科学无国界, 人才有国籍!
—从“战略发展”的角度看科技人才培养目标
Scientists without borders, talents have the
nationality!
- from" strategic" perspective of talent training
goal
姜莅营
Jiang Liying
(天津市 300074 ,天津市实验中学)
( Tianjin city 300074, Tianjin City Experimental Middle School )
摘要: 人类社会的共同发展、中华民族的繁荣昌盛，都离不开高素质的人才。“科学无国界”体现了人类社会的共同发展；“人才有国籍”会关系到中华民族的繁荣昌盛。现在应该从“战略发展”的角度看科技人才培养的育人目标，在注重个性发展的同时，不要忽视共性的要求；时代需求的同时，还要累加历史的沉积。我们需要培养青少年一代成为：“起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。”成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。培养能够理解多元文化、具有科技创新能力的“优秀人才与拔尖人才” 。
Abstract: the common development of mankind, the Chinese nation's thriving and prosperous, is inseparable from the high quality talent. " Science without borders" embodies the common development of mankind;" talent nationality" will matter to the Chinese nation 's thriving and prosperous. It should be from the" strategic" perspective of talent training goal of educating people, focus on personality development at the same time, do not ignore the common requirements; the requirements of the times at the same time, but also accumulated historical deposition. We need to cultivate the young generation to become:" up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers. Foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors. Culture can understand multiculturalism, has the innovation ability of science and technology "talents and talents".
关键词: 科技创新；战略发展；人才培养
Key words: technology innovation; development strategy; personnel training 1
1 概述 1作者简介:姜莅营，男，理学学士，中学高级教师。从事科学普及教育工作27年；中国青少年科技辅导员协会会员；中国科协科普志愿者。曾经获得全国优秀辅导员奖和首届“津门科技传播之星”称号。P050200005M 、[1**********]、[email protected]。
1 Overview
人类社会的共同发展、中华民族的繁荣昌盛，都离不开高素质的人才。“人才是指具有一定的专业知识或专门技能，进行创造性劳动并对社会做出贡献的人，是人力资源中能力和素质较高的劳动者。”因此，学校的育人目标就关系到：“培养什么样的人和怎样培养人”这一重要、关键的问题。特别是在科学文化迅猛发展的今天，在信息化世界面前，在全球政治、经济紧密联系的现实中，都要求我们从战略发展的角度去看待、确立教育的育人目标。
The common development of mankind, the Chinese nation's thriving and prosperous, is inseparable from the high quality talent. " The talent is to point to have certain professional knowledge or skill, work creatively and make contribution to the society of man, is the human resources ability and high quality workers." Therefore, the school education concerns:" what kind of students and how to cultivate people" this important, key problems. Especially in science and culture is developing rapidly nowadays, in the information world, in global politics, economy closely to the reality, we should develop from a strategic perspective, establish the education goal. 2 培养造就创新型科技人才的战略意义
2 training innovative talents of science and technology strategic significance
创新型科技人才是新知识的创造者、新技术的发明者、新学科的创建者、新产业的开拓者，是国家竞争力的决定性因素。国人皆知，“钱学森之问”。那么，在钱学森这位科学巨擘眼中，什么样的人才算得上“杰出人才”呢？跟随钱老26年之久的秘书兼学术助手、年届七旬的涂元季1先生说：“他心目中的杰出人才要比一般的专家、院士高出一大截，用他的话说叫科技帅才。尽管他没说过，但我觉得他所说的杰出人才其实就是像他一样，能带领大家把导弹搞出来的人。他的基本观点是，我们的学科专业不能分得太细。按钱老的标准，这样的杰出人才不仅要在国内某一领域位居前沿，而且要在全球科技领域让人一提到就竖起大拇指；不仅个人要具备拔尖的学术水平，还要有本事团结一大批人，统领一大批专家攻克重大的科技难关。”
Technology innovation talents is the new knowledge of the creator, new technology inventor, creator, the new discipline of new industry pioneer, is the critical factor of national competition ability. People knows," Tsien Hsueshen asked". Then, in Tsien Hsueshen the scientific giant eyes, what kind of talent as the" outstanding talent"? Follow the money the old 26 years secretary and assistant, academic year 70 Tu yuan Season 1 said:" the eyes of his outstanding talent than most of the experts, academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences a big slice, in his words, called the science attitudes. Although he didn't say, but I think he said talents is actually like him, can lead us to get out of the missile. His is the fundamental point of view, our discipline not spread too thin. According to money the old standards, such outstanding talents need not only in the domestic one field at the forefront, but also in the global science and technology field lets a person referred to as thumbs up; not only the individual should have excellent academic level, but also has the ability to unite a large number of people, and a large number of experts to capture major scientific and technological problems."
