助动词与情态动词
（一）助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。
1、be (am, is, are, were, been)
(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；
（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；
（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。② 用于命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得做完了作业才能看电视。
2、have (has, had)
(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film ?
(2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?
3、do (does, did)
(1)“do n ot + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；
(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day?
(3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；
(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.
4.will, shall (would, should)
“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall 用于第一人称，will 用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will 代替shll ，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.
（二）情态动词
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to 的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought 要和带to 的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。 将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not 既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：
[考点一] 情态动词的基本用法
1．can 和could 的用法
(1)表示“能力”。
—No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. —Oh ，you are really his big fan.
——在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。
——你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。
(2)表示礼貌地请求别人做某事或允许别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。 —What should I wear to the party?
—Well ，it isn't very formal.You can wear whatever you like.
——晚会我应该穿什么？
——晚会不太正式，你可以穿自己喜欢的任何衣服。
(3)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing?
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？
2．may 和might 的用法
(1)may和might 表示“许可”。
—May I take the book out?
—I'm afraid not.
——我能将书带出去吗？
——恐怕不行。
(2)You may come if you wish.
你想来就来吧。
3．must 的用法
(1)表示必要性，意为“必须”。
The children must be back by 4 o'clock.
孩子们必须4点钟以前回来。
—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you must ，in case he comes late for the meeting.
——我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？
——恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。
(2)表示禁止(用于否定句) 。
You mustn't park here！It's an emergency exit.
你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急情况出口处。
4．shall 和should 的用法
(1)shall的用法
①用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall I go out for a walk after supper?
晚饭后我可以散散步吗？
②shall 与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方以命令、指示或允诺。此外，当宣布法律、规定时，也用shall 来表达。如：
—Will you read me a story，Mummy?
—OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？
——好，如果你尽快上床睡觉，我就给你讲一个。(允诺)
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须留在自己的座位上。(规则或规定)
(2)should的用法
should 意为“(义务上) 应该”，在语气上比must(必须) 弱。“should＋动词原形”表示现在或将来应该……。如：
I should go and visit him this afternoon，but I wonder if I will be free. 今天下午我应该去看望他，但我不知道我是否有空。(表示将来应该)
The children should be taken good care of.
这些孩子应该受到好的照顾。
5．will 和would 的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心，would 用于过去的情况。
I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。
You can stay here as long as you can，if you will .
如果你愿意，你能在这里待多长时间就待多长时间。(表示主语的意愿)
(2)will(won't)可用来叙述真理，还可叙述目前的习惯，would(wouldn't)可以用来叙述过去的习惯。如：
Oil will float on water. 油能浮在水面上。
She will listen to records alone in her room for hours.
她独自一人在屋里听唱片，常常一听就是几个小时。
He would spend hours in the bathroom or on the telephone.
他以前一进洗澡间或是一打电话，往往就是几个小时。
特别注意：would 和used to都可表示过去的习惯，但前者表示过去反复的动作，常与every day，often ，frequently 等连用；后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯，但现在已不存在。如：
When he was abroad，he would read as many books as possible.在国外时，他总是尽可能多读书。
She doesn't get up so early as she used to. 她不像以前那样起得那么早了。
6．need 和dare 的用法
need 和dare 两者既可用作情态动词也可用作实义动词。作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do ，does ，did ；作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，只用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。
另外，dare 作情态动词时，还可用于条件句中，过去式为dared ；作实义动词时，dare 常用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to 也可省略；I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。如：
He needn't do it.(情态动词)
He doesn't need to do it.(实义动词)
他不必做这件事。
I didn't know whether he dared say that to him.(情态动词，有时态变化) 我不知道他是否敢对他说那话。
He didn't dare(to ) do it.(实义动词)
He dared not do it.(情态动词)
他不敢那么做。
[考点二] 情态动词表示推测的用法
1．can 用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”。
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性)
can 用于否定句中表推测时，语气较强。如：
After what had happened he could not continue to work there.
鉴于所发生的事情，他不可能继续在那里工作下去了。
You can't mistake their car；it's got a bright red line all over it.
你不可能会认错他们的车，那辆车上有道亮红色的条纹。
can ，could 在疑问句中，常表示困惑、不相信等。如：
There's someone outside—who can it be?
外面有人——会是谁呢？
What can they be doing?他们可能在干些什么呢？
Could he be serious?他当真是这个意思吗？
2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。
The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?
这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点儿。请你帮我保留个位置好吗？
3．must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。
—It's the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh ，sorry.
——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。
——噢，对不起。
4．should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。
There shouldn't be any difficulty passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难
[考点三] 情态动词的特殊用法
1．cannot but＋do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”。如：
I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong.
我不得不承认他对了，我错了。
I cannot choose but go. 我只好去。
注意：表示不得不的其它句型
can ’t help but do
can ’t choose but do
can ’t do nothing but do
have no choice but to do
2．cannot/can never...enough/too...表示“再……也不为过”。
You cannot be careful enough to cross the road.
过马路时你怎么小心都不为过。
3．may 可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如：
May we never forget each other. 愿我们彼此永不相忘。
May you return in safety.愿你平安归来。
4．may well和may as well结构。
(1)“may well＋动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于“be very likely to do”。如：
He may well be proud of his son.
他大可为他的儿子感到自豪。
(2)“may as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。如：
You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。
We may as well stay where we are.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。
5．“should”有时表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟会”。如： It's odd that she should think I would want to see her again.
她竟然认为我会想再次见到她，真奇怪。
6．must 表示“偏要、硬要”。如：
If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.
如果你偏要走，你至少要等到暴风雨停止。
Must you make so much noise?
你非得弄出这么大声响吗？
[考点四] “情态动词＋have done”的用法
1．should/ought to＋have done表示“过去本应该做而(实际) 没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not/ought not to ＋have done”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了。
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。
You shouldn't have told her the truth.你本不该告诉她真相。
2．must ＋have done，用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，是一种很有把握的推测。注意：对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“can't/couldn't＋have done”表示。 —Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.
—She must have gone through tough training.
——叶诗文在伦敦奥运会上获得了两枚金牌。
——她肯定受过严格的训练。
It must have rained last night，for the road is quite muddy.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。
3．may/might＋have done 是对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，表示“可能已做了某事……”，否定句表示“可能还没有……”。
Sorry ，I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。
4．could ＋have done表示“过去本来可以做，但实际上没有做”；can/could＋have done表示“过去可能做过”。
I could have saved the poor rabbit，but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.
我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。
5．needn't ＋have done表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”。
Mark needn't have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。
You needn't have taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house. 你本来不必打车来这里的，因为这里离我家很近。
Ⅰ. 用适当的情态动词填空
1Although you find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap
place to shop.
2．It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.
3．Life is unpredictable; even the poorest become the richest.
4．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.
5．—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we bring anything with us?
6．—you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone? —Sorry Sir, but it's urgent.
Ⅱ. 根据提示的动词，用“情态动词＋have done”的形式填空
1．I wonder why she hasn’t written to us lately.We ______________________________ by now.(hear)
我很奇怪她最近为什么没来信，现在我们本该有她的消息了。
2．Without the earthquake-resistant housing project, the Feb. 12 earthquake ____________________ greater damage.(cause)
要是没有抗震住房工程，2月12日的地震会带来更大的损害。
3．If the old fashioned museum hadn’t been destroyed a decade ago, people there __________________ it as a place of interest now.(visit)
如果那个老博物馆十年前没被毁，当地的人们现在就可以游览这处名胜了。
4．His suggestion about the product that the release ______________________ to next Friday was turned down.(postpone) 他关于将产品发布会推迟到下周五的建议被否决了。
5．We expressed our grateful thanks to the local council, without whose help this meeting __________________________ on time.(hold)
我们非常感激当地的市政会，没有他们的帮忙，这次会议就不可能准时举行。
6．Mrs.Bathurst ______________________________ to leave New Zealand by the hope of marriage or alternatively by loneliness.(persuade)
Mrs.Bathurst 很可能已经被说服离开新西兰，要么是想结婚，要么是因为太寂寞。
7．Such sort of mistakes __________________________ if you had checked your paper word by word.(avoid)
如果你逐字检查你的试卷，这种错误本来是可以避免的。
8．You ____________________________ at the sound of the cry for help! They were acting a play.(panic)
听到求救声的时候你本不必惊慌。他们在演戏。
9．Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ___________________________(drink) too much at the party last night.
10．We ________________________ the task on time, but we suddenly had a power failure.(finish)
我们本来可以按时完成任务的，但突然停电了。
11. My book, The House of
_______________________ (take) it?
[押题题组]
Hades, is missing. Who
1．should have heard from her 2.could/would/might have caused 3.could visit 4.(should) be postponed 5.couldn ’t have been held
6．might have been persuaded 7.could have been avoided 8.needn ’t have panicked 9.must have drunk 10.could have finished 11 could/ can have taken
高考精萃
1．(2014·全国大纲卷)Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
2．(2014·北京卷)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long.
3．(2014·重庆卷)I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
4．(2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
5．(2014·湖南卷) —I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?
6．(2014·四川卷)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.
7．(2014·江西卷)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest.
8．(2013·辽宁卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________(drink) too much at the party last night.
9．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
10．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.
11．(2013·北京卷) —You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
—Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
12．(2013·天津卷)No one ________ be more generous, he has a heart of gold.
13．(2013·浙江卷)I ________(enjoy) myself more—It was a perfect day.
14．(2013·四川卷) —Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
15．(2013·重庆卷) —What are you doing this Saturday?
—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
16．(2013·陕西卷)The children ________(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
17．(2013·湖南卷)He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
18．(2012·辽宁卷)One of our rules is that every student ________ wear school uniform while at school.
19．(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)I ________ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
20．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
21．(2012·天津卷)It's quite warm here; we ________ turn the heating on yet.
22．(2012·重庆卷) —________ you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone?
—Sorry, sir, but it's urgent.
23．(2012·江苏卷)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ________ say where he was.
24．(2012·陕西卷)I ________ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
25．(2012·江西卷)We ________ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
26．(2011·辽宁卷)If you ________ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
27．(2011·全国卷Ⅰ)They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
28．(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)If you ________ smoke, please go outside.
29．(2011·北京卷) —I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He ________ not come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
30．(2011·上海卷)I __________ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
答案与解析
1．can 句意：虽然你在伦敦可能会买到减价品，但通常那儿不是一个能买到便宜货的地方。can 在此处表示“可能性”。
2．Can/May 句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花很长时间的。can/may 可以，表请求允许。
3．needn't 句意：我已经预订了一些比萨饼，所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。根据句意可知答案为needn't 。
4．should 句意：让我难过的是，他们自己那么贫穷，竟然还给我带来食物。情态动词should 可以表示说话人惊讶的语气，意为“竟然”。
5．needn't 句意：——我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物。——你的意思是说我们不必再带任何东西了吗？根据上下文可知设空处表示“不必”。
6．would 句意：我仍然记得我快乐的童年，那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would 过去常常。
7．may/might 句意：生活是不可预测的，即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。根据句意可知本空表示推测。may/might 可能。
8．must/shouldn't have drunk 句意：Harry 感到不舒服。他一定是/本不应该在昨晚的聚会上喝(了) 太多的酒。must have done 表示过去一定做了某事；shouldn't have done 表示过去本不该做某事而做了，以表达责备之意。
9．wouldn't 句意：不管她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。“won't/wouldn't open”可表示门很难打开。此处open 主动形式表示被动意义。本句题干中有“pushed”，故设空处填wouldn't 。
10．must 句意：既然没有人帮助他，他一定是独自完成了这项研究。根据题干中“Since nobody gave him any help”可判断设空处表示肯定的推测。
11．may/might 句意：——你不需要带伞，不会下雨。——哦，我不知道。也许会下呢。may/might 表示不太确定。
12．could/can 句意：没有人能比他更慷慨了，他拥有一颗金子般的心。can't/couldn't...more 表示最高级的意思。no one 本身就表示否定，故用can/could 的肯定形式。
13．couldn't/can't have enjoyed 句意：我玩得再开心不过了——这是完美的一天。“can't/couldn't...more”表示最高级的意思；根据题干中的was 可知设空处表示“过去再开心不过”，故答案为couldn't/can't have enjoyed。
14．can't/couldn't 句意：——你的眼睛为什么那么红？昨晚你肯定没睡好。——是的，我熬夜写报告了。“can't/couldn't have＋过去分词”表示过去不可能做了某事。
15．may/might 句意：——你这个周六要干什么？——我不太确定。我可能去滚石乐队的音乐会。由“I'm not sure”可以判断设空处应填表示可能性不是很大的情态动词may/might。
16．must have got 句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则他们就会按照预定时间来到湖边营地了。根据“would have been”可知是对过去事情的虚拟，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。
17．couldn't 句意：当他像这样思索一个主意的时候，尽管他很想睡，但是就是睡不着，直到把主意想出来。could 表能力，意为“能够，可以”，couldn't 是其否定形式。
18．shall 句意：我们其中的一项规定就是，学生在校期间应该穿校服。shall 用于第三人称的陈述句中用来介绍条约、法令等文件中的规定。
19．needn't 句意：我不需要用闹钟来叫醒我，因为每天早晨六点钟，那趟火车就会从我家附近经过。needn't 不需要，没必要。
20．can 句意：如果我能找到足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。考查can 表示“能力”。
21．needn't 句意：这儿相当暖和，我们还没必要开暖气。needn't 没有必要。
22．Must 句意：——你非要现在插嘴吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？——很抱歉，先生，但是这个事情太紧急了。must 表示“非要，偏偏”，多指令人不快的事。
23．wouldn't 句意：几天后，我哥哥打来电话说他一切都好，但是他就不愿说出他在什么地方。wouldn't 不愿意。
24．can't 句意：我再怎么感谢你都不为过，因为我们不在家的时候你帮助了我的儿子。can't...too much 表示“再……也不为过”。
25．needn't 句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们本没必要买如此多的食物。needn't ＋have done表示本没必要做某事，而实际上做了。
26．must 句意：如果你偏要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。must 表示“非要，偏偏”，多指令人不快的事。
27．should 句意：他们本应该在午餐时间到达，可是他们的飞机误点了。should have done 表示过去本应该做某事而未做。
28．must 句意：如果你非要抽烟，请到外面去。must 用于条件句，表示“非要，偏要”。
29．may/might 句意：——我真的不怎么喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他？——别担心，他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划是什么。根据题干中的wasn't certain 可知设空处表示不确定。
30．needn't 句意：我不必担心周末的事情——我总是在周末之前就做好了计划。needn't 没有必要。
模拟精选
1．(2014·辽宁沈阳一模)We can't imagine that two children ________ be killed by the washing machine of their house.
2．(2014·辽宁葫芦岛调研)If you ________ be late for the party, give me a call.
3．(2014·东北四校协作体联考)You ________ get the machine repaired this week. I won't need it until next month.
4．(2014·吉林延边质检) —These grapes look really beautiful.
—They ________！ See the price $3.99 a pound. Very expensive, aren't they?
5．(2014·安徽江南十校联考) —The deadline is drawing, but I failed to challenge the task a third time.
—________ my brother have a try?
6．(2014·河北衡水中学调研)Liza ________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
7．(2014·四川资阳一次诊断) —Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well, he ________ have gone far—his coat's still here.
8．(2014·云南昆明一次摸底) —Will the book I ordered arrive on time?
—It ________， if there is no traffic jam.
9．(2014·湖南汝城一中、长沙实验中学联考)You ________ have bought the book for me, but thank you all the same.
10．(2014·河南开封二模) —Have you heard of the news that Britain's former Prime Minister, Baroness Thatcher, died on Apirl 18?
—Yes. ________ she rest in peace.
11．(2013·北京西城一模) —Bill, be careful!
—Don't worry. I ________ break it.
12．(2013·北京石景山一模)On Sundays when I was a child, father and I ________ get up early and go fishing.
13．(2013·河北教学质量检测)John ________(not arrive) yet, or he would have telephoned me.
14．(2013·辽宁沈阳一模)Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, but sometimes they ________ lead to problems.
15．(2013·辽宁大连双基测试) —Thank you for inviting us. Tell your wife that she gave us a perfect party.
—I ________. See you later.
16．(2013·东北三校一模)________ we go to the McDonald's? I'm sick of the food there.
17．(2013·吉林4月质检)Time ________ heal a broken heart. After five years, Steve seems to have got over the sorrow of losing his son.
18．(2013·辽宁沈阳一模)In my memory, whenever we chose a day for a picnic, it ________ always rain on that day.
19．(2013·辽宁大连双基测试)You ________ make mistakes, but that is the way you learn how things work and how to mend them.
20．(2013·江苏泰兴黄桥中学二次月考) —You didn't wait for Elizabeth last night, did you? —Yes, but we ________. She didn't come at all.
答案与解析
1．should 句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被家里的洗衣机绞死了。should 表示“竟然”。
2．should should 用于条件状语从句中，意为“万一”。
3．needn't 句意：这周你不必请人修这台机器。到下个月我才用呢。根据题干中“I won't need it until next month.”可推知设空处表示“不必”。
4．should 句意：——这些葡萄看起来很漂亮。——它们应该这样！看价钱，3.99美元一磅，太贵了，是不是？根据句意可以猜出葡萄看起来好是应该的，因为价格贵。
5．Shall 句意：——截止日期临近，但是我又一次挑战这项任务失败。——让我弟弟试一下可以吗？shall 用于第三人称疑问句表示征求对方的意见。
6．may/might 句意：莉莎很可能不想去旅游——她讨厌旅游。根据设空处后的well 可知本空填may 或might 。may/might well do sth.＝be very likely to do sth. 意为：很可能做某事。
7．can't/couldn't 句意：——你知道戴维在哪儿吗？我到处找他都找不到。——噢，他不可能走远，因为他的大衣还在这里。can't/couldn't have done sth. 不可能做过某事。
8．should 句意：——我订购的那本书会按时到货吗？——如果交通不堵塞的话，应该会。根据“if there is no traffic jam”可推知设空处表示“应该”。
9．needn't 句意：你本来没必要为我买这本书的，不过还是要谢谢你。根据but thank you all the same 可知此处表达“本没必要买但是买了”。
10．May 句意：——你听说英国前首相撒切尔夫人在4月18日逝世的消息了吗？——听说了。愿她安息。may 但愿，表示祝愿。又如：May you both be happy! 祝你们俩幸福！
11．won't 句意：——比尔，小心点！——别担心，我不会把它弄坏的。won't do 不会或不愿做某事。
12．would 句意：我还是孩子的时候，每逢周日爸爸和我就会早起去钓鱼。would 表示过去的一种习惯性动作。
13．can't/couldn't have arrived 句意：约翰不可能已经到了，否则他就给我打电话了。can't/couldn't have done 表示：过去不可能做了某事。
14．can 句意：信用卡给我们提供了很多方便，但有时也会带来一些问题。can 用来表示客观的可能性。
15．will 句意：——谢谢邀请我们。告诉你的妻子她给了我们一个完美的晚会。——我会的。再见。will 表示一种意愿。
16．Must 句意：我们非得去麦当劳吗？那里的食物我吃腻了。根据题干中“I'm sick of the food there.”可知说话者不愿意去麦当劳。must 非得，偏要。
17．can 句意：时间能够疗伤，五年之后，史蒂夫似乎已从丧子的悲痛中恢复过来。can 表示“能力，能够”。
18．would 句意：在我的记忆中，无论我们选择哪一天去野餐，那一天总会下雨。would 表示过去经常发生的事情，意为“总是，总会”。
19．may 句意：你可能会犯错误，但那是你了解事情是如何运作和应该如何补救的方法。根据句意填may, may 表示可能性。
20．needn't have 句意：——你们昨天夜里没等伊丽莎白，是吗？——不，我们等了，但我们没必要等。她根本就没来。根据句意可知设空处表示过去没必要等却等了，故填needn't have 。
创新预测
1．Amazing! You ________ come to school wearing a necklace. Don't you know it is forbidden?
2．—The work is challenging and demanding. Who do you think is equal to it?
—________ Andy have a try?
3．—Why hasn't the cook arrived yet today?
—She just ________come for such a low salary.
4．—Isn't that lady your English teacher?
—No, it ________ be her, for she is still in Shanghai, attending a meeting.
5．I tried several times, but still couldn't get through; someone ________ have been using the telephone.
6．It's too late. Li Ping ________ not come, but let's wait for her for another 10 minutes.
7．The language barrier ________ be a problem if you're going to Europe, but my trip to Italy and Greece has proved that as long as you're an English speaker, you can go anywhere you want.
8．—I paid him 800 yuan for the T-shirt.
—Oh, you were charged too much. You ________ have bought two with that money.
9．—Are you satisfied with our service?
—Of course. We ________ get a better one.
10．Mr. Smith gave me a lot of help during my study in Britain. I ________ thank him enough.
11．Now that the weather is rainy, you ________ as well stay at home, playing chess.
12．Tom ________ well fall ill, for he hasn't turned up yet.
13．I can't find my pencil. Where ________ I put it?
14．The trip was very pleasant. It ________ be any better.
15．Why ________ you interrupt me? I'm busy with my essay.
16．If he ________ miss the train, we will get Bill to take his place.
17．—Is he coming by taxi?
—I'm not sure. He ________ drive his car.
18．—The old couple each ________ get a very nice present from our manager on their birthdays. —Great! It must be a big surprise to them.
19．—Hello, may I speak to Mr. Hu?
—I'm afraid he is not in now. ________ I take a message.
20．—Mr. Smith, how does my son behave at school?
—Pretty good, though he ________ be absent-minded occasionally.
答案与解析
1．should 此处should 表示惊讶，意思是“竟然”。
2．Shall shall 在一般疑问句中和第三人称连用时表示征求对方意见，此处答语意为“让Andy 试试好吗？”。
3．won't 此句中won't 表示“不愿意”。这么低的薪水她不愿来了。
4．can't can't 不可能(表示推测) 。根据语境，此空指那个女士不可能是她(我们的英语老师) 。
5．must 由句意可知，我过去打了好几次电话，但(过去) 无法打通，说明在我打电话时，一定有人一直在使用该电话，must have been doing sth. 表示对过去正在进行的情况的肯定推测。
6．may may not 可能不，也许不。句意：时间太晚了。李萍可能不来了，但让我们再等她十分钟看看吧。
7．might 根据语境可知“如果你去欧洲旅行，语言障碍可能是个问题”，故用might “可能”。
8．could 根据paid 可知“我”已买了这个T 恤衫了，故回答方指出“用800元你本来可以买两件的”，could have done 表示过去本来可以做某事，但没做。
9．couldn't 根据of course 可知“我们对服务很满意”，故说“我们不可能得到比这更好的服务了(We couldn't get a better one.)”。couldn't 表示的是一种虚拟语气。
10．can't I can't thank him enough. 意思是“我对他感激不尽”，相当于“I can't thank him too much.”是固定句型。
11．may/might may/might as well do sth. 最好做某事。
12．may/might may/might well do 很可能做。
13．can can 用于疑问句中表推测，意为“可能”。
14．couldn't couldn't 与形容词的比较级连用，表示最高级含义。
15．must must 表示不耐烦的语气，意为“偏要”。
16．should should 用于虚拟条件句中，意为“万一”。
17．might 根据 I'm not sure 可知用 might 。
18．shall shall 与第三人称连用，表许诺。
19．Shall shall 在第一人称前，表请求。
20．can can 表示推测，意为“可能会”。
Ⅱ. 语法填空(情态动词专练)
Miss Fang (not) read for very long without getting a go to the Health Service and see a doctor .“You should see a doctor as soon as possible ，”she said.“You
need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service.The see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor might take you at about ten to four，” the appointment clerk suggested.
“6. I put you down for ten to four
you rather come tomorrow？”
Miss Fang replied，“I think I 8.make it at ten to four.”
Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，
“9. I leave at 3：45 today？I must have an eye examination.”As expected ，the teacher said，“Yes, of course you 10. .”
1.couldn ’t 2.should 3. might/may 4. could 5.would 6. shall 7.would 8.can 9 may/can 10 can
用适当的情态动词填空
A
W: Adam，how is your knee today? Is it still giving you trouble?
M: No ，it feels a lot better today.If I had not run too fast ，I __1__ not have been
injured.I went to the doctor and he told me it was not serious，but I __2__ not take any strong activity in a few days.
W: Great! But I advise you __3__ take it easy today.Maybe just practice throwing.You __4__ not do any running any more. M: OK.__5__ I have any news about Michigan and what __6__ we expect in Saturday's
game?
W: Yes，I have some films，showing Michigan in the last three games.They are in my
office ，if you __7__ see them after practice，you can.
M: Oh，that __8__ be great.I'd like to see what we are against.They are one of the
top basketball teams in the country now since they beat Iowa last weekend.Come to think of it，why don't you go ahead and check out the game films right now? And just rest that knee this afternoon.I wish you __9__ recover soon.
W: Michigan has a strong team.We are in for a tough one.
M: All right，I __10__ be back tomorrow for full practice.
答案 1.would 2.should 3.should 4.need 5.May 6.can 7.must 8.would
9.would 10.will
B
Miss Fang __1__ (not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother
told her that she __2__ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You __3__ see a doctor as soon as possible，” she said.“You __4__ need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor __5__ see her at 3：30. Miss Fang replied that she __6__ not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor __7__ take you at about ten to four ，” the appointment clerk suggested.
“__8__ I put you down for ten to four，or __9__ you rather come tomorrow？” Miss Fang thought she __10__ (not) waste any more time.The teacher __11__ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I __12__ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“__13__ I leave at 3：45 today ？I __14__ have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said ，“Yes，of course you __15__.”
答案 1.couldn't 2.should 3.should 4.might 5.could 6．would 7.might
8.Shall 9.would 10.shouldn't 11．shouldn't 12.can 13.May/Can 14.must
15.can
助动词与情态动词
（一）助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。
1、be (am, is, are, were, been)
(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；
（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；
（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。② 用于命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得做完了作业才能看电视。
2、have (has, had)
(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film ?
