.魏占美 肠结核26例分析[期刊论文]-传染病信息2008,21(2)

5. 黄闯.彭文芳 特发性血小板减少性紫癜86例临床分析[期刊论文]-中国新技术新产品2009(2)6. 许俊峰 早期应用胰岛素对糖尿病患者合并脑梗死肢体功能恢复的影响[期刊论文]-中国现代药物应用2009,3(12)

7. 徐娜.金文波.XU Na.JIN Wen-bo 半月疗法恢复初发2型糖尿病患者血糖稳态的临床研究[期刊论文]-中国实用医药2008,3(9)

8. 朱红魁 肠结核病20例分析[期刊论文]-中国实用医药2006,1(3)

9. 韩智娟.尹松梅 成人难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜治疗进展[期刊论文]-实用医学杂志2002,18(2)10. 符莹 环孢素A在难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的应用[期刊论文]-实用儿科临床杂志2004,19(11)

引证文献(8条)

1.谭洁.李汉冲 特发性血小板减少性紫癜与幽门螺杆菌感染的临床分析[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志 2007(7)2.刘冰.吕晓娴.焦阳 特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者骨髓巨核细胞数与预后的关系[期刊论文]-中国实用医刊2010(20)

3.陈令松.张秋荣.李兰云.曹若男.宋文伟 基因重组白细胞介素-11治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜和再生障碍性贫血[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志 2006(23)

4.刘冰.吕晓娴.焦阳 特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者骨髓巨核细胞数与预后的关系[期刊论文]-中国煤炭工业医学杂志 2010(8)

5.阿布力克木·阿布拉.哈力达·亚森.热衣拉·艾力尤甫 特发性血小板减少性紫癜骨髓巨核细胞数与预后的关系[期刊论文]-新疆医科大学学报 2010(9)

6.孔荣.邱宏春.吴鹏飞.王勇 骨髓巨核细胞数及血小板4项参数在特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者中价值[期刊论文]-临床荟萃 2011(2)

7.肖红.卢美蓉.苏保勤 特发性血小板减少性紫癜骨髓巨核细胞数与预后关系[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志2006(14)

8.肖红.卢美蓉.苏保勤 特发性血小板减少性紫癜骨髓巨核细胞数与预后关系[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志2006(14)

引用本文格式:朱雄鹏.陈志哲 难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗进展[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志2004(7)

文章编号:1005—8982【2004)07—0083—05

・综述・

难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗进展

朱雄鹏1综述,陈志哲1审校

(1-福建泉州市第一医院,福建泉州362000;2.福建医科大学附属协和医院,福建福州350001)

关键词:难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜;治疗进展中国分类号:R554.6

文献标识码:A

Advanceofthetreatmentinrefractoryidiopathict

hrombocytopenic

purpura

ZHUXiong—pengReview,CHENZhi—sheExamine

(1.TheFirstHospitalofQuanZhou,Quanzhou,Fufian362000,P.R.China;2.TheAffiliated

Union

Hospital,FujianMedical№面emi咿,Fuzhou,Fwian

350001,P

R.China)

Keywords:ITP;Treatmentadv∞ce

CLC

number:R554.6

Doellmentcode:

Idiopathicthmmboeytopenie

purpura(ITP)is

all

forthesakeofmaintainingsafestandardofplatelet

a-

acquiredhemorrhagicdiseasecommonlyseen

inclinic

mount(>30×109/L).Refractory

ITPisverydifficult

practice.Singleor

manifoldanti—platelet

autoantibod—

to

therapy,nOWreviewtherelevantreferencesin

recent

iesexistin

hnmanbedy,theyaffectimmediatelyⅡb/Ⅲ

years・

compoundofglycoprotein

platelet(GP),consequent—

lImmuneinhibitorsly,causeplatelet

to

decreasedueto

retieuloendothelial

system(RES)destroyingplatelet….So

itisalsocalled

1.1

Methylprednlsoloneimmunethrombocytopenicpurpura.Cortexhormoneis

Hi出一dose

ofmethylpmdnisoloneiscapableof

re-

preferred

as

its

conventional

treatment(prednismae),

strainingapparentlythefunctionsofreticuloendothelial

mostscholarsthinkthat

spleneetomy

should

beper-

system(RES),thereby

decreasesthe

destroyingof

formedas

soon

fits

possiblewhen

COrteX

hormoneisinva-

platelet.Common

method:methylprednisolone

15

mg

lid

or

resistant,hemorrhagearerefractory

or

even

dan-

(kg・d),iv

bydrip,3d,effectiverateisabout50%;

gerous

to

life(cranium

internalhemorrhage).Sosome

ifintravenous

injection

ofinmmnoglobulinis

applied

scholarsthinkthatitisrefractoryifCortexhormone

and

simultaneously,curativeeffectwillbebetterandplate—

splenectomy

tire

of

no

effect.However,Kapatkins。21

et

letwillincreasemorerapidly。。.ItisgenerallybelievedalconsiderthatrefractoryITPshouldmeanthoseadultthathigh——doseofmethylprednisoloneintravenousin—

patientswhoshOWirresponsivitytoCOrtexhormoneorre—

jection

is

appliedtotreat

thoseITPpatients

as

emergen—

quirequitehigh—doseof

prednisone(>10—15“g)

cy

salvage

and

preoperativemedicationwhenconven—

tional

treanrlent

is

ineffective【引.

