议论文
原文：
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. The three passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy-ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought for it, next, because it relieves loneliness-that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what-at last-I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
译文：
三种激情虽然简单，却异常强烈，他们统治着我的生命，那便是：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，以及对人类苦难的难以承受的同情。这三种激情像变化莫测的狂风任意地把我刮来刮去，把我刮入痛苦的深海，使我濒临绝望的边缘。
我曾经寻找爱，首先是因为它能使我欣喜若狂——这种喜悦之情如此强烈，使我常常为这几个小时的愉悦而牺牲生命中的其他一切。我寻求爱，其次是因为爱能解除孤独——在这种可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的良心在世界的边缘，注视着下面冰凉、毫无生气、望不见底的深渊。我寻求爱，还因为在爱的融合中，我能以某种神秘的图像看到曾被圣人和诗人想像过的天堂里未来的景象。这就是我所追求的东西，虽然这似乎对于人类的生命来说过于完美，但这确实是我最终发现的东西。
我怀着同样的激情去寻找知识，我曾渴望着理解人心，我曾渴望知道为何星星会闪烁，我还企图弄懂毕达哥拉斯所谓的用数字控制变化的力量，但在这方面，我只知道一点点。
爱的力量和知识的力量总能引我接近天堂，但同情之心往往又把我拉回大地。痛苦的哭泣回响、震荡在我的心中。饥饿的儿童，被压迫、受折磨的人们，成为儿孙们讨厌的包袱的、无助的老人们，充斥着整个世界的孤独的气氛，贫穷和苦难，所有这一切都是对人类生活原本该具有的样子所做的讽刺。我渴望消除一切罪恶，但我办不到，因为我自己也处于苦难之中。
这就是我的生活，我认为值得已过。而且，如果有第二次机会，我将乐意地再过一次。
分析：
原文来源：本文选自Bertrand Russell: What I have Lived For
译文：陈炼佳译
罗素的这篇自传前言，几乎涵盖了整个人类世界的所有主题的思考，凝聚了他睿智和深邃的思想，为世人所品读传诵。对它翻译也自然有许多的版本。下面我对陈炼佳的翻译版本进行简要分析。
1. 本文的议论方法为演绎法（deduction ）。文章第一段第一句主旨句（topic
sentence ）；第一段第二句为对主旨句的陈述（statement ）；第二段至第四段为论据（supporting evidences）；最后一段为结论（conclusion ）。
2. 翻译技巧：
（1） 结构调整restructuring
In the process of translation, we often have to adjust or rearrange the word order owing to the different syntaxes of English and Chinese language.
例：The three passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
将“in a wayward course”提至“have blown me hither and thither”之前，译为“像变化莫测的狂风任意地把我刮来刮去”。
（2） 增词Amplification
Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
例1：The three passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
为“reaching to the very verge of despair”增加逻辑主语，译成“使我濒临绝望的边缘”，使原文语义得到清晰的表现。
例2： Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be.
饥饿的儿童，被压迫、受折磨的人们，成为儿孙们讨厌的包袱的、无助的老人们，充斥着整个世界的孤独的气氛，贫穷和苦难，所有这一切都是对人类生活原本该具有的样子所做的讽刺。
汉语中的“这”，“那”常用来复指其前面的主语，其总括性说明的作用。译文中增加“所有这一切”避免因主语太长儿导致句子失衡
（3） 分译
分译法是英汉翻译中较为常用的方法之一，其原则是，把原文中较长的句子成分或不易安排的句子成分分出来另作处理。
例：I have sought for it, next, because it relieves loneliness-that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.
我寻求爱，其次是因为爱能解除孤独——在这种可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的良心在世界的边缘，注视着下面冰凉、毫无生气、望不见底的深渊。
拆分后使整个句子读起来不那么绕口，而且更像中国的行文方式。
（4） 合译
所谓合译，即把原文中两个或两个以上的句子译为一个句子。
例：Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens.
“ so far as they were possible”可以译句为词，译为“总能”。因此原句这一复合句可以合译为一个简单句：爱情的力量和知识的力量总能引我接近天堂。
3修辞手法
（1）明喻
例：The three passions, like great winds…
将激情比作狂风
（2）蝉联
蝉联是repetition 的一种变体，又称“链式反复”或“尾首反复”，即在后一句的开肉直接重复前一句末尾的词语，或用同源词、同义词或同义分句构成链形反复。
例：I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy-ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy.
我曾经寻找爱，首先是因为它能使我欣喜若狂——这种喜悦之情如此强烈，使我常常为这几个小时的愉悦而牺牲生命中的其他一切。
（3）拟人
例：..one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.
一颗颤抖的良心在世界的边缘，注视着下面冰凉、毫无生气、望不见底的深渊。
（4）排比
第二自然段中使用了三个排比结构。译文中保留了原文的排比句式，较好地体现了原文的修辞特点。
4. 用词
本文用词较为正式。
如：govern 比control 正式；hither and thither较为古旧，显得正式；ecstasy 用词端雅；verge 比edge 更具文学色彩。
议论文
原文：
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. The three passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy-ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought for it, next, because it relieves loneliness-that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what-at last-I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
译文：
三种激情虽然简单，却异常强烈，他们统治着我的生命，那便是：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，以及对人类苦难的难以承受的同情。这三种激情像变化莫测的狂风任意地把我刮来刮去，把我刮入痛苦的深海，使我濒临绝望的边缘。
我曾经寻找爱，首先是因为它能使我欣喜若狂——这种喜悦之情如此强烈，使我常常为这几个小时的愉悦而牺牲生命中的其他一切。我寻求爱，其次是因为爱能解除孤独——在这种可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的良心在世界的边缘，注视着下面冰凉、毫无生气、望不见底的深渊。我寻求爱，还因为在爱的融合中，我能以某种神秘的图像看到曾被圣人和诗人想像过的天堂里未来的景象。这就是我所追求的东西，虽然这似乎对于人类的生命来说过于完美，但这确实是我最终发现的东西。
我怀着同样的激情去寻找知识，我曾渴望着理解人心，我曾渴望知道为何星星会闪烁，我还企图弄懂毕达哥拉斯所谓的用数字控制变化的力量，但在这方面，我只知道一点点。
爱的力量和知识的力量总能引我接近天堂，但同情之心往往又把我拉回大地。痛苦的哭泣回响、震荡在我的心中。饥饿的儿童，被压迫、受折磨的人们，成为儿孙们讨厌的包袱的、无助的老人们，充斥着整个世界的孤独的气氛，贫穷和苦难，所有这一切都是对人类生活原本该具有的样子所做的讽刺。我渴望消除一切罪恶，但我办不到，因为我自己也处于苦难之中。
这就是我的生活，我认为值得已过。而且，如果有第二次机会，我将乐意地再过一次。
分析：
原文来源：本文选自Bertrand Russell: What I have Lived For
译文：陈炼佳译
罗素的这篇自传前言，几乎涵盖了整个人类世界的所有主题的思考，凝聚了他睿智和深邃的思想，为世人所品读传诵。对它翻译也自然有许多的版本。下面我对陈炼佳的翻译版本进行简要分析。
1. 本文的议论方法为演绎法（deduction ）。文章第一段第一句主旨句（topic
sentence ）；第一段第二句为对主旨句的陈述（statement ）；第二段至第四段为论据（supporting evidences）；最后一段为结论（conclusion ）。
2. 翻译技巧：
（1） 结构调整restructuring
In the process of translation, we often have to adjust or rearrange the word order owing to the different syntaxes of English and Chinese language.
例：The three passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
将“in a wayward course”提至“have blown me hither and thither”之前，译为“像变化莫测的狂风任意地把我刮来刮去”。
（2） 增词Amplification
Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
例1：The three passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
为“reaching to the very verge of despair”增加逻辑主语，译成“使我濒临绝望的边缘”，使原文语义得到清晰的表现。
例2： Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be.
饥饿的儿童，被压迫、受折磨的人们，成为儿孙们讨厌的包袱的、无助的老人们，充斥着整个世界的孤独的气氛，贫穷和苦难，所有这一切都是对人类生活原本该具有的样子所做的讽刺。
汉语中的“这”，“那”常用来复指其前面的主语，其总括性说明的作用。译文中增加“所有这一切”避免因主语太长儿导致句子失衡
（3） 分译
分译法是英汉翻译中较为常用的方法之一，其原则是，把原文中较长的句子成分或不易安排的句子成分分出来另作处理。
例：I have sought for it, next, because it relieves loneliness-that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.
我寻求爱，其次是因为爱能解除孤独——在这种可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的良心在世界的边缘，注视着下面冰凉、毫无生气、望不见底的深渊。
拆分后使整个句子读起来不那么绕口，而且更像中国的行文方式。
（4） 合译
所谓合译，即把原文中两个或两个以上的句子译为一个句子。
例：Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens.
“ so far as they were possible”可以译句为词，译为“总能”。因此原句这一复合句可以合译为一个简单句：爱情的力量和知识的力量总能引我接近天堂。
3修辞手法
（1）明喻
例：The three passions, like great winds…
将激情比作狂风
（2）蝉联
蝉联是repetition 的一种变体，又称“链式反复”或“尾首反复”，即在后一句的开肉直接重复前一句末尾的词语，或用同源词、同义词或同义分句构成链形反复。
例：I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy-ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy.
我曾经寻找爱，首先是因为它能使我欣喜若狂——这种喜悦之情如此强烈，使我常常为这几个小时的愉悦而牺牲生命中的其他一切。
（3）拟人
例：..one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.
一颗颤抖的良心在世界的边缘，注视着下面冰凉、毫无生气、望不见底的深渊。
（4）排比
第二自然段中使用了三个排比结构。译文中保留了原文的排比句式，较好地体现了原文的修辞特点。
4. 用词
本文用词较为正式。
如：govern 比control 正式；hither and thither较为古旧，显得正式；ecstasy 用词端雅；verge 比edge 更具文学色彩。