(2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?
3、do (does, did)
(1)“do n ot + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；
(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day?
(3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；
(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.
4.will, shall (would, should)
“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall 用于第一人称，will 用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will 代替shll ，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.
（二）情态动词
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to 的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought 要和带to 的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。 将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not 既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：
[考点一] 情态动词的基本用法
1．can 和could 的用法
(1)表示“能力”。
—No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. —Oh ，you are really his big fan.
——在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。
——你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。
(2)表示礼貌地请求别人做某事或允许别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。 —What should I wear to the party?
—Well ，it isn't very formal.You can wear whatever you like.
——晚会我应该穿什么？
——晚会不太正式，你可以穿自己喜欢的任何衣服。
(3)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing?
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？
2．may 和might 的用法
(1)may和might 表示“许可”。
—May I take the book out?
—I'm afraid not.
——我能将书带出去吗？
——恐怕不行。
(2)You may come if you wish.
你想来就来吧。
3．must 的用法
(1)表示必要性，意为“必须”。
The children must be back by 4 o'clock.
孩子们必须4点钟以前回来。
—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you must ，in case he comes late for the meeting.
——我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？
——恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。
(2)表示禁止(用于否定句) 。
You mustn't park here！It's an emergency exit.
你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急情况出口处。
4．shall 和should 的用法
(1)shall的用法
①用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall I go out for a walk after supper?
晚饭后我可以散散步吗？
②shall 与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方以命令、指示或允诺。此外，当宣布法律、规定时，也用shall 来表达。如：
—Will you read me a story，Mummy?
—OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？
——好，如果你尽快上床睡觉，我就给你讲一个。(允诺)
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须留在自己的座位上。(规则或规定)
(2)should的用法
should 意为“(义务上) 应该”，在语气上比must(必须) 弱。“should＋动词原形”表示现在或将来应该……。如：
I should go and visit him this afternoon，but I wonder if I will be free. 今天下午我应该去看望他，但我不知道我是否有空。(表示将来应该)
The children should be taken good care of.
这些孩子应该受到好的照顾。
5．will 和would 的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心，would 用于过去的情况。
I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。
You can stay here as long as you can，if you will .
如果你愿意，你能在这里待多长时间就待多长时间。(表示主语的意愿)
(2)will(won't)可用来叙述真理，还可叙述目前的习惯，would(wouldn't)可以用来叙述过去的习惯。如：
Oil will float on water. 油能浮在水面上。
She will listen to records alone in her room for hours.
她独自一人在屋里听唱片，常常一听就是几个小时。
He would spend hours in the bathroom or on the telephone.
他以前一进洗澡间或是一打电话，往往就是几个小时。
特别注意：would 和used to都可表示过去的习惯，但前者表示过去反复的动作，常与every day，often ，frequently 等连用；后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯，但现在已不存在。如：
When he was abroad，he would read as many books as possible.在国外时，他总是尽可能多读书。
She doesn't get up so early as she used to. 她不像以前那样起得那么早了。
6．need 和dare 的用法
need 和dare 两者既可用作情态动词也可用作实义动词。作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do ，does ，did ；作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，只用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。
另外，dare 作情态动词时，还可用于条件句中，过去式为dared ；作实义动词时，dare 常用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to 也可省略；I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。如：
He needn't do it.(情态动词)
He doesn't need to do it.(实义动词)
他不必做这件事。
I didn't know whether he dared say that to him.(情态动词，有时态变化) 我不知道他是否敢对他说那话。
He didn't dare(to ) do it.(实义动词)
He dared not do it.(情态动词)
他不敢那么做。
[考点二] 情态动词表示推测的用法
1．can 用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”。
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性)
can 用于否定句中表推测时，语气较强。如：
After what had happened he could not continue to work there.
鉴于所发生的事情，他不可能继续在那里工作下去了。
You can't mistake their car；it's got a bright red line all over it.
你不可能会认错他们的车，那辆车上有道亮红色的条纹。
can ，could 在疑问句中，常表示困惑、不相信等。如：
There's someone outside—who can it be?
外面有人——会是谁呢？
What can they be doing?他们可能在干些什么呢？
Could he be serious?他当真是这个意思吗？
2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。
The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?
这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点儿。请你帮我保留个位置好吗？
3．must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。
—It's the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh ，sorry.
——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。
——噢，对不起。
4．should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。
There shouldn't be any difficulty passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难
[考点三] 情态动词的特殊用法
1．cannot but＋do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”。如：
I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong.
我不得不承认他对了，我错了。
I cannot choose but go. 我只好去。
注意：表示不得不的其它句型
can ’t help but do
can ’t choose but do
can ’t do nothing but do
have no choice but to do
2．cannot/can never...enough/too...表示“再……也不为过”。
You cannot be careful enough to cross the road.
过马路时你怎么小心都不为过。
3．may 可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如：
May we never forget each other. 愿我们彼此永不相忘。
May you return in safety.愿你平安归来。
4．may well和may as well结构。
(1)“may well＋动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于“be very likely to do”。如：
He may well be proud of his son.
他大可为他的儿子感到自豪。
(2)“may as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。如：
You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。
We may as well stay where we are.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。
5．“should”有时表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟会”。如： It's odd that she should think I would want to see her again.
她竟然认为我会想再次见到她，真奇怪。
6．must 表示“偏要、硬要”。如：
If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.
如果你偏要走，你至少要等到暴风雨停止。
Must you make so much noise?
你非得弄出这么大声响吗？
[考点四] “情态动词＋have done”的用法
1．should/ought to＋have done表示“过去本应该做而(实际) 没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not/ought not to ＋have done”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了。
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。
You shouldn't have told her the truth.你本不该告诉她真相。
2．must ＋have done，用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，是一种很有把握的推测。注意：对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“can't/couldn't＋have done”表示。 —Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.
—She must have gone through tough training.
——叶诗文在伦敦奥运会上获得了两枚金牌。
——她肯定受过严格的训练。
It must have rained last night，for the road is quite muddy.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。
3．may/might＋have done 是对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，表示“可能已做了某事……”，否定句表示“可能还没有……”。
Sorry ，I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。
4．could ＋have done表示“过去本来可以做，但实际上没有做”；can/could＋have done表示“过去可能做过”。
I could have saved the poor rabbit，but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.
我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。
5．needn't ＋have done表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”。
Mark needn't have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。
You needn't have taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house. 你本来不必打车来这里的，因为这里离我家很近。
Ⅰ. 用适当的情态动词填空
1Although you find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap
place to shop.
2．It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.
3．Life is unpredictable; even the poorest become the richest.
4．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.
5．—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we bring anything with us?
6．—you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone? —Sorry Sir, but it's urgent.
Ⅱ. 根据提示的动词，用“情态动词＋have done”的形式填空
1．I wonder why she hasn’t written to us lately.We ______________________________ by now.(hear)
我很奇怪她最近为什么没来信，现在我们本该有她的消息了。
2．Without the earthquake-resistant housing project, the Feb. 12 earthquake ____________________ greater damage.(cause)
要是没有抗震住房工程，2月12日的地震会带来更大的损害。
3．If the old fashioned museum hadn’t been destroyed a decade ago, people there __________________ it as a place of interest now.(visit)
如果那个老博物馆十年前没被毁，当地的人们现在就可以游览这处名胜了。
4．His suggestion about the product that the release ______________________ to next Friday was turned down.(postpone) 他关于将产品发布会推迟到下周五的建议被否决了。
5．We expressed our grateful thanks to the local council, without whose help this meeting __________________________ on time.(hold)
我们非常感激当地的市政会，没有他们的帮忙，这次会议就不可能准时举行。
6．Mrs.Bathurst ______________________________ to leave New Zealand by the hope of marriage or alternatively by loneliness.(persuade)
Mrs.Bathurst 很可能已经被说服离开新西兰，要么是想结婚，要么是因为太寂寞。
7．Such sort of mistakes __________________________ if you had checked your paper word by word.(avoid)
如果你逐字检查你的试卷，这种错误本来是可以避免的。
8．You ____________________________ at the sound of the cry for help! They were acting a play.(panic)
听到求救声的时候你本不必惊慌。他们在演戏。
9．Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ___________________________(drink) too much at the party last night.
10．We ________________________ the task on time, but we suddenly had a power failure.(finish)
我们本来可以按时完成任务的，但突然停电了。
11. My book, The House of
_______________________ (take) it?
[押题题组]
Hades, is missing. Who
1．should have heard from her 2.could/would/might have caused 3.could visit 4.(should) be postponed 5.couldn ’t have been held
6．might have been persuaded 7.could have been avoided 8.needn ’t have panicked 9.must have drunk 10.could have finished 11 could/ can have taken
高考精萃
1．(2014·全国大纲卷)Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
2．(2014·北京卷)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long.
3．(2014·重庆卷)I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
4．(2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
5．(2014·湖南卷) —I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?
6．(2014·四川卷)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.
7．(2014·江西卷)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest.
8．(2013·辽宁卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________(drink) too much at the party last night.
9．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
10．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.
11．(2013·北京卷) —You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
—Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
12．(2013·天津卷)No one ________ be more generous, he has a heart of gold.
13．(2013·浙江卷)I ________(enjoy) myself more—It was a perfect day.
14．(2013·四川卷) —Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
15．(2013·重庆卷) —What are you doing this Saturday?
—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
16．(2013·陕西卷)The children ________(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
17．(2013·湖南卷)He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
18．(2012·辽宁卷)One of our rules is that every student ________ wear school uniform while at school.
19．(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)I ________ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
20．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
21．(2012·天津卷)It's quite warm here; we ________ turn the heating on yet.
22．(2012·重庆卷) —________ you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone?
—Sorry, sir, but it's urgent.
23．(2012·江苏卷)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ________ say where he was.
24．(2012·陕西卷)I ________ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
25．(2012·江西卷)We ________ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
26．(2011·辽宁卷)If you ________ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
27．(2011·全国卷Ⅰ)They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
28．(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)If you ________ smoke, please go outside.
29．(2011·北京卷) —I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He ________ not come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
30．(2011·上海卷)I __________ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
答案与解析
1．can 句意：虽然你在伦敦可能会买到减价品，但通常那儿不是一个能买到便宜货的地方。can 在此处表示“可能性”。
2．Can/May 句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花很长时间的。can/may 可以，表请求允许。
3．needn't 句意：我已经预订了一些比萨饼，所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。根据句意可知答案为needn't 。
4．should 句意：让我难过的是，他们自己那么贫穷，竟然还给我带来食物。情态动词should 可以表示说话人惊讶的语气，意为“竟然”。
5．needn't 句意：——我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物。——你的意思是说我们不必再带任何东西了吗？根据上下文可知设空处表示“不必”。
6．would 句意：我仍然记得我快乐的童年，那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would 过去常常。
7．may/might 句意：生活是不可预测的，即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。根据句意可知本空表示推测。may/might 可能。
8．must/shouldn't have drunk 句意：Harry 感到不舒服。他一定是/本不应该在昨晚的聚会上喝(了) 太多的酒。must have done 表示过去一定做了某事；shouldn't have done 表示过去本不该做某事而做了，以表达责备之意。
9．wouldn't 句意：不管她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。“won't/wouldn't open”可表示门很难打开。此处open 主动形式表示被动意义。本句题干中有“pushed”，故设空处填wouldn't 。
10．must 句意：既然没有人帮助他，他一定是独自完成了这项研究。根据题干中“Since nobody gave him any help”可判断设空处表示肯定的推测。
11．may/might 句意：——你不需要带伞，不会下雨。——哦，我不知道。也许会下呢。may/might 表示不太确定。
12．could/can 句意：没有人能比他更慷慨了，他拥有一颗金子般的心。can't/couldn't...more 表示最高级的意思。no one 本身就表示否定，故用can/could 的肯定形式。
13．couldn't/can't have enjoyed 句意：我玩得再开心不过了——这是完美的一天。“can't/couldn't...more”表示最高级的意思；根据题干中的was 可知设空处表示“过去再开心不过”，故答案为couldn't/can't have enjoyed。
14．can't/couldn't 句意：——你的眼睛为什么那么红？昨晚你肯定没睡好。——是的，我熬夜写报告了。“can't/couldn't have＋过去分词”表示过去不可能做了某事。
15．may/might 句意：——你这个周六要干什么？——我不太确定。我可能去滚石乐队的音乐会。由“I'm not sure”可以判断设空处应填表示可能性不是很大的情态动词may/might。
16．must have got 句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则他们就会按照预定时间来到湖边营地了。根据“would have been”可知是对过去事情的虚拟，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。
17．couldn't 句意：当他像这样思索一个主意的时候，尽管他很想睡，但是就是睡不着，直到把主意想出来。could 表能力，意为“能够，可以”，couldn't 是其否定形式。
18．shall 句意：我们其中的一项规定就是，学生在校期间应该穿校服。shall 用于第三人称的陈述句中用来介绍条约、法令等文件中的规定。
19．needn't 句意：我不需要用闹钟来叫醒我，因为每天早晨六点钟，那趟火车就会从我家附近经过。needn't 不需要，没必要。
20．can 句意：如果我能找到足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。考查can 表示“能力”。
21．needn't 句意：这儿相当暖和，我们还没必要开暖气。needn't 没有必要。
22．Must 句意：——你非要现在插嘴吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？——很抱歉，先生，但是这个事情太紧急了。must 表示“非要，偏偏”，多指令人不快的事。
23．wouldn't 句意：几天后，我哥哥打来电话说他一切都好，但是他就不愿说出他在什么地方。wouldn't 不愿意。
24．can't 句意：我再怎么感谢你都不为过，因为我们不在家的时候你帮助了我的儿子。can't...too much 表示“再……也不为过”。
25．needn't 句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们本没必要买如此多的食物。needn't ＋have done表示本没必要做某事，而实际上做了。
26．must 句意：如果你偏要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。must 表示“非要，偏偏”，多指令人不快的事。
27．should 句意：他们本应该在午餐时间到达，可是他们的飞机误点了。should have done 表示过去本应该做某事而未做。
28．must 句意：如果你非要抽烟，请到外面去。must 用于条件句，表示“非要，偏要”。
29．may/might 句意：——我真的不怎么喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他？——别担心，他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划是什么。根据题干中的wasn't certain 可知设空处表示不确定。
30．needn't 句意：我不必担心周末的事情——我总是在周末之前就做好了计划。needn't 没有必要。
模拟精选
1．(2014·辽宁沈阳一模)We can't imagine that two children ________ be killed by the washing machine of their house.
2．(2014·辽宁葫芦岛调研)If you ________ be late for the party, give me a call.
3．(2014·东北四校协作体联考)You ________ get the machine repaired this week. I won't need it until next month.
4．(2014·吉林延边质检) —These grapes look really beautiful.
—They ________！ See the price $3.99 a pound. Very expensive, aren't they?
5．(2014·安徽江南十校联考) —The deadline is drawing, but I failed to challenge the task a third time.
—________ my brother have a try?
6．(2014·河北衡水中学调研)Liza ________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
7．(2014·四川资阳一次诊断) —Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well, he ________ have gone far—his coat's still here.
8．(2014·云南昆明一次摸底) —Will the book I ordered arrive on time?
—It ________， if there is no traffic jam.
9．(2014·湖南汝城一中、长沙实验中学联考)You ________ have bought the book for me, but thank you all the same.
10．(2014·河南开封二模) —Have you heard of the news that Britain's former Prime Minister, Baroness Thatcher, died on Apirl 18?
—Yes. ________ she rest in peace.
11．(2013·北京西城一模) —Bill, be careful!
—Don't worry. I ________ break it.
12．(2013·北京石景山一模)On Sundays when I was a child, father and I ________ get up early and go fishing.
13．(2013·河北教学质量检测)John ________(not arrive) yet, or he would have telephoned me.
14．(2013·辽宁沈阳一模)Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, but sometimes they ________ lead to problems.
15．(2013·辽宁大连双基测试) —Thank you for inviting us. Tell your wife that she gave us a perfect party.
—I ________. See you later.
16．(2013·东北三校一模)________ we go to the McDonald's? I'm sick of the food there.
17．(2013·吉林4月质检)Time ________ heal a broken heart. After five years, Steve seems to have got over the sorrow of losing his son.
18．(2013·辽宁沈阳一模)In my memory, whenever we chose a day for a picnic, it ________ always rain on that day.
19．(2013·辽宁大连双基测试)You ________ make mistakes, but that is the way you learn how things work and how to mend them.
20．(2013·江苏泰兴黄桥中学二次月考) —You didn't wait for Elizabeth last night, did you? —Yes, but we ________. She didn't come at all.
答案与解析
1．should 句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被家里的洗衣机绞死了。should 表示“竟然”。
2．should should 用于条件状语从句中，意为“万一”。
3．needn't 句意：这周你不必请人修这台机器。到下个月我才用呢。根据题干中“I won't need it until next month.”可推知设空处表示“不必”。
4．should 句意：——这些葡萄看起来很漂亮。——它们应该这样！看价钱，3.99美元一磅，太贵了，是不是？根据句意可以猜出葡萄看起来好是应该的，因为价格贵。
5．Shall 句意：——截止日期临近，但是我又一次挑战这项任务失败。——让我弟弟试一下可以吗？shall 用于第三人称疑问句表示征求对方的意见。
6．may/might 句意：莉莎很可能不想去旅游——她讨厌旅游。根据设空处后的well 可知本空填may 或might 。may/might well do sth.＝be very likely to do sth. 意为：很可能做某事。
7．can't/couldn't 句意：——你知道戴维在哪儿吗？我到处找他都找不到。——噢，他不可能走远，因为他的大衣还在这里。can't/couldn't have done sth. 不可能做过某事。
8．should 句意：——我订购的那本书会按时到货吗？——如果交通不堵塞的话，应该会。根据“if there is no traffic jam”可推知设空处表示“应该”。
9．needn't 句意：你本来没必要为我买这本书的，不过还是要谢谢你。根据but thank you all the same 可知此处表达“本没必要买但是买了”。
10．May 句意：——你听说英国前首相撒切尔夫人在4月18日逝世的消息了吗？——听说了。愿她安息。may 但愿，表示祝愿。又如：May you both be happy! 祝你们俩幸福！
11．won't 句意：——比尔，小心点！——别担心，我不会把它弄坏的。won't do 不会或不愿做某事。
12．would 句意：我还是孩子的时候，每逢周日爸爸和我就会早起去钓鱼。would 表示过去的一种习惯性动作。
13．can't/couldn't have arrived 句意：约翰不可能已经到了，否则他就给我打电话了。can't/couldn't have done 表示：过去不可能做了某事。
14．can 句意：信用卡给我们提供了很多方便，但有时也会带来一些问题。can 用来表示客观的可能性。
15．will 句意：——谢谢邀请我们。告诉你的妻子她给了我们一个完美的晚会。——我会的。再见。will 表示一种意愿。
16．Must 句意：我们非得去麦当劳吗？那里的食物我吃腻了。根据题干中“I'm sick of the food there.”可知说话者不愿意去麦当劳。must 非得，偏要。
17．can 句意：时间能够疗伤，五年之后，史蒂夫似乎已从丧子的悲痛中恢复过来。can 表示“能力，能够”。
18．would 句意：在我的记忆中，无论我们选择哪一天去野餐，那一天总会下雨。would 表示过去经常发生的事情，意为“总是，总会”。
19．may 句意：你可能会犯错误，但那是你了解事情是如何运作和应该如何补救的方法。根据句意填may, may 表示可能性。
20．needn't have 句意：——你们昨天夜里没等伊丽莎白，是吗？——不，我们等了，但我们没必要等。她根本就没来。根据句意可知设空处表示过去没必要等却等了，故填needn't have 。
创新预测
1．Amazing! You ________ come to school wearing a necklace. Don't you know it is forbidden?
2．—The work is challenging and demanding. Who do you think is equal to it?
—________ Andy have a try?
3．—Why hasn't the cook arrived yet today?
—She just ________come for such a low salary.
4．—Isn't that lady your English teacher?
—No, it ________ be her, for she is still in Shanghai, attending a meeting.
5．I tried several times, but still couldn't get through; someone ________ have been using the telephone.
6．It's too late. Li Ping ________ not come, but let's wait for her for another 10 minutes.
7．The language barrier ________ be a problem if you're going to Europe, but my trip to Italy and Greece has proved that as long as you're an English speaker, you can go anywhere you want.
8．—I paid him 800 yuan for the T-shirt.
—Oh, you were charged too much. You ________ have bought two with that money.
9．—Are you satisfied with our service?
—Of course. We ________ get a better one.
10．Mr. Smith gave me a lot of help during my study in Britain. I ________ thank him enough.
11．Now that the weather is rainy, you ________ as well stay at home, playing chess.
12．Tom ________ well fall ill, for he hasn't turned up yet.
13．I can't find my pencil. Where ________ I put it?
14．The trip was very pleasant. It ________ be any better.
15．Why ________ you interrupt me? I'm busy with my essay.
16．If he ________ miss the train, we will get Bill to take his place.
17．—Is he coming by taxi?
—I'm not sure. He ________ drive his car.
18．—The old couple each ________ get a very nice present from our manager on their birthdays. —Great! It must be a big surprise to them.
19．—Hello, may I speak to Mr. Hu?
—I'm afraid he is not in now. ________ I take a message.
20．—Mr. Smith, how does my son behave at school?
—Pretty good, though he ________ be absent-minded occasionally.
答案与解析
1．should 此处should 表示惊讶，意思是“竟然”。
2．Shall shall 在一般疑问句中和第三人称连用时表示征求对方意见，此处答语意为“让Andy 试试好吗？”。
3．won't 此句中won't 表示“不愿意”。这么低的薪水她不愿来了。
4．can't can't 不可能(表示推测) 。根据语境，此空指那个女士不可能是她(我们的英语老师) 。
5．must 由句意可知，我过去打了好几次电话，但(过去) 无法打通，说明在我打电话时，一定有人一直在使用该电话，must have been doing sth. 表示对过去正在进行的情况的肯定推测。
6．may may not 可能不，也许不。句意：时间太晚了。李萍可能不来了，但让我们再等她十分钟看看吧。
7．might 根据语境可知“如果你去欧洲旅行，语言障碍可能是个问题”，故用might “可能”。
8．could 根据paid 可知“我”已买了这个T 恤衫了，故回答方指出“用800元你本来可以买两件的”，could have done 表示过去本来可以做某事，但没做。
9．couldn't 根据of course 可知“我们对服务很满意”，故说“我们不可能得到比这更好的服务了(We couldn't get a better one.)”。couldn't 表示的是一种虚拟语气。
10．can't I can't thank him enough. 意思是“我对他感激不尽”，相当于“I can't thank him too much.”是固定句型。
11．may/might may/might as well do sth. 最好做某事。
12．may/might may/might well do 很可能做。
13．can can 用于疑问句中表推测，意为“可能”。
14．couldn't couldn't 与形容词的比较级连用，表示最高级含义。
15．must must 表示不耐烦的语气，意为“偏要”。
16．should should 用于虚拟条件句中，意为“万一”。
17．might 根据 I'm not sure 可知用 might 。
18．shall shall 与第三人称连用，表许诺。
19．Shall shall 在第一人称前，表请求。
20．can can 表示推测，意为“可能会”。
Ⅱ. 语法填空(情态动词专练)
Miss Fang (not) read for very long without getting a go to the Health Service and see a doctor .“You should see a doctor as soon as possible ，”she said.“You
need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service.The see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor might take you at about ten to four，” the appointment clerk suggested.
“6. I put you down for ten to four
you rather come tomorrow？”
Miss Fang replied，“I think I 8.make it at ten to four.”
Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，
“9. I leave at 3：45 today？I must have an eye examination.”As expected ，the teacher said，“Yes, of course you 10. .”
1.couldn ’t 2.should 3. might/may 4. could 5.would 6. shall 7.would 8.can 9 may/can 10 can
用适当的情态动词填空
A
W: Adam，how is your knee today? Is it still giving you trouble?
M: No ，it feels a lot better today.If I had not run too fast ，I __1__ not have been
injured.I went to the doctor and he told me it was not serious，but I __2__ not take any strong activity in a few days.
W: Great! But I advise you __3__ take it easy today.Maybe just practice throwing.You __4__ not do any running any more. M: OK.__5__ I have any news about Michigan and what __6__ we expect in Saturday's
game?
W: Yes，I have some films，showing Michigan in the last three games.They are in my
office ，if you __7__ see them after practice，you can.
M: Oh，that __8__ be great.I'd like to see what we are against.They are one of the
top basketball teams in the country now since they beat Iowa last weekend.Come to think of it，why don't you go ahead and check out the game films right now? And just rest that knee this afternoon.I wish you __9__ recover soon.
W: Michigan has a strong team.We are in for a tough one.
M: All right，I __10__ be back tomorrow for full practice.
答案 1.would 2.should 3.should 4.need 5.May 6.can 7.must 8.would
9.would 10.will
B
Miss Fang __1__ (not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother
told her that she __2__ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You __3__ see a doctor as soon as possible，” she said.“You __4__ need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor __5__ see her at 3：30. Miss Fang replied that she __6__ not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor __7__ take you at about ten to four ，” the appointment clerk suggested.
“__8__ I put you down for ten to four，or __9__ you rather come tomorrow？” Miss Fang thought she __10__ (not) waste any more time.The teacher __11__ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I __12__ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“__13__ I leave at 3：45 today ？I __14__ have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said ，“Yes，of course you __15__.”
答案 1.couldn't 2.should 3.should 4.might 5.could 6．would 7.might
8.Shall 9.would 10.shouldn't 11．shouldn't 12.can 13.May/Can 14.must
15.can