Reeeived

date:Feb

18.2003

1.2

Leurocristine,vincristin(VCR)

Methodsofadministrationof

VCRinclude

two:

・83

ChinaJoumat

of

ModemMedicine

Vol14

一——————’——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————h_——一

First:VCR0.02

mg(kg‘week),iv

or

iv

bydripfor6

suggested:Postoperativefatalinfection

cause

may

occur

be—

~8h,4~6weekeveryperiodoftreatment,Second:

ofrescetingsimultaneouslytheonly

partwhich

Platelet

is

incubatedtogetherwithVCRinvitrobefore

producesopsenin;Long—termcurativeeffectofsple—

injectingintothepatient,plateletloadedwithVCRis

neetomyisquestionablein

quently,authorsasserted

many

researches.Conse.

should

swallowedbysingh—nucleusmacrophagesystem,andthenVCRisreleased

to

that

spleneetomy

be

not

killmacrophageanddestroyits

platelet

destruction.

totreat

performed

2_2

whenallothermethodsareusaless,ate

functions,causingdecreasingin

preferredtreatment.

Spleenarea/rrad/at/onSpleen

area

Alan。’+etalappliedVCRunitedwithplateletrefractory[TPpatientsincluding6effectsofVCR1.3

are

11

CR.Maindiseases.

side--

irradiationwasinitiallyapplied

totreat

peripheral

nelT,re

chroniclymphocyteleucocythemia/leukemiaandBurkitt§lymphoma/malignantlymphoma.Pathology

to

CyclosporlnCsAis

A(CsA)

immuneinhibitor,itsfunctionis

confirmed

strong

thatspleenshrinkedandIostfuncdonsafterirradiation.Subsequently,Spleenplied

to

area

restrainTlymphocytefromgeneratinginterleukin2(IL

irradiation

were

was

gradually8p—

一2),preventing

ceils.CsA

is

IL一2fromactivatingcytotoxicityT

treat

thosepatientswho

hormone—-resist—

alsocapableofobstructingtheactivatedT

recipient,restrainingT

et

ant

or

hadgreatoperativerisk.CalvedeyEg]etalreposed

S,1.ea

ceilsfromexpressingIL一2cellsfromgeneratingal

19nTpatientswhohadundergonespleention,whose

agewas

irradia—

1一interferon(1FN).Emilia”1w∞apphed

to

57~92yearsold.Thedosewas

CaSeS

reperted

thatCsA

treat

cases

with

600cGY/time,b.j.w,6weeksina11.8andhadp丑rtdalresponse,4leviatedformore

cases

improved

autoiBmmnediseasesdepending

on

immune

inhibitors,

were

continuouslyal-

11easeswithirradiationare

including41TPpatientswhoseCsAdosage

was

no

mg(kg

effect2

than

one

yearamong

aEea

・d),deliveredtwice;if

treatmentwas

to

of

chronicⅡP.Side—effectsofspleenstight,hutitmay

cause

weekslater,dosagewasincreased

treatment

was

10

nag(kg・d);if

adherencebetweenspleenand

aretoarea

re—

ineffeetive4weekslater.withdrawal.Asitssurroundingtissues.SothepatientswhoceivespleneetomyshouldnotundergospleenarianinelⅢ,eadllererteeresultsin

result。3

cases(75%)werecompletelyalleviated,1

irradi—

estse(25%)waspartlyalleviated,buttheyneededtak—

ingmedicinein22.1

operative

difficulties

longtime

to

maintain.

and

eveH

oomplieations.

Splenectomyandirradiation

Srlenectomy

Kaznelsenfirsttreatedidiopathicthrombeeytopenic

Antibodyagents/prelmrations

3.1

ltlttravenol4¥injecaonof

immunoglobulin

(nqG)

CommondosageofIVIGistotally2.0tedin2days

or

purpura(ITP)by

not

spleneetomyin1916.Spleenresectiong/kginjec—

only

reseetedtheproducingplaceofplateletanti-

5days.Itwassubsequentlyreported

body,butalsoremovedthelocationdestroyingplatelet,hi出el'toisstill

thattittledosageofday,0.8g/kgin1

IVIG(total

or

amountis1.0g/kginl

increasedplatelet

safeandeffectivetherapeuticmethod

rate

days)also

two

0fthisdisease.itsalleviating

men

is60%—Bo%.Com—

rapidly.Godeau…compared

(0.5

g/kgandl.0

kindsoftittledosage

cayles

techniquesofspleenresectioninclude:Open

Sple—

is

g/kg)ofMGusedtotreat37

to

neetomyf0s)andLapasosoopicSplanectomy(LS).It

preBenfly

consideredthat

curative

LS

has

rrP(PI口<50×109/L.were

highriskof

was

receiveoperation

or

had

advantagesoflittle

recoveryandless

wound,goodeffect,rapid

1.0

bleeding),result:inthefourthday,dosageg/kgand0.5吕/kg,alleviatingratio(>80×

complications,etc.Therefore,itis

to

especiallyapplicable

109/L)was12/18(66.7%)and4/19(21.1%)(P=0.005)respectively.Ifitwasuselessinthefourthday,subsequentdosageofWIGwas1.5g/k1∥kg,its

or

thoseoldandchildrenpatients,andhas

tendency

all

ofreplacing

OS∽However,spleen

meolls

resectionisin。

jufingtherapeutic

aftera11.BallWR…recently

84・

alleviatingratiowas11/13,2/6.Thealleviatingratioof

No.7

ZHU

Xlong—pens,etal:AdVance一theIreatmcntinrefractoryidiopathicthromboeytopeni。purP“m

——————————————————————————一———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————一

thewholegroupwas

78%inthe8th

day(no

differencecl-iaotie

immunization(ⅡP).Its

mechanism:Itisbe.

betweenthetWO

group).The

writer

pointed

out

thatthe

1ievedthatITPis

diseasecloselyrelevanttoprolifera—

curative

effectof1g/kgdosagewa¥betterthanthatof

tion

abnormalityofB

cells;rituximab,combined

with

0.5∥kgdosageinthefirstseveral.days;higherdosageelY20+B,inducesantibody—introducedcytotoxicity,ofⅣIGwasStill

effectiveintllosepatientswhoshowed

complement—introducedeytotoxJcityandapoptosis(ge—

no

response

to

1∥ksdosage.Itis

generaUybelievedqueneing

decease)toeliminateBlymphocytewithther—

thatplateletrisesrapidlyin5—10daysafterintravenous

apoutic

purpose

achieved.Stasiil7j

et

al

repoaed

that

injection

ofimmunoglobulinandlastsfor1~3weeks,

rituximabwaft,appliedto

treat

25

cases

refractoryITP;but

can

persist.IVIG

eala

beappliedforemergent

method:dosageofrituximabwas

375

ms/m2,iv

by

treatment,preoperativepreparation

ofsplenectomy

or

drip,inthe

first,eishth,fifteenth,twenty—second

predictionof

su皤cal

outcome

becauseof

expensive

day;result:CR(platelet>100×109/L)5cases,PR

therapeuticCOSt

andshorttimeoflastingplatelet。”。

(platelet50~100×109/L)5

cases.totalremissive

rate

3.2

Anti—Rh(D)immunoglobulin

40%.infusion—correlatedside—effectswereslightand

Themeehnismof

anti—Ida(D)immuuoglohulin

didntaffect

treatment.Therefore,the

authorbelieved

(anti—Dantibody)is

to

restrain

indirectlybiological

thatitisreasonable

to

use

fituximab

totreatrefractoryactivity

ofreticuloendothelial

system(1IES),obstruct

1TP.Saleh㈨also

appliedrimximab

totreat

13patients

FCRfromcombining

relevant

antibody

compound

of

withrefractory1TP,patientsintheresearch

were

divid—

platelet—platelet,consequentlyavoidrelevantantibodyedintothreegroups:thefirstgroup:3cases.dosage50compoundofplatelet—plateletfrombeingswallowedbymg/m。inthefirstday,150ms/m2inthe

ei曲th,fifli—macrophage/histocyte;its

next

functionisimmunead—

eth,twenty—secondday;thesecondgroup:3c∞es,justrnent.Its

presently—recormnendeddosageis50mg

dosage150mg/m2inthefirstday,375

m#m2

inthe

(kg・time),injects

once

oronce

every

day,lastsfor3

eighth,fiftieth,twenty—secondday;thethirdgroup:—4

days.Searadarou㈨appliedanti—Dantibodyto

cases(1

cases

stillbeing

treated),dosage

375ms/1TI。

treat

272patients,withplateletincrease

of72%pa—

in

theeighth,fiftieth,twenty—secondday.Results:

tients

by20×109/Landplateletincreaseof46%pa—

noneof

cases

in

thefirstsmall—dosagedgroup

was

alle-

tients≥50×109/Lafter2—3

days;platelet

increasein

elated;3/9(33%)cEses

were

alleviated(including

50%effectualpatientslastedfor>21d,completealle—CRand2

PR)in

thesecondandthirdgroupwithdos—

viationamong

some

patientslastedformore

t}lan

one

age

nearor

equal

to

fulldosage.Mainside—effects:fe—

year.Somepeopleused75

mg(kg・d)anti—Dantibod-

ver,fearing—cold.Thisresearchis

beingperformed

Yto

treat

adultpatientswithITPbyintravenous

injee-

and

itstotalalleviatingrate,clinicalparametersrelevant

tion,suggestingthatplateletincreaseofthisdosagewasto

alleviationandpotentialmechanismofresponse

re-

more

rapidthanthatof50

nag(kg・d),and

remissive

quirebeingfurtherclarified.butithasundoubtedlyan—time

was

longer.Side—effects:slightextravaseularbe-

sweredman)rimportantproblemsinrelation

to

rituximab

molysis,slightbilirubinincrease,temporarypositivity

intreatingITPandotherauto—immunediseases.

ofCoombstest,chiliinveryfewpatients.4

Olthers

3.3

Rituximab

RittLximahisanti--CD20-Bhuman——rat--gem—4.I

Interferon(IFN)

phosisedmoneclonalantibody,andisalsoa

medicine

Proctor

et

alfirst

applied

IFNtotreatⅡPwith

firstauthorizcd

to

treat

cancer

byFDAinUSA.Itsef-goodeffectsin

1989,andinthe

nextyearsummarizedfeetivenessintreatinglowmalignantnon—Hodgkin0

experiences

in

applyingIFN

to

treat

33patientswith

lymphomahasbecn

confirmedt…“.Recently.clinical

1TP.Met}lads:IFN3mimonunits,bysubcutaneousin-materia】sshawedthattituximabWaS

alsoeffeetive

to

jection,tiw,12times

as

course.Thetotaleffective

seineextentll5,16]in

treating

those

diseasescorrelating

ratewas

69%,butonlyfewpatientswhoseplateletin—

ChitinJoum}dof

ModemMedicine

Vd14

crease

was>200×109/Landlastedfor3

mollt}ls:

ne

dosagewas100ms/d,P.o,75mg/dinoldpa.

not

plateletincreaseofmostpatientsw踮>30×109/Lbut<100×10’/L

tients;results:invalid:33cases(50%),could

crate

tol—

and

lastedfor6weeks

or

so-plateletde.

keeping

on

medication;complete

or

part

remis.

creasedinfewpatientsmadbleedingsymptomaggrava・

sion:3310’/L

was

eases(50%);the

21

mediumtimeofPIJT>50×

out

ted.Afterwards.rujimura…applied

were

rlFNa一2b

totreatwas

days.Theam出orpointed

thatDPS

50patientswithrefractoryITP.Patientsinthisresearch

dividedintothreegroupsrandomly:thefirstgroup20

capableofmakingplateletattainsafestandardin

halfofpatientsmadlastforpatientsrecurred

longertime,butnearlyall

cases,low—dose,1.5miUionunits,hysubeutAnleousin—

afterwithdrawal.Themechanismof

sys.

jection,tiw,4weeks

in

all;thesecondgroup21

cases,

DPSiscompetitiveinhjbitionofreticuloendotbolial

llig}1一dose,3millionunits,bysubcutaneous

injection,

weeks

tem(RES),instead

duction.

ofaffectingplatelet

antibodypro—

Ⅱw.4weeksinall;thethirdgroup9cases.10ngcourac,3millionunits,bysubcutaneous

injection,qw,83"osumuptheabove—mentioned,refractory1TPmaybetreatedfirstby

ina11.Results:plateletofpatientsinthefirstandsecond

group

high—doseofdexamethasone,

or

began

to

riseafterone—weektreatment,arrived

at

methylprednisolone,IVIG,leurocristine

anti—Dan—

thehighestin

the岫rd

andsecondweekrespectively.but

rate

tibody;Splenectomy

cinesare

may

heappliediftheabovemedi—

allsurpassed50

109/L.effectivewas33.3%and

useless;Cyclosporin

A(CsA),intelfemn

can

20.0%.plateletgaduallydecreasedafterwith&awal.

Theeffectivepatently

rate

(IFN)dapsone(DPS)or

splenectomyisineffective

6tuximah

or

beselectedif

inthethirdgroupwas66.7%with印一

ITP

recurs.

hi#erthanthetwoabove—mentionedgroups,

or

meanvalueofplatehitwas60×109/L

pose

so.Authorpro—

u—

that8一weektherapeutics(rlFNa一2b.3million

[1]rangR,HadZC.Pathogenesis∞dIHqenlcn[of

th—bocytopeciepurpum:∞Ul吐tteEJ]Int

—24

chronicidiopathic

nits,qw)is

preferableschemeforchronicITP.Side—

Hemtol,2000,71:18

effectsofIFNa:slightinfluenza—llkesymptominmost

patients,temporary

tients;but

no

leucocyte

decrease

in

part

ofpa-

[2]KnpatkJnS.Autalmmune(idiopathic)throtnbocflopenic

[J].Lancet.1997,349:1531—1536[3])d∞Hhua

to

acute

pu∞um

apparentside--effectintreatingcrrP.On

an

Cumfveeffectobsexvationof

R—dobm抽plus

hormone

thewhole,IFNis

effectivemedicineforrefractoryITP

8evemidiopathicthrmnbocytopenicpurPum[J].Chinatour-

withslightside—effects.

4.2

nalofMod目:n

Medicine.2000,11(101:85—87

Dapsone(DPS)

Duramd

et

141‰dⅢB,Zini删,SehaefferA,etdHigh—d∞eMefoypred-

nisolⅢaeis811tdtemati’,et陀咖邮cforadultswithautcimmunethiom-

boc”op“。pupumrefrraetory

ral

to

alfirstreportedthatonlyDPSwasused

intmven¨s

immunoglobulias

md∞

totreat

oldpatientswithrefractorychronicITP.Meth—

to

corfieostercids[J]AmJHematol,1995,48:282—284.

al

Thetrcmnacnt

ods:75mg/d,P.o.,result:plateletincreasedup

[5]AlanYS,BymesJJ.HmTinstonWJ,et

icthrmnbeeytopenia

ofidiolmth・

middlelevel,thetimeofthegreatestcurativeeffectwas11—45days(average32

withinbl口line-loaded

platters[J].NE珥】

days),effective

time

lasted

[63

Med.1钾8,298:1lOl一1107

EmiliabyBr

G.M∞.soraC,LongoG,Ⅱa/.Long—term

autcimmune

sa/vagetreatment

for2~48monthsfmediumwas16.6months).Her—

eycl∞porininrtffraetoryJ

haematohigiea]disorders[J]

nandes[驯etalreportedthatDPS(1130mg/d)wasused

to

treat

Hae眦t01.1996.93:341-344.

N,Mayor

E.Laparcecopie

15

cascs

witllrefractorychronicrI甲in1~3l

rate

[7]Katkhouda

North

Splenectomy[J].Surg

Clin

months.withalleviating

40%.Itwasbelieved

ac-

AM,2000.80:1285—1297.

6n

cording

to

theresearchthatthismedicinewascheap

and

to

【8]B部踟LLong—term啪I聊他dspler州hmv

cytopenic

idio怔hie岫嘶‰-

littleside—effects,exceptforhemolyticanaemiaduehigh—dose.Greater

serialsofresearches

were

purptwa[J].Sen-lnHernatol,2CC0.37(1suppll):筮一25

TG,etal

Splenic

radiationfor

Intem

[9]CalverhiyDC,JonesGW,Kektan

corticosteroid—resistant

immune

per-

thmmboeytapenia[t].Ann

formedbyEnglishscholamexperiencesofapplyingDPS

GodeanB驯,who

to

treat

reported

Med.1992,16:977—981.

66caseswithITP.

f10]Godeau

B,Caulier

MT,DecuypereL,et

alIntravenous

・86

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————一—————————————————————————一~

N。一

zHu

xj。”g-PengRe访ew,EHEN

Zhi—zhe

Examine:Advanceofthetttattnentin

refractory

idi。pathict

hrombocyt叩eIlic

pulpura

inmmnoglobin

for

adultswith

autalmmunethrombocytopenie

pttr-【16]MowBM,HookCC.Pdtuximab

forthe

treahnent

ofrefractory

puts:resultsof

randomized

trim

cmnpating0.5

and

lg/kg

bw.

immune

thromboeytopanie

ptmpura_e.asereport.Bl004

1999;94

mJHaenmt01.1999:107:716-719

(suppl):3526-3531.

11】Law

C,Marcaccio

M,Tam只et

at.High.10se

Intravenousim.『17]st丑slRPaganoA,Stipa

E,etalRituximabehimeric

anti—CD20

mane

globulinand

theresponse

to

spleneetomy

in

patients

with

monoolor,al

antibody

treatmentfor

aduhwith

chronicidlopathic

idiopathic

thrombooytoponie

purpura-N

EnslJ

Med,1997;336:

【hmmb”yIopeni。purpura.Blood,2001;98:952~957.

1494—1498

f181Saleh

MN,GutheilJ,MooreM,eta1.A

pilot

studvoftheanti—

121

ScaradavouA,WooB,Woloski

BM,eta1.Intraveneous

anti—D

CD20

monoclonal

antibodyritualmab

in

patients

with

refractorytreatmentof

immune

thrombocytopenicpurpura:expefienee

in

immunethromboeytopenJe.SeminOncol。2000;27(6

suppl

t21:

272

patients.Blood,1997;8垒2689—2700

99-103

13]CzuzcnmnMs.GtiHo-fop既AJ,Whit

CA,et

alTreatment

of

』19】FujimuraK

Takafuta

Kepriya

S,et

alRecombinanthuman

patientswith

low—grade

B-celllymphoma

with

the

combination

interferona—2b乩IFN

a-2b)therapy

for

steroidresistantidio.

of

chimericanti-CD20Monocfonal

antibody

and

CHOP

pathie

thmmboeytoperfie

purpura(ITP)Am

Haemotal,1996;5l:

Chemothempy.1Clin

Oncol,1999;17:269—276.37—41川Hainsworth

JD,Burris

HA,MorrisseLH,etal

Rituximab黼

[2埘HemandezE

LinaresM,Colomina

P.etalDapsoneforre矗acto.

clonal且ntihody

as

initial

systemic

therapyforpatients

with

low—

ry

chronic

idiopadtiethrombocytopeniepurpara

Br

Haematol,

grade

non-Hadgkinlymphoma.Blood.2000;95:3052—3056

1995;90:473—475.151

RatanatharathornV,Carson

Reynods

c.etal

Anti.-CD20[211

G0deau

B,Durand

JM,Franeoise腿et

al

Dapsone

forchronicchimericmonoclonal

antibody

la'9atment

of

refractory

immune-

autoimmune

thtombocytopeniepurpura:a

reportof

66

c髂es.Br

mediatedthrombooytoponia

in

patient

with

chronicgraftver-

HaematoL1997;97:336-339

sus-host

disease

AnnIntent

Med.2000;133:275-279

(Edited

by

ZOU

Xian—de)

(上接第82页)

米技术的安全性。有人表示,纳米技术研究是人类历对纳米技术的安全问题表示关注,美国国会也在讨史上首次能够在技术成熟并形成产业之前,就有机会论纳米技术管制法案,美国国家科学基金会已拨出清楚地了解其对环境和人类健康影响的一项新课题。

200万美元资助科学家对纳米技术的社会后果进行研究,美国国家环保局今年也得到了600万美元专参考文献

项经费,用以研究纳米材料对环境的影响。

【1】Committee

for

the

Review

ofthe

National

Nanotedmnlogy

Initia—虽然现在人们还不能断定纳米粒子进人大脑并tire:SmallWonders.EndlessFmntiem:A

Review

of

the

Nation—堆积起来会产生何种影响,但是纳米物质应用的安al

Nanoteehnolo盯Initiative,NationalAcademy

Press,June

2002.

全性旱就成为那些对纳米研究持谨慎态度的研究人【2】2张阳搏“纳米生物技术现状与展望”斟技13报.2001,11月05

员所关注的问题。去年,美国赖斯大学生物和环境纳【3]3

Luo

P,ZhangYD,PengJ,et

al

Biomsorbableself_settthg

in—米技术中心主任维基・考尔文在一次接受采访时就jeetable

nanobone

putty皿ZhangGun

Xian

Dal

Yi

XueZa

Zhi,

引用了两条需要重视纳米材料的理由:一是纳米材2003

13(1【811—10

Chinese料甚小,他们可能会进入人体中那些大颗粒材料所[4】Suhcomatittee

oil

Nannseak

Science,EngineeringandTechnology:

不能抵达的区域,如正常细胞;二是在纳米量级,材National

Nanoteehnology

Initiatlve:TheInitiative

andIts

Imple—

mentationPlan,Natiomd

ScienceandTechnologyCouncil

料的性质会有不同的表现。研究人员并不知道如何July

2003

将纳米材料从人体中清除,也不知道它们会不会在[51张阳德,彭健藏阿霉素磁性白蛋白纳米粒:一种高效靶向抗肿

人体中降解或堆积。

瘤系统【J】中国现代医学杂志,200l,I1(3):39-42

在没有完全了解纳米技术安全性的情况下,有【6]毛磊.“美国会立法用以促进纳米技术的研究开发”.2003年5月

人提出应暂停纳米研究。然而,这种呼吁和纳米可能8日

有害的发现都无法阻挡2003年全球纳米研究的步【7]ForScience。Nanotoch

Poses

BigUnknown,02/01/2004,Rick

Weiss,Washington

Post

Washington,DC

伐,支持纳米技术的大多数政府机构和研究人员并【8J8

Nallofe(=hno】‘w:the

next

industrial

revolution?Royal

Soe3ety

没有高度重视纳米技术这把”双刃剑”的负面。去News.2

February

2004.

年,纳米研究成果可谓层出不穷,令人目不暇接。

【9]Our

MolecularFuture:How

Nanoteehnology,Robotics,Genetics,

不过,面对奥伯多斯特等人的新发现,包括政府and

Artificial

lmelHgenceWillTransform

Our

World,Douglas

Mulhall,PrometheusBooks,Amherst,NewYork,2004

和研究人员在内的纳米研究热衷者也许应该重视纳

(欧阳洋编辑)

87-

难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗进展

作者:作者单位:刊名:英文刊名:年,卷(期):被引用次数:

朱雄鹏, 陈志哲

福建泉州市第一医院,福建,泉州,362000中国现代医学杂志

CHINA JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE2004,14(7)8次

参考文献(21条)

1.Yang R;Han ZC Pathogenesis and management of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:an update 2000

2.Kapatkin S Autoimmune ( idiopathic ) thrombocytopenic purpura[外文期刊] 1997

3.Xiao Lihua Curative effect observation of R -globulin plus hormone to acute severe idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpura 2000(10)

4.Godeau B;Zini JM;Schaeffer A High - dose Methyprednisolone is an alternative treatment for adultswith autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to intravenous immunoglobulins and o ralcorticosteroids[外文期刊] 1995(4)

5.Ahn YS;Byrnes JJ;Harrington WJ The treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenia with vinblastine -loaded platelets 1978

6.Emilia G;Messora C;Longo G Long -term salvage treatment by cyclosporin in refractory autoimmunehaematological disorders[外文期刊] 1996

7.Katkhouda N;Mayor E Laparoscopic Splenectomy[外文期刊] 2000

8.Bell WR Long - term outcome of Splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 2000(37)9.Calverley DC;Jones GW;Kekton TG Splenic radiation for corticosteroid- resistant immunethrombocytopenia 1992

10.Godeau B;Caulier MT;Decuypere L Intravenous immunoglobin for adults with autoimmune

thrombocytopenic purpura:results of a randomized trial comparing 0.5 and lg/kg b.w[外文期刊] 199911.Law C;Marcaccio M;Tam P High-dose Intravenous immune globulin and the response to splenectomy inpatients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura[外文期刊] 1997

12.Scaradavou A;Woo B;Woloski BM Intraveneous anti-D treatment of immune thrombocytopenicpurpura:experience in 272 patients 1997

13.Czuzcman Ms;Grillo-lopez AJ;Whit CA Treatment of patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma with thecombination of chimeric anti ~CD20 Monoclonal antibody and CHOP Chemotherapy 1999

14.Hainsworth JD;Burris HA;Morrisse LH Rituximab monoclonal antibody as initial systemic therapy forpatients with lowgrade non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2000

15.Ratanatharathorn V;Carson E;Reynods C Anti-CD20chimeric monoclonal antibody treatment ofrefractory immunemediated thrombooytopenia in a patient with chronio graftversus-host disease 200016.Mow BM;Hook CC Rituximab for the treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura-casereport 1999(Suppl)

17.Stasi R;Pagano A;Stipa E Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20monoclonal antibody treatment for adult with

chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura[外文期刊] 2001

18.Saleh MN;Gutheil J;Moore M A pilot study of the antiCD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab inpatients with refractory immune thrombocytopenic 2000(27)

19.Fujimura K;Takafuta T;Kepriya S Recombinant human interferon a-2b (rh IFN a-2b) therapy forsteroid resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) 1996(51)

20.HERNANDEZ F;Linares M;Colomina P Dapsone for refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenicpurpura[外文期刊] 1995

21.Godeau B;Durand JM;Francoise RT Dapsone for chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura:a reportof 66 cases[外文期刊] 1997

本文读者也读过(10条)

1. 汪靖 难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗选择与疗效观察[期刊论文]-现代中西医结合杂志2008,17(20)2. 陶洁.黄颖.李洪强.王婷婷.王晓燕.季林祥.杨仁池 联合化疗治疗成人慢性难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜[期刊论文]-中国综合临床2007,23(6)

3. 肖红.彭秀兰.刘华东.XIAO Hong.PENG Xiu-lan.LIU Hua-dong 重组人白细胞介素-11治疗成人慢性难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜临床观察[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志2007,17(8)4. 王雅凡.魏占美 肠结核26例分析[期刊论文]-传染病信息2008,21(2)

5. 黄闯.彭文芳 特发性血小板减少性紫癜86例临床分析[期刊论文]-中国新技术新产品2009(2)6. 许俊峰 早期应用胰岛素对糖尿病患者合并脑梗死肢体功能恢复的影响[期刊论文]-中国现代药物应用2009,3(12)

7. 徐娜.金文波.XU Na.JIN Wen-bo 半月疗法恢复初发2型糖尿病患者血糖稳态的临床研究[期刊论文]-中国实用医药2008,3(9)

8. 朱红魁 肠结核病20例分析[期刊论文]-中国实用医药2006,1(3)

9. 韩智娟.尹松梅 成人难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜治疗进展[期刊论文]-实用医学杂志2002,18(2)10. 符莹 环孢素A在难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的应用[期刊论文]-实用儿科临床杂志2004,19(11)

引证文献(8条)

1.谭洁.李汉冲 特发性血小板减少性紫癜与幽门螺杆菌感染的临床分析[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志 2007(7)2.刘冰.吕晓娴.焦阳 特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者骨髓巨核细胞数与预后的关系[期刊论文]-中国实用医刊2010(20)

3.陈令松.张秋荣.李兰云.曹若男.宋文伟 基因重组白细胞介素-11治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜和再生障碍性贫血[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志 2006(23)

4.刘冰.吕晓娴.焦阳 特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者骨髓巨核细胞数与预后的关系[期刊论文]-中国煤炭工业医学杂志 2010(8)

5.阿布力克木·阿布拉.哈力达·亚森.热衣拉·艾力尤甫 特发性血小板减少性紫癜骨髓巨核细胞数与预后的关系[期刊论文]-新疆医科大学学报 2010(9)

6.孔荣.邱宏春.吴鹏飞.王勇 骨髓巨核细胞数及血小板4项参数在特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者中价值[期刊论文]-临床荟萃 2011(2)

7.肖红.卢美蓉.苏保勤 特发性血小板减少性紫癜骨髓巨核细胞数与预后关系[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志2006(14)

8.肖红.卢美蓉.苏保勤 特发性血小板减少性紫癜骨髓巨核细胞数与预后关系[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志2006(14)

引用本文格式:朱雄鹏.陈志哲 难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗进展[期刊论文]-中国现代医学杂志2004(7)


相关内容

  • 免疫功能调节类西药大全
  • 23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(优博23.纽莫法)预防肺炎球菌感染,尤其是呼吸型感染.原则上适用于2周岁以上人群,并特别推荐给高危人群,如65岁以上的老人,尤其居住在老人院的老人 :免疫能力低下者 :经常住院者(如因糖尿病,慢性支气管炎.呼吸功能不全.心衰和烟草或酒精依赖):免疫缺陷者(如因脾切除.镰状细胞 ...

  • 弥散性血管内凝血诊治进展
  • 弥散性血管内凝血 (DIC) 不是一个独立的疾病,而是发生于许多疾病的一种严重并发症或综合征.它以失去控制的凝血系统激活为特征,引起广泛的血管内纤维蛋白凝块形成.造成器官功能衰竭,同时消耗大量血小板和凝血因子,引起临床出血表现 .也被形象地称为消耗性血栓 -出血性疾病 .自从 2001 年国际血栓与 ...

  • 内科学复习题参考答案1
  • (二)填空题(每题1分,共10分):((9)急性胰腺炎的血清淀粉酶在起病后:(6-12小时)?开始升高,(48小时)开始下降,持续(3-5天):(10)胃癌的并发症是:(出血幽门)?,(或梗阻?),(??穿孔):(11)?肝硬化门脉高压时建立的侧支循环有:(食道肾底V曲张),(腹壁静脉曲张),(痔疮 ...

  • 血液学复习
  • 第三章 造血检验的基础理论 1.造血器官:能够生成并支持造血细胞分化.发育.成熟的组织器官: 2. 3.出生后造血器官:骨髓造血.淋巴造血: 髓外造血EH:正常情况下,胎儿出生2个月后,骨髓以外的组织不再生成红细胞,粒 细胞和血小板,但在某些病理情况下,这些组织又可重新恢复造血功能: 4.造血微环 ...

  • 内科学(习题集与答案)
  • 内科学复习题参考答案 (一)单项选择题: (1) 恶性高血压患者的哪种器官损害最明显:肾. (2)肺源性心脏病急性加重期,禁忌的药物是:镇静和安眠药. (3).下列哪个体征是左心衰的体征:夜间阵发性呼吸困难. (4)下列哪些不是用于高血压分层的心血管危险因素:饮酒. (5)对高血压病人一般主张血压( ...

  • 实用临床诊疗规范--肾脏内科疾病(二)--肾病综合征
  • 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com ・ 乡 医 在 岗培 训 园 地 ・ 实 用 临 床 诊 疗 规 范 - - 肾脏 内科 疾 病 ( ) 二 . 管上 皮 细胞 可 见 脂 肪 变 性 : 疫 病 理 检 查 阴 肾小 免 肾病 综合 征 1 概 述 . 综合 征 是 . 肾病 ...

  • 血小板减少症的发病机理
  • 血小板减少症的发病机理 正常人体内的血小板数量为100--300个,如果低于这个数则可以叫做是血小板减少症,患者的身体一经碰撞就会出现淤青,如果血小板的数量低于五十的话就会有皮下出血的情况,以下是对血小板减少症发病机理的介绍. 血小板减少症一般是指血小板减少性紫癜,但也可能有其它的原因,血小板低的成 ...

  • 内科血液系统习题[(附答案]
  • 贫血概论 一, 选择题 [ A型题 ] 1, 慢性贫血病人对缺氧的耐受性增加主要是由于 A 心输出量增加, 血液循环加速 B 呼吸频率加速, 增加换气功能 C 红细胞中2,3-二磷酸甘油酸浓度增高 D 缺氧敏感器官的血流量增加 E 骨髓幼红细胞增生 2, 慢性全身性疾病导致贫血的机制重要的是: A, ...

  • 系统性红斑狼疮诊断及治疗指南
  • 分布较广.易变:SLE所引起的肺脏间质性病变主要是处于急粥样硬化和抗磷脂抗体导致动脉血栓形成,可能是冠状动脉动脉炎可能参与了发病外,长期使用糖皮质激素加速了动脉Sack心内膜炎),目前临床少见.可有冠状动脉受累,表现为但心包填塞少见.可有心肌炎.心律失常,重症SLE可伴有心2.2.4心脏.肺部表现: ...