专题一 语法填空
1. 题型特点
2014年的全国新课标卷中出现的语法填空这种新题型。其实这并非全新的题型,广东卷从2007年起就开始使用该题型,语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空,这种命题形式以语篇为核心,着重考查学生对英语基础知识的灵活运用。考试大纲中说明,语篇型语法填空,旨在考察考生在阅读理解的基础之上,对语法知识的掌握情况,着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。该题型不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则,而且要求考生需对每一个语法项目的基本概念、用法等都必须掌握清楚。这一转变体现了新课标改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变,以及当今高考英语改革的趋势,突出语篇,强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。
语法填空有两种出题形式:对话体和短文体。对话为中学生熟悉或者经常经历的场景,短文以记叙文为主,夹叙夹议文和说明文为辅,难度和高中教材内容相当,词汇一般不超出考纲词汇,但会适当地考查考生词汇的派生词。篇章长度在200词左右,要求考生在理解上下文情境的基础之上,根据单词提示写出单词的正确形式,或者根据对原文的理解,填入适当的内容,所填单词数量由2014年考纲中的不超过三个,改成2015年考试大纲中的一个。
2. 命题角度
分析语法填空的题型特点后会发现它的命题角度有三个方面,
1)“纯空格题”:对冠词、介词、代词、连词及功能性结构副词的考查;
2)“给词类题”:对词性转化、时态语态、形容词、副词的比较等级的考查;3)非谓语动词形式。
(1)语篇的整体把握
语篇型语法填空更注重学生在篇章理解的基础之上来解决每个空格,所填答案必须在语法、意思方面符合上下文的逻辑、人称、时态等,所以对文章的整体把握至关重要。
(2)语法的灵活运用
以前的单选试题考查语法时忽略了语言交际性的原则,而语法填空要求学生借助语境来正确使用冠词、代词、名词、动词的时态和语态、情态动词、从句、特殊句式等,这就需要学生对每一种语法的概念、含义、特殊情况都要精确把握。
(3)构词法的熟练掌握
以前考察单选时,很多同学对单词只是进行认读,而不重视单词拼写的正确记忆,而语法填空要求学生正确判断句子成分,并能正确拼写出单词,这就要求学生在学习过程中了解和识记名词、形容词、副词等的词缀变化规则,牢固地夯实基础词汇知识。
解题技巧
1正确分析句子成分
英语中五大基本句型(5种简单句)
1) 主谓宾
2) 主谓
3) 主谓双宾
4) 主谓宾宾补
5) 主系表
学生在做题过程中必须准确找到句子的主干,然后把句子拆分为独立的几个个体,分析每个词汇、短语、从句在句中充当的成分,才能判断出空中需要什么样的词和结构。
给出动词原形
当设空处给出动词原形时,一般应该考虑三个解题方向;若该空是句子的谓语,则考虑动词的时态、语态及主谓一致;若句中已有了谓语动词,且设空处不是并列谓语,则考
虑非谓语动词的正确形式;若设空在句中充当主语、宾语、定语,则考虑动词的词性转换。
1) It was raining lightly when I________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
2) Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees________ (sell) the wood.
3) Welcome to our program. Today we________ (invite) Fred Watson, a driving instructor with over 20 years’ experience to talk to us about learning to drive. Learning to drive is usually a nervous experience for_________(begin). What do you think?
给出形容词或副词
形容词在句中作定语、宾补和表语,副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,此外还要注意级别的变化。
1) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out t-hat heat ________ (slow) during cool nights…
2) I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys for hours, and I thank-ed god for the _______ (great) gift have ever been given.
词性选择
名词多做主语和宾语,形容词多作表语、定语,副词多作状语修饰整个句子、动词、副词、形容词,主格代词作主语,宾格代词作宾语,形容词性物主代词作定语,名词性物主代词作主语和表语。
1) As we all know, baked or fried foods may be _______ (taste), but eating too much of them will ___________(probable )result in some illnesses.
2) Susan went to a boarding school. Here is one of the letters she wrote to _____ parents from the school.
2联系上下文, 准确翻译
没有提示词的空, 必须立足于全篇, 联系上下文, 正确翻译, 才能填出符合上下文逻辑、语法、句法的词汇,主要考查代词、冠词、介词、情态动词、并列连词(and, or, but, so 等)、各种从句的引导词等。
1) To the Egyptians, green is a color ______ represents the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven.
2) Almost frozen,the old man could not get _____ the ground.
3) He kept on touching ______ hair of the doll and looked very sad.
4) He was very tired of doing this for whole day, _____ he felt very happy because the crop did “grow” higher.
解题步骤
1、通读全篇,整体把握
既然语法填空是借助语篇的形式来考查语法知识和词法的掌握程度,那么在解题前就应该迅速地浏览全文,以便了解全文主旨,从整体上把握人称、时态、事情的前因后果,为下一步填空做好一定准备。要注意一些关键词语或句子,特别是涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、经过、结果的词句,另外,学生应该从了文章的逻辑结构、上下文联系中挖掘、作者的观点和态度。
2 、分析句子,试填空格
在通读全文后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析空格所缺单词的词性,考虑名词的可数、不可数、单复数以及名字的前面的冠词,动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致等问题,区分各种从句,包括状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句,掌握相应从句的引导词的用法。重视固定搭配,特别是动词短语、名词短语、介词短语和一些常用句型。再根据句子的结构和意义以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。
3、重读复查,检验确认
如果时间允许,复查很必要。复查的方法是:将所有答案代进短文中进行通读和翻译,注意动作发生的先后、主被动、人称前后一致、单词形式拼写正确与否,没有给词的空白处句意是否上下连贯,还是前后矛盾,一些固定结构、短语在填填空过程中有没有注意到,发现错误后要反复验证,最终确定正确答案。
2016高考真题链接
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61_____(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62______(allow )to get up close to th-ese cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassad-or. The title will be 63______ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65_______ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67_______(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68________ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69______( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70_______ other is with mum-she never suspects.
专题一 语法填空
1. 题型特点
2014年的全国新课标卷中出现的语法填空这种新题型。其实这并非全新的题型,广东卷从2007年起就开始使用该题型,语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空,这种命题形式以语篇为核心,着重考查学生对英语基础知识的灵活运用。考试大纲中说明,语篇型语法填空,旨在考察考生在阅读理解的基础之上,对语法知识的掌握情况,着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。该题型不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则,而且要求考生需对每一个语法项目的基本概念、用法等都必须掌握清楚。这一转变体现了新课标改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变,以及当今高考英语改革的趋势,突出语篇,强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。
语法填空有两种出题形式:对话体和短文体。对话为中学生熟悉或者经常经历的场景,短文以记叙文为主,夹叙夹议文和说明文为辅,难度和高中教材内容相当,词汇一般不超出考纲词汇,但会适当地考查考生词汇的派生词。篇章长度在200词左右,要求考生在理解上下文情境的基础之上,根据单词提示写出单词的正确形式,或者根据对原文的理解,填入适当的内容,所填单词数量由2014年考纲中的不超过三个,改成2015年考试大纲中的一个。
2. 命题角度
分析语法填空的题型特点后会发现它的命题角度有三个方面,
1)“纯空格题”:对冠词、介词、代词、连词及功能性结构副词的考查;
2)“给词类题”:对词性转化、时态语态、形容词、副词的比较等级的考查;3)非谓语动词形式。
(1)语篇的整体把握
语篇型语法填空更注重学生在篇章理解的基础之上来解决每个空格,所填答案必须在语法、意思方面符合上下文的逻辑、人称、时态等,所以对文章的整体把握至关重要。
(2)语法的灵活运用
以前的单选试题考查语法时忽略了语言交际性的原则,而语法填空要求学生借助语境来正确使用冠词、代词、名词、动词的时态和语态、情态动词、从句、特殊句式等,这就需要学生对每一种语法的概念、含义、特殊情况都要精确把握。
(3)构词法的熟练掌握
以前考察单选时,很多同学对单词只是进行认读,而不重视单词拼写的正确记忆,而语法填空要求学生正确判断句子成分,并能正确拼写出单词,这就要求学生在学习过程中了解和识记名词、形容词、副词等的词缀变化规则,牢固地夯实基础词汇知识。
解题技巧
1正确分析句子成分
英语中五大基本句型(5种简单句)
1) 主谓宾
2) 主谓
3) 主谓双宾
4) 主谓宾宾补
5) 主系表
学生在做题过程中必须准确找到句子的主干,然后把句子拆分为独立的几个个体,分析每个词汇、短语、从句在句中充当的成分,才能判断出空中需要什么样的词和结构。
给出动词原形
当设空处给出动词原形时,一般应该考虑三个解题方向;若该空是句子的谓语,则考虑动词的时态、语态及主谓一致;若句中已有了谓语动词,且设空处不是并列谓语,则考
虑非谓语动词的正确形式;若设空在句中充当主语、宾语、定语,则考虑动词的词性转换。
1) It was raining lightly when I________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
2) Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees________ (sell) the wood.
3) Welcome to our program. Today we________ (invite) Fred Watson, a driving instructor with over 20 years’ experience to talk to us about learning to drive. Learning to drive is usually a nervous experience for_________(begin). What do you think?
给出形容词或副词
形容词在句中作定语、宾补和表语,副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,此外还要注意级别的变化。
1) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out t-hat heat ________ (slow) during cool nights…
2) I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys for hours, and I thank-ed god for the _______ (great) gift have ever been given.
词性选择
名词多做主语和宾语,形容词多作表语、定语,副词多作状语修饰整个句子、动词、副词、形容词,主格代词作主语,宾格代词作宾语,形容词性物主代词作定语,名词性物主代词作主语和表语。
1) As we all know, baked or fried foods may be _______ (taste), but eating too much of them will ___________(probable )result in some illnesses.
2) Susan went to a boarding school. Here is one of the letters she wrote to _____ parents from the school.
2联系上下文, 准确翻译
没有提示词的空, 必须立足于全篇, 联系上下文, 正确翻译, 才能填出符合上下文逻辑、语法、句法的词汇,主要考查代词、冠词、介词、情态动词、并列连词(and, or, but, so 等)、各种从句的引导词等。
1) To the Egyptians, green is a color ______ represents the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven.
2) Almost frozen,the old man could not get _____ the ground.
3) He kept on touching ______ hair of the doll and looked very sad.
4) He was very tired of doing this for whole day, _____ he felt very happy because the crop did “grow” higher.
解题步骤
1、通读全篇,整体把握
既然语法填空是借助语篇的形式来考查语法知识和词法的掌握程度,那么在解题前就应该迅速地浏览全文,以便了解全文主旨,从整体上把握人称、时态、事情的前因后果,为下一步填空做好一定准备。要注意一些关键词语或句子,特别是涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、经过、结果的词句,另外,学生应该从了文章的逻辑结构、上下文联系中挖掘、作者的观点和态度。
2 、分析句子,试填空格
在通读全文后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析空格所缺单词的词性,考虑名词的可数、不可数、单复数以及名字的前面的冠词,动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致等问题,区分各种从句,包括状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句,掌握相应从句的引导词的用法。重视固定搭配,特别是动词短语、名词短语、介词短语和一些常用句型。再根据句子的结构和意义以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。
3、重读复查,检验确认
如果时间允许,复查很必要。复查的方法是:将所有答案代进短文中进行通读和翻译,注意动作发生的先后、主被动、人称前后一致、单词形式拼写正确与否,没有给词的空白处句意是否上下连贯,还是前后矛盾,一些固定结构、短语在填填空过程中有没有注意到,发现错误后要反复验证,最终确定正确答案。
2016高考真题链接
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61_____(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62______(allow )to get up close to th-ese cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassad-or. The title will be 63______ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65_______ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67_______(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68________ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69______( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70_______ other is with mum-she never suspects.