连词与状语从句知识梳理

知识梳理

知识点1：

一、连词含义

连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。

二、具体用法

1. 并列连词

1）. 并列连词的功能：

连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即，连接两个平行的

成分或句子。

如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, both„

and, not only„but also, either„or, neither„nor, (and)then等等。

2）. 并列连词的用法：表示连接两个共同概念

and 和or

1) 并列结构中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。

2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：

There is no air or water in the moon.

There is no air and no water on the moon.

在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用

and 。

both „and 两者都(两者都强调，谓语动词为复数)

not only„but (also),不但„而且(强调后者，就近原则)

注意：

not only„ but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。

Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.

neither „nor 意思为" 既不„„也不„„" (就近原则)

Neither you nor he is to blame.

as well as也 (强调前者，就远原则)

The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much.

I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels.

表示选择的并列结构

1) or意思为" 否则" 。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.

2) either„or 意思为" 或者„„或者„„" 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。

Either you or I am right.

表示转折或对比

1) but表示转折，while 表示对比。

some people love cats, while others hate them.

2) not„but „ 意思为" 不是„„而是„„"

not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.

表示因果关系

1) for

for 是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。

2) so, therefore

He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.

备注：

a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。

You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.

He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.

b. although„ yet„，但although 不与 but连用。

(错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..

(对) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.

比较so 和 such

其规律由so 与such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，

只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many ，few ，much ， little连用，形

成固定搭配。

2从属连词

1). 引导宾语从句的从属连词有三个：

that (无词义，可省略) ；

whether (是否) ，可与“or (not) ”连用；if(是否) 。它们在从句中都不作成分。在

ask,wonder,not know,want to know,not be sure 等后常用whether 或if 从句，而不用that

从句。

2. 引导状语从句的从属连词：

常用连词的用法辨析

1． while, when, as

这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。

1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。最常用的是when 可用来引导表示“背景”

的时间状语从句。例如：

When I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.

2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while 。例如：

While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.

3) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边„一边„”时，最常用as 。例如：

Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.

She looked behind from time to time as she went

4) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when 。例如：

When he finished his work, he took a short rest.

5) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when 。例如：

When John arrived I was cooking lunch.

2.because, since , for, as

这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。

1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because 。因此，because 引导的从句往往放在

句末。例如：

I stayed at home because it rained.

---Why aren’t you going?

---Because I don’t want to.

2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as 或since=now that(既然，

由于) 。Since 比as 稍微正式一点。As 和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：

As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.

Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.

3) for 用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for 引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For 引导的句

子不放在句子的开头。例如：

I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.

3.if, whether

if 和whether 都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：

I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.

I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.

在下列情况下，只能用whether, 不能用if ：

1) 引导主语从句时。例如：

Whether he will come to the party is unknown.

2) 引导表语从句时。例如：

The question is whether I can pass the exam.

3) 在不定式前。例如：

I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.

4.so „that, such...that

1) so „that 中的so 是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that 中的such 是个

形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：

I ’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.

It was such a warm day that he went swimming.

2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so, 不用such 。例如：

He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.

5.either „or „, neither„nor, not only„but also„

这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，

谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：

Either you or he is wrong.

Neither he nor his children like fish.

Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.

6.although, but

这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。

例如：我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”

这个句子应改为：

Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.

或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.

7.because, so

这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。

例如：我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”

这个句子应改为

Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.

或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.

知识点2：状语从句

概念：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。

状语从句的分类

1. 条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition)

2. 时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time)

3. 目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose)

4. 结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result)

5. 原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause)

6. 让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession)

7. 比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison)

8. 方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner)

9. 地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place)

状语从句用法分析

1. 条件状语从句

表示状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.

I will go to the party unless he goes there too. 我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如

果他不去, 我也不去.)

You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走, 你将会迟到的.

(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)

He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.

一般将来时，一般现在时

“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例

如：

Hurry up, or （其中文意思是什么）you ’ll be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam.

=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

批注：需要让学生理解祈使句也是个句子，只是省略主语的句子，汉语中也较多此类句

型，可以类比讲解。

2. 1）连接词when 、while 、as 引导的时间状语从句。

⑴when

从句中的动词无论是延续性动词，还是短暂性动词都可以用when 引导从句。

When I was watching TV, my mother came back.

When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.

When I got to the airport, the guests had left.

从句中的动词是延续性动词，可以用while 或as 替代when 。

My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspapers.

My father is cooking as my mother is reading newspapers.

⑵while: 对两个同时进行的动作或状态进行对比时（从句只用连续性动词）

While she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.

⑶as: “一边一边”，“随着”指时间的推移时，只能用as 。

As time went by, the days became colder and colder.

As Christmas are coming nearer, the children got excited.

2）由till 或until 引导的时间状语从句，一般情况下两者可以互换。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，用否定形式；“直到„. 才”

如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定形式， “直到„” I didn't go to bed until（till ） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床

睡觉。

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到

散会之后他才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。

3）由since 引导的时间状语从句。 “自从„”since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性

的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。 I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？

4）由as soon as,when等引导的时间状语从句。表“一„就”，”当...... 时”。符合“主

将从现”

例如：As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来

电话。

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那

里去。

The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了

出事地点。

5）由by the time 引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓

语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在

时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这

本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来

这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。

6） before, after引导的时间状语从句

主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般

过去时。如：

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

3. 目的状语从句

由so that, in order that. 表示“为了，以便”连接的目的状语从句。如：

Cherry was walking quickly so that (in order that) she could arrive at the cinema

in time.

John sent the mail by air in order that (so that) it might arrive a little earlier.

1）通常情况下，so that 等于in order that.

2）从句中往往出现情态动词：can\could\may\might

3）当主从句的主语一致时，可转换为相应动词不定式结构：so as to\in order to

In order to 后跟动词原形，in order that 后跟从句。

4. 结果状语从句

(1) 结果状语从句由so „that, such„that, so that引导。

例如：He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.

(2) so„that 语such...that 可以互换。

在由so...that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词连用。

其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。

例如：He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such „that 引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数

可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数

名词，前面需加不定冠词a 或an 。

例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

* 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。

例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

(3) 如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such 。

例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

注意：

so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：

目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。

从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)

批注：这里主要引导学生从意思的角度进行区分，比如第二个句子，生病的目的不可能

是为了休息，不符合正常的逻辑。

5. 原因状语从句

由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导

I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学，因为我生

病了。

Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了, 让我们开始

开会吧.

As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好, 你就

不该熬夜.

I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,

因为我有事要告诉她.

Now that sinner is ready, go and wash your hands. 既然饭已经准备好了，去洗手

吧。

because , since , as , for,辨析

because, as, for, since这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词，语气由强至弱依次为：

because → since → as →for 。其中because, since, as 均为从属连词，引导原因

状语从句；而for 是并列连词，引导并列句。

6. 让步状语从句

表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.

though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but 连用. Although, (though)„but

的格式是不对的. 但是他们都可以同 yet (still) 连用. 所以thought

(although)„yet(still)的格式是正确的。比较：

l). W: Although he is rich but he is not happy.

R : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有, 然而他并不

快乐.

2). R: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.

R : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.

尽管我们已经长大了, 可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩。

even if, even though“即使” „只用于让步状语从句

让步状从/名词性从句

while突出对比

7. 比较状语从句

比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。

原级

1. 肯定：as „（原级）as 和„„一样

Jack is as tall as Bob. 捷克和汤姆一样高。

2. 否定： not so/(as) （原级）„as „和„不一样

She is not so/(as)outgoing as her sister. 她不如她姐姐外向。

The result is not as good as I excepted.结果不如我想象的好。

比较级

1. more„than (更)

This book is more instructive than that one. 这本书比那本书由教育意义。

2. the more„the more„“越„越„”

最高级

1. The most„in/of

This book is the most interesting of the three. 这本书是三本中最有趣的。

2. the + 形容词+est„of/in

This road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。

8. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever 等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，

耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。

You ’d better make a mark where you don’t understand.你最好在你不懂的地方做

上记号。

You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地

方。

随堂练习

I. Choose the best answer.

1. ______ a person really wants something, he will work harder to get it.

A ) Although B) If C) Until D) Unless

2. ______ he was tired after the daily hard work, Mo Yan was hungry for books.

A) Since B) As soon as C) Although D) Until

3. The kids are taught to stay calm and go out of the building one by one ________

there is a fire.

A) until B) because C) if D) although

4. ________ Jeremy broke his leg last year, he performed very well on the basketball

court in the new season.

A) When B) Because C) Although D) If

5. You will be out of date ____________ you keep on studying from time to time.

A) if B) unless C) because D) or

6. You will end up in hospital ______ you go on smoking like that.

A) unless B) if C) because D) until

7. Jane doesn’t want to go to the cinema tonight she has seen the film twice.

A) unless B) because C) until D) before

8. – Look! Here comes the school bus.

– No hurry. Don’t get on it ________ it has stopped.

A) until B) after C) since D) when

9. My father didn’t give up smoking ________ the doctor told him to do so.

A) unless B) when C) until D) after

10. You’ll never succeed you don’t work hard.

A) if B) until C) unless D) when

11. You are not allowed to enter the exhibition ________ you have a ticket.

A) if B) when C) unless D ) because

12. _____his 1-year-old smart phone still works perfectly, he feels the need to

replace it.

A) Unless B) When C) Until D) Although

13. Joan says she won’t buy a car ________ she passes the driving test.

A) unless B) because C) since D) if

14. I have tried many times to memorize the poem, ______ I always fail.

A) and B) or C) but D) so

15. We listened eagerly and carefully, ______ he brought news of our families.

A) and B) but C) so D) for

16. ________ you don’t clean your teeth regularly, you will get toothache.

A) Although B) If C) Unless D) Whether

17. Terry did very well in the interview, ________ he got his dream job in IBM.

A) for B) so C) but D) or

18. Amway is a lovely girl she speaks English very well.

A) but B) so C) and D) or

19. You’d better start early, ________ you will be late again for school.

A) and B) but C) or D) so

20. We must do something to protect the earth, __________we will lose our home.

A) and B) or C) so D) but

21. “Show me your ticket, ________ I won ’t let you in. ” the guardsaid angrily.

A) so B) or C) but D) and

22. We’d better have some cakes, __________ the meal will be ready in two hours.

A. for B. or C. but D. so

23. This city used to have many famous landmarks, ________ many of them were destroyed

in the war.

A) or B) but C) and D) so

24. Some people said that the world would be over on December 21, 2012, in fact

it was not true.

A) and B) but C) so D) for

25. You’ll never succeed you don’t work hard.

A) if B) until C) unless D) when

26. Parents should always keep an eye on little children, ________ they can easily

get hurt.

A) so B) but C) and D) or

27. Tim, follow your doctor’s suggestion, _____your cough won’t get worse.

A) or B) and C) so D) but 28. The two boys were walking along the river______they heard a shout for help.

A) although B) since C) when D) as

29.We won't be able to catch the bus________we hurry up.

A) if B)and C)then D) unless

30. He ’s not in now. Would you like to leave a message ________

call again later?

A) and B) but C) so D) or

31. Joan says she won’t buy a car ________ she passes the driving test.

A) unless B) because C) since D) if

句型转换

17. You will be late if you don’t set off early. (保持句意基本不变)

You ____________ be late ____________ you set off late.（闵行区）

18. The firemen stopped working when all the workers were saved.(保持句意基本不

变)

The firemen _____ stop working _____ all the workers were saved.

19. I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.(保持句意不变)

I _______ go to the party _______ I’m invited.

20. Mum, the house is so small that we can’t live in it any longer.（保持句意基本

不变）

Mum, the house isn’t __________ __________ for us to live in any longer.

21. The problem is too difficult for us to work out. (保持句意基本不变)

The problem is ________ difficult that ________ can work it out. （普陀）

22. Put on your coat, or you’ll catch a cold. (保持句意基本不变)

________ you ________ put on your coat, you’ll catch a cold. （一模普陀）

23. I will sleep with the window open unless it is really cold. (保持句意不变)

___________it___________ really cold, I will sleep with the window open. （一模闵行）

24. Betty is warm-hearted. Everyone wants to make friends with her. {合并为一句)

Betty is ________warm-hearted ________everyone wants to make friends with her. （一模杨浦）

25. I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.(保持句意基本不变)

I ____________ go to the party ____________ I'm invited. （2010一模崇明）

26. The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box himself. (保持原句意思)

The boy is strong ______ ______ carry the heavy box himself. （2010一模奉贤）

27. The old fisherman was too weak to go fishing any more. (保持句意不变)

The old fisherman was not ___________ ____________to go fishing any more. （一模闵行）

28. My father is so tall that he can reach the book on the shelf.(保持原句意思) My father is ___________ ___________ to reach the book on the shelf. （一模虹口）

29. Memorize something with a silly or strange picture and you'll remember it better. (保持原句意思)

______ you memorize something with a silly or strange picture, you will ____ your memory. （一模虹口）

30. Be quick, or you will miss the school bus. (保持句意基本不变)

You will miss the school bus ___________ you ___________ quick. （2010一模黄浦）

31. Jack won't go to have a barbecue with us. He should finish the work first. (合并为一句)

Jack won't go to have a barbecue with us ___________ he ___________ the work on time. （2010一模静安）

33. The kids stopped playing basketball when it was dark. (保持句意基本不变) The kids ____________ stop playing basketball ____________ it was dark. （2010一模浦东）

34. They were so lucky that they could receive many books from Project Hope. (保持句意基本不变)

They were lucky ____________ ____________ receive many books from Project Hope. （2010一模徐汇）

35. We will have a barbecue in the forest park if it doesn't rain this Sunday. (保持句意基本不变)

We will have a barbecue in the forest park ____________ it ____________ this Sunday. （2010一模徐汇）

36. It was too cold for the driver to get the engine started. (保持句意基本不变) It was ________ cold ________ the driver couldn ’t get the engine started.( 2011崇明县)

37. The fire was so fierce (凶猛的) that nobody could enter the building to rescue people. (保持句意基本不变)

The fire was _________ fierce for ________ to enter the building to rescue people. (2011虹口)

38. Computers can't work unless human beings write programs for them. (保持原句意思)

Computers can't work_____ human beings______ write programs for them. (2011金山区)

39. You will be unhealthy if you don't do exercise regularly. （保持句意基本不变）

You will be unhealthy you exercise regularly. (2011卢湾区)

40. To keep the room clean, we need to wash pet dogs regularly. (保持句意基本不变)

We need to wash pet dogs regularly _____ ____ we can keep the room clean. (2011闵行)

41. I will call the police if that noise doesn’t stop soon. (保持句意基本不变) I will call the police__________ that noise _________soon. (2011闵行区)

42. The ice cream will melt, so you’d better put it in the bridge at once. (保持原句意思不变) The ice cream will melt __________you________ put it in the bridge at once. (2011 浦东)

43. Jack was very tall. He was able to reach the book on the shelf. (保持句意基本

不变)

Jack was____ ______to reach the book on the shelf. (2011松江区)

44. Detective Ken examined the room carefully in order to find some clues. (保持句意不变)

Detective Ken examined the room carefully___________ __________ he could find some clues.( 2011徐汇区) 45.Take the maglev train, or you will be late for the plane. (保持句意不变) You__________ be late for the plane_____________you take the maglev train. (2011闸北)

46. If you don't clean your teeth regularly, you will get toothache. (保

持句意基本不变)

You______get toothache ____you clean your teeth regularly. (2011长宁区)

47. Mary finished her work. Then she went home. (合并为一句)

Mary ____ go home____ she finished her work. (2011 黄浦区)

48. Little Tom ate too many chocolates. He had toothache. (两句合并为一句)

Little Tom ate ___________ many chocolates _________ he had toothache. (2011 浦东)

来源：北辰教育英语教研组

北辰教育一对一个性化课外辅导

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