2010年6月，《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要（2010－2020年）》2正式颁布，这是新中国成立以来第一个中长期人才发展规划。提出了我国到2020年的人才发展总体目标、指导方针、战略部署和重点任务，确立了人才优先发展的新理念，并对体制机制创新、重大政策和人才工程进行了系统设计。《人才规划》是在国家国民经济与社会发展总体规划框架下，与科技、教育等国家若干领域发展规划相并列的专项规划，是实施人才强国战略的总体规划，是我国今后一个时期人才发展的纲领性文件。《人才规划》强调要突出培养造就创新型科技人才，进一步明确了创新型科技人才队伍建设的重要意义和科技人才工作的重点任务。我们
也看到，在国人期待诺奖的背后，不乏对现有教育体制的质疑。
2010 June," national medium and long-term talent development plan ( 2010 - 2020 )" 2 officially promulgated, it is since the founding of new China the first term talent development planning. Put forward our country to 2020 talent development overall objectives, guidelines, strategic plan and the key task, established a talent to give priority to the development of new ideas, and the system mechanism innovation, policy and talent engineering system design. " Talent" is planning in national economy and social development overall planning framework, and science and technology, education and other countries several areas of development planning of special planning, is to implement strategy of talent powerful nation of overall planning, China is in a period of talent development of the programmatic document. " Talent planning" stressed the need to highlight the cultivation of innovative talents, to further clarify the innovative scientific and technological talent team construction and the important significance of the work of science and technology talents key task. We also see, in people look forward to the prize is behind, to the current educational system question.
3 国际人才竞争表现为一个国家的人才获得和另一国家的人才流失。
3 international competition for talent shows as a national talent acquisition and another country's brain drain.
有这样一篇文章讲述了这样的一个故事，使我深感敬佩，因此，我全文拷贝：3
This article describes such a story, so I deeply respect, therefore, I full text copies: 3
（在明尼苏打大学的一次鸡尾酒会上，美国著名计算机科学家和数据库专家哈瑞. 让再三挽留一位中国学者：“李先生，请你再考虑考虑，留下来! ”“我已经考虑好了。”中国学者语气婉转而坚定：“科学无国界，但我有国籍。”平静而掷地有声的语言，令在场的各国专家学者流露出钦佩与赞许的神色。几个星期后，这位中国学者毅然舍弃优越舒适的工作条件，携妻子从大洋彼岸归来，回到了故乡哈尔滨。和他一起归来的还有一台电子计算机和重达百公斤的外文资料。他叫李建中，今年51岁，现任哈尔滨工业大学科学与工程研究院院长、黑龙江大学副校长、中国数据库专业委员会副主任、博士生导师。 李建中1975年毕业于黑龙江大学数学系计算机软件专业，曾在清华大学和美国伯克利加利福尼亚大学学习。他多年致力于计算机科学的基础与应用研究，并率先在我国开展了科学与统计数据库、并行数据库的研究工作，填补了国内空白。他先后承担了20余项国家“863”计划及国家自然科学基金项目等的科研工作。他发表学术论文五十余篇，并十余次在有“数据库界的奥林匹克”之称的国际计算机学术会议上做报告，被美国同行戏称为“论文机器”。他是一个纯粹的学者，一个爱国的学者。他总是动情地说：“我这个人有一个无法改变的观念：国外的东西再好也是别人的，真有本事，就应该使自己的国家富强起来。一个科学家也好，一个普通人也好，绝不能缺乏对民族、对国家的大义。”这发自肺腑的心声已成为李建中的行为准则和立身之本，多年来，他也始终如一地以忘我的工作和辉煌的业绩实践着自己的诺言。）
( in Minnesota University at a cocktail party, the United States of America famous computer scientists and database expert Harry. Let stay over and over again a Chinese scholar:" Mr Li, please reconsider, stay!"" I've already done." Chinese scholars tone:" mildly firm scientists without borders, but I have a nationality." Calm and extremely elegant and valuable language, so that the presence of scholar of each country expert expressed admiration and praise. A few weeks later, the Chinese scholars resolutely abandon superior and comfortable working condition, and his wife returned from ocean the other shore, returned to the hometown of Harbin. And he returned with a computer and a weight of 100 kilograms of foreign materials. His name is Li, 51 years old this year, the science and Engineering Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Heilongjiang University, vice president, deputy director of the professional committee of China database, doctoral tutor. Li graduated from Heilongjiang University in 1975 Mathematics Department of computer software specialty in Tsinghua University, and American Berkeley University of California. He worked for years in the computer science 's basic and applied research, and the first in China to carry out scientific and statistical database, parallel database research work, to fill the domestic blank. He has undertaken more than 20 items of national" 863" program and the National Natural Science Foundation projects and scientific research work. He published more than 50 of academic papers, and more than 10 times in a" database of the Olympic community called" the international computer conference report, was the United States counterparts nicknamed" paper machine". He is a pure scholar, a patriotic scholar. He always said with emotion:" I have one cannot change: foreign thing again good as others, have ability really, should make their country rich and strong. A scientist or an ordinary person, or, can not lack of nation, on national interests." This from the bottom of our hearts have become of norms and conduct of the country, over the years, he also be consistent from beginning to end to the selfless work and brilliant performance practice with his promise. )
很显然的是：虽然我国改革开放三十几年取得了巨大成就，但教育体制弊病似乎才刚刚为人们所认识和重视。有报道称，中国内地(含香港) 留美学生获得博士后，留在美国的占很大比例。尽管不反对科技人才的自由选择，但如果我们的教育体制总是扮演一位辛勤为他人耕耘的园丁，我们的高等学府总是疲于为他国输送“初级人才”，我们的科技脚步靠什么迈得越来越快? 我们的学校教育又一次被提到了风口浪尖。
Obviously is: Although our country reforming and opening thirty years, gained huge success, but the education system maladies appears just as people what to know and take seriously. Reportedly, mainland China ( including Hongkong ) obtained postdoctoral students studying in the United States, in the United States accounted for a large proportion of. Although not against technology talented person 's freedom of choice, but if our educational system has always played a hard for others to cultivated gardener, our universities are always struggling for his country conveying" primary talent", our technological steps on what step faster? Our school education is again mentioned in the teeth of the storm.
4 学校教育是培养人才的有效、重要途径。
In 4 the school education is to cultivate talent effectively, important way.
教育改革、发展的“重点是面向全体学生、促进学生全面发展，着力提高学生服务国家服务人民的社会责任感、勇于探索的创新精神和善于解决问题的实践能力。努力培养造就数以亿计的高素质劳动者、数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才。”为此，国务院颁布了（2010－2020年）《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》和(2010-2020年) 《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要》。《人才规划》提出要突出培养造就创新型科技人才，是由这些人才在国家经济社会发展中的地位和作用决定的，是提高我国自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的迫切需要。为了解出本文的命题，我们有必要先理顺下面的两个关系：
Education reform, development of the" key is for all students, and promote all-round development of students, improve students serving national service people's sense of social responsibility, the courage to explore the spirit of innovation and problem solving ability of practice. Strive to cultivate hundreds of millions of high-quality workers, tens of millions of specialized personnel and a large number of top-notch innovative talents." For this, the State Council promulgated ( 20102020 years )" national medium and long-term educational reform and development plan ( 2010-2020 )" and" national medium and long-term talent development plan". " Talent" is
presented to highlight the planning of training innovative talents of science and technology, is composed of these talents in national economic and social development in the status and role of decision, is enhancing our capability of independent innovation, building an innovation-oriented country urgent need. In order to solve this proposition, we need to straighten out the following two relations:
4.1矛盾的普遍性与特殊性的关系
4.1 contradictory catholicity and particularity of the relationship
毛泽东主席说：“矛盾的普遍性和矛盾的特殊性的关系，就是矛盾的共性和个性的关系。其共性是矛盾存在于一切过程中，并贯串于一切过程的始终，矛盾即是运动，即是事物，即是过程，也即是思想。否认事物的矛盾就是否认了一切。这是共通的道理，古今中外，概莫能外。所以它是共性，是绝对性。然而这种共性，即包含于一切个性之中，无个性即无共性。假如除去一切个性，还有什么共性呢？因为矛盾的各个特殊，所以造成了个性。一切个性都是有条件地暂时地存在的，所以是相对的。”4
Mao Zedong chairman said:" the universality of contradiction and the particularity of contradiction is the contradiction of the relation, the commonness and individuality of relationship. Its general character is the contradiction exists in the whole process, and through all the process from beginning to end, contradiction is the movement of things, that is, is a process, that is thought of. Deny contradiction is to deny everything. This is common sense, at all times and in all countries, admit of no exception whatsoever. It is common, is absolute. However this commonality, which contains all the individuality, no personality is no common. If removed all personality, have nothing in common? Because of inconsistencies in the various special, as a result of the personality. All characters are conditionally temporarily exist, so is relative." 4
4.2学生发展的共性与个性的关系
4.2 students to develop the relationship between generality and individuality
关于矛盾问题的精髓是共性与个性的关系。共性决定学生发展的大方向；个性揭示不同学生之间发展的差异。形象地说：共性与个性，就是一组彩色笔，共性是书写绘画工具，都是笔，个性是不同的颜色。宏观上，基础教育的普及、教学质量的提高、教学整体结构的优化，应该符合社会经济文化的发展所提出的各种要求的普遍性；微观上，基础教育的普及、教学质量的提高、教学整体结构的优化，将直接影响到学生个体的发展状况被社会所认可的程度。 On the contradictory problem is the essence of the relationship between generality and individuality. Common student development; personality reveals distinct differences between the development of students. Figure ground says: generality and individuality, is a set of color pens, universals are writing and drawing tools, are pen, personality is a different color. Macroscopically, basic education, to improve the quality of teaching, teaching structure optimize, should accord with the development of social economy and culture the requirement of universality; microscopic, basic education, to improve the quality of teaching, the overall teaching structure optimization, will directly affect the students' individual development by the degree of social recognition.
有关钱老的这样一个故事5：钱学森1958年担任中国科学技术大学近代力学系主任时，近代力学系的学生毕业考试，钱学森出了一题“从地球上发射一枚火箭，绕过太阳，再返回到地球上来，请列出方程求出解”。时至中午无人答出，“还晕倒了几个学生”，他说：“先吃饭吧，回头接着考。”饭后学生们重返考场，时至傍晚，全班只有几个学生及格。一场考试表明学生数学基础不牢，钱老当时决定，全班推迟毕业，再学半年，主攻数学，打好数学基础。如今这个班里的很多学生成了院士，忆及当年，都觉得那半年获益匪浅。
The old money such a story 5: Tsien Hsueshen 1958 as University of Science & Technology China
Department of modern mechanics when the director, Department of modern mechanics students graduation exam, Tsien Hsueshen gave a" from the earth to launch a rocket, around the sun, and then return to earth, please list the equation solution". At noon one answer," also fainted several students", he said:" go ahead, go back and then test." After the students returned to the room, at evening class, only a few of the students passed. A test shows that students' mathematical foundation, old money then decided to postpone, the class graduated, then half a year, the main mathematical, lay a good foundation for mathematics. The number of students in this class became the academician, recalling that the first half of the year, feel the benefit.
因此，人才的培养问题关系到学生的共性与个性发展，需要注意如何掌握“度”的问题。即要突破传统教学中只重共性的教学观念，兼顾共性与个性；又要遵循一定的原则，做到科学合理地协调两者的关系。
Therefore, the cultivation of talents problem related to their commonness and individuality development, need to pay attention to how to grasp the" degree" of the problem. That is to break through the traditional teaching heavy common teaching concepts, both generality and individuality; to follow certain principle, accomplish science reasonable coordination of the relationship between the two.
5 从“战略发展”的角度看科技人才培养目标
5 from the" strategic" perspective of talent training goal
首先，我坚持认为：“育人目标”体现统治阶级的意志与社会发展的需求。我们来看这样一些事实：1949年以前，育人目标的主题应该是《国歌》第一句话“起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。”（建国初期还提出：使青年一代在智育、德育、体育、美育各方面获得全面发展，使之成为新民主主义社会自觉的积极的成员。）1949-1978前后，育人目标的主题是“成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。” 1978-2008前后，育人目标的主题是“培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。”（在此，略去了一些中间的讨论过程）从以上事实，我们能够看出：在近现代我们的育人目标体现了无产阶级的意志和社会发展的不同时期的需求。面对新的时代，育人目标的主题是否正在出现新的观点？比如：培养“优秀人才与拔尖人才”理解多元文化、科技创新能力。
First of all, I insist that:" the goal of educating people" reflects the will of the ruling class and the needs of social development. We see the fact: before 1949, the goal of educating people the topic should be" the National Anthem" first words" up, unwilling to be slaves." ( in the early founding of also presents: the young generation in the intellectual, moral, physical, aesthetic aspects to obtain the full scale development, to become the new democratic society consciously active members. ) The 1949-1978 around the goal of educating people, the theme is" become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers." The 1978-2008 around the goal of educating people, the theme is" to cultivate all-round development of socialist builders and successors." ( here, omitting some intermediate process discussion ) from the above facts, we can see that: in the modern our educational goal reflected the proletariat will and social development demand in different periods. The face of the new era, education is the theme of emerging new ideas? For example:" cultivating talents with the talent of" understanding of cultural diversity, ability of innovation of science and technology.
其次，对于当今应该如何发展“育人目标”的问题，我们需要从“有限阶段”到“全过程”的考虑。现在，当我们面对世界的科学文化迅猛发展的时代；信息技术的普及将世界的每一个角落都能够联系在一起的环境；还有世界的政治格局变迁、经济一体化的复杂局面影响等等因素；对教育都是“机遇和挑战并存”的。所以，需要我们“从战略发展的角度去看待、
确立教育的育人目标”。在“矛盾的普遍性与特殊性的关系”的指导下，注重“学生发展的共性与个性”的研究，充分考虑到国家的发展建设需要和人类社会的共同发展需要，来确立“育人目标”。
Secondly, the need to develop" the goal of educating people" problem, we need from the" limited stage" to" process" to consider. Now, when we face the world science and culture in the era of rapid development; the popularization of information technology to every corner of the world can be linked to the environment; and the political pattern of the world change, economic integration of the complicated situation influence factors; for education is" both opportunities and challenges.". Therefore, we need to" from the perspective of strategic development view, establish the education goal". In" the universality of contradiction and the particular relations" under the guidance of", pay attention to the development of students individuality and commonness of" research, give full consideration to the national development needs and human social development needs, to establish" the goal of educating people".
在此，我们把各个“有限阶段”的育人目标列表如下，以便于从“全过程”来看当今应该如何发展“育人目标”：
Here, we put all the" limited stage" educational target list is as follows, in order to" see the whole process from" how to develop" the goal of educating people":
阶段 育人目标的主题 累加效应！！！
Phase education theme cumulative effect!!!
1949年以前 “起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。” 唤起民众
Before 1949 " up, unwilling to be slaves." Arouse the masses of the people
1949-1978前后 “成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。” “起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。” 成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。
1949-1978 before and after " into a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers." " up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers.
1978-2008前后 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人 “起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。” 成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人
1978-2008 before and after foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors " up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers. Foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors
面对新的时代 培养能够理解多元文化、具有科技创新能力的“优秀人才与拔尖人才” “起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。” 成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。培养能够理解多元文化、具有科技创新能力的“优秀人才与拔尖人才”
The face of the new era culture capable of understanding of cultural diversity, with ability of innovation of science and technology" talents and talents" " up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers. Foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors. Culture can understand multiculturalism, has the innovation ability of science and technology talents and talents""
我个人认为：现在应该从“战略发展”的角度看科技教育的育人目标，在注重个性发展的同时，不要忽视共性的要求；时代需求的同时，还要累加历史的沉积。切莫忘记列强带给中华的耻辱；不需要再用“六国论”来重复“非兵不利、战不善”；否则的话，列强的战舰就会离我们越来越近。说的再明确一些，就是科学技术创新的“帅才”首先是“不愿作奴隶的人”。
I personally think: should now from the" strategic" perspective of science and technology education educational goal, focus on personality development at the same time, do not ignore the common requirements; the requirements of the times at the same time, but also accumulated historical deposition. Don't forget the powers to the stigma; do not need reoccupy" the theory" to repeat" a soldier, not adverse battle"; otherwise, the powers of battleship will be closer to us. Speak more clearly, it is science and technology innovation of the" true" is first" did not want to be enslaved people".
6 结论
6 Conclusion
综上所述，我们很清楚的看到科技人才的培养目标应该是：我们需要培养青少年一代成为：“起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。”成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。培养能够理解多元文化、具有科技创新能力的“优秀人才与拔尖人才”。这样的科技人才，才能够担负起中华民族的繁荣昌盛的大任。
To sum up, we can clearly see the scientific and technological personnel training goal should be: we need to cultivate the young generation to become:" up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers. Foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors. Culture can understand multiculturalism, has the innovation ability of science and technology talents and talents"". Such science and technology talent, can assume the Chinese nation's thriving and prosperous.
最后，我们再回到文章的开头：人类社会的共同发展、中华民族的繁荣昌盛，都离不开高素质的人才。我个人认为：“科学无国界”体现了人类社会的共同发展；“人才有国籍”会关系到中华民族的繁荣昌盛。望世人共思之！以上内容就算是一家之谈吧，请大家指正。
Finally, we go back to the beginning of the article: the common development of mankind, the Chinese nation's thriving and prosperous, is inseparable from the high quality talent. I personally think:" science without borders" embodies the common development of mankind;" talent nationality" will matter to the Chinese nation 's thriving and prosperous. At the thought of in all the world! The above content even if a talk, please correct me.
2011-7-6
2011-7-6
参考文献
Reference
（1）罗利建《答钱学森之问--大师是怎样炼成的》http://www.bookuu.com/kgsm/ts/2010/12/23/1888535.shtml
( 1 ) Rowley built" a. Tsien Hsueshen asked: master how to" http: / / www.bookuu.com / KGSM / TS / 2010 / 12 / 23 / 1888535.shtml
（2）国家中长期人才发展规划纲要(2010-2020年) http://news.163.com/10/0606/21/68HCARRM000146BD.html
( 2 ) the national long-term talent development plan ( 2010-2020 ) : http: / / news.163.com / 10 / 0606 / 21 / 68HCARRM000146BD.html
（3）记哈工大科学与工程研究院李建中http://www.hljnews.cn/xw_jryw/system/2002/02/23/000246646.shtml
( 3 ) note of Harbin University of science and Engineering Research Institute of http: / / www.hljnews.cn / xw_jryw / system / 2002 / 02 / 23 / 000246646.shtml
（4）毛泽东《矛盾论》
( 4 ) Mao Zedong" on Contradiction"
（5）钱学森的人才忧思：专访钱老学术助手涂元季http://news.qq.com/a/20091102/001964.htm ( 5 ) Tsien Hsueshen's talent is money: Interview with old academic assistant Tu yuan season http: / / news.qq.com / A / 20091102 / 001964.htm
科学无国界, 人才有国籍!
—从“战略发展”的角度看科技人才培养目标
Scientists without borders, talents have the
nationality!
- from" strategic" perspective of talent training
goal
姜莅营
Jiang Liying
(天津市 300074 ,天津市实验中学)
( Tianjin city 300074, Tianjin City Experimental Middle School )
摘要: 人类社会的共同发展、中华民族的繁荣昌盛，都离不开高素质的人才。“科学无国界”体现了人类社会的共同发展；“人才有国籍”会关系到中华民族的繁荣昌盛。现在应该从“战略发展”的角度看科技人才培养的育人目标，在注重个性发展的同时，不要忽视共性的要求；时代需求的同时，还要累加历史的沉积。我们需要培养青少年一代成为：“起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。”成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。培养能够理解多元文化、具有科技创新能力的“优秀人才与拔尖人才” 。
Abstract: the common development of mankind, the Chinese nation's thriving and prosperous, is inseparable from the high quality talent. " Science without borders" embodies the common development of mankind;" talent nationality" will matter to the Chinese nation 's thriving and prosperous. It should be from the" strategic" perspective of talent training goal of educating people, focus on personality development at the same time, do not ignore the common requirements; the requirements of the times at the same time, but also accumulated historical deposition. We need to cultivate the young generation to become:" up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers. Foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors. Culture can understand multiculturalism, has the innovation ability of science and technology "talents and talents".
关键词: 科技创新；战略发展；人才培养
Key words: technology innovation; development strategy; personnel training 1
1 概述 1作者简介:姜莅营，男，理学学士，中学高级教师。从事科学普及教育工作27年；中国青少年科技辅导员协会会员；中国科协科普志愿者。曾经获得全国优秀辅导员奖和首届“津门科技传播之星”称号。P050200005M 、[1**********]、[email protected]。
1 Overview
人类社会的共同发展、中华民族的繁荣昌盛，都离不开高素质的人才。“人才是指具有一定的专业知识或专门技能，进行创造性劳动并对社会做出贡献的人，是人力资源中能力和素质较高的劳动者。”因此，学校的育人目标就关系到：“培养什么样的人和怎样培养人”这一重要、关键的问题。特别是在科学文化迅猛发展的今天，在信息化世界面前，在全球政治、经济紧密联系的现实中，都要求我们从战略发展的角度去看待、确立教育的育人目标。
The common development of mankind, the Chinese nation's thriving and prosperous, is inseparable from the high quality talent. " The talent is to point to have certain professional knowledge or skill, work creatively and make contribution to the society of man, is the human resources ability and high quality workers." Therefore, the school education concerns:" what kind of students and how to cultivate people" this important, key problems. Especially in science and culture is developing rapidly nowadays, in the information world, in global politics, economy closely to the reality, we should develop from a strategic perspective, establish the education goal. 2 培养造就创新型科技人才的战略意义
2 training innovative talents of science and technology strategic significance
创新型科技人才是新知识的创造者、新技术的发明者、新学科的创建者、新产业的开拓者，是国家竞争力的决定性因素。国人皆知，“钱学森之问”。那么，在钱学森这位科学巨擘眼中，什么样的人才算得上“杰出人才”呢？跟随钱老26年之久的秘书兼学术助手、年届七旬的涂元季1先生说：“他心目中的杰出人才要比一般的专家、院士高出一大截，用他的话说叫科技帅才。尽管他没说过，但我觉得他所说的杰出人才其实就是像他一样，能带领大家把导弹搞出来的人。他的基本观点是，我们的学科专业不能分得太细。按钱老的标准，这样的杰出人才不仅要在国内某一领域位居前沿，而且要在全球科技领域让人一提到就竖起大拇指；不仅个人要具备拔尖的学术水平，还要有本事团结一大批人，统领一大批专家攻克重大的科技难关。”
Technology innovation talents is the new knowledge of the creator, new technology inventor, creator, the new discipline of new industry pioneer, is the critical factor of national competition ability. People knows," Tsien Hsueshen asked". Then, in Tsien Hsueshen the scientific giant eyes, what kind of talent as the" outstanding talent"? Follow the money the old 26 years secretary and assistant, academic year 70 Tu yuan Season 1 said:" the eyes of his outstanding talent than most of the experts, academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences a big slice, in his words, called the science attitudes. Although he didn't say, but I think he said talents is actually like him, can lead us to get out of the missile. His is the fundamental point of view, our discipline not spread too thin. According to money the old standards, such outstanding talents need not only in the domestic one field at the forefront, but also in the global science and technology field lets a person referred to as thumbs up; not only the individual should have excellent academic level, but also has the ability to unite a large number of people, and a large number of experts to capture major scientific and technological problems."
2010年6月，《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要（2010－2020年）》2正式颁布，这是新中国成立以来第一个中长期人才发展规划。提出了我国到2020年的人才发展总体目标、指导方针、战略部署和重点任务，确立了人才优先发展的新理念，并对体制机制创新、重大政策和人才工程进行了系统设计。《人才规划》是在国家国民经济与社会发展总体规划框架下，与科技、教育等国家若干领域发展规划相并列的专项规划，是实施人才强国战略的总体规划，是我国今后一个时期人才发展的纲领性文件。《人才规划》强调要突出培养造就创新型科技人才，进一步明确了创新型科技人才队伍建设的重要意义和科技人才工作的重点任务。我们
也看到，在国人期待诺奖的背后，不乏对现有教育体制的质疑。
2010 June," national medium and long-term talent development plan ( 2010 - 2020 )" 2 officially promulgated, it is since the founding of new China the first term talent development planning. Put forward our country to 2020 talent development overall objectives, guidelines, strategic plan and the key task, established a talent to give priority to the development of new ideas, and the system mechanism innovation, policy and talent engineering system design. " Talent" is planning in national economy and social development overall planning framework, and science and technology, education and other countries several areas of development planning of special planning, is to implement strategy of talent powerful nation of overall planning, China is in a period of talent development of the programmatic document. " Talent planning" stressed the need to highlight the cultivation of innovative talents, to further clarify the innovative scientific and technological talent team construction and the important significance of the work of science and technology talents key task. We also see, in people look forward to the prize is behind, to the current educational system question.
3 国际人才竞争表现为一个国家的人才获得和另一国家的人才流失。
3 international competition for talent shows as a national talent acquisition and another country's brain drain.
有这样一篇文章讲述了这样的一个故事，使我深感敬佩，因此，我全文拷贝：3
This article describes such a story, so I deeply respect, therefore, I full text copies: 3
（在明尼苏打大学的一次鸡尾酒会上，美国著名计算机科学家和数据库专家哈瑞. 让再三挽留一位中国学者：“李先生，请你再考虑考虑，留下来! ”“我已经考虑好了。”中国学者语气婉转而坚定：“科学无国界，但我有国籍。”平静而掷地有声的语言，令在场的各国专家学者流露出钦佩与赞许的神色。几个星期后，这位中国学者毅然舍弃优越舒适的工作条件，携妻子从大洋彼岸归来，回到了故乡哈尔滨。和他一起归来的还有一台电子计算机和重达百公斤的外文资料。他叫李建中，今年51岁，现任哈尔滨工业大学科学与工程研究院院长、黑龙江大学副校长、中国数据库专业委员会副主任、博士生导师。 李建中1975年毕业于黑龙江大学数学系计算机软件专业，曾在清华大学和美国伯克利加利福尼亚大学学习。他多年致力于计算机科学的基础与应用研究，并率先在我国开展了科学与统计数据库、并行数据库的研究工作，填补了国内空白。他先后承担了20余项国家“863”计划及国家自然科学基金项目等的科研工作。他发表学术论文五十余篇，并十余次在有“数据库界的奥林匹克”之称的国际计算机学术会议上做报告，被美国同行戏称为“论文机器”。他是一个纯粹的学者，一个爱国的学者。他总是动情地说：“我这个人有一个无法改变的观念：国外的东西再好也是别人的，真有本事，就应该使自己的国家富强起来。一个科学家也好，一个普通人也好，绝不能缺乏对民族、对国家的大义。”这发自肺腑的心声已成为李建中的行为准则和立身之本，多年来，他也始终如一地以忘我的工作和辉煌的业绩实践着自己的诺言。）
( in Minnesota University at a cocktail party, the United States of America famous computer scientists and database expert Harry. Let stay over and over again a Chinese scholar:" Mr Li, please reconsider, stay!"" I've already done." Chinese scholars tone:" mildly firm scientists without borders, but I have a nationality." Calm and extremely elegant and valuable language, so that the presence of scholar of each country expert expressed admiration and praise. A few weeks later, the Chinese scholars resolutely abandon superior and comfortable working condition, and his wife returned from ocean the other shore, returned to the hometown of Harbin. And he returned with a computer and a weight of 100 kilograms of foreign materials. His name is Li, 51 years old this year, the science and Engineering Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Heilongjiang University, vice president, deputy director of the professional committee of China database, doctoral tutor. Li graduated from Heilongjiang University in 1975 Mathematics Department of computer software specialty in Tsinghua University, and American Berkeley University of California. He worked for years in the computer science 's basic and applied research, and the first in China to carry out scientific and statistical database, parallel database research work, to fill the domestic blank. He has undertaken more than 20 items of national" 863" program and the National Natural Science Foundation projects and scientific research work. He published more than 50 of academic papers, and more than 10 times in a" database of the Olympic community called" the international computer conference report, was the United States counterparts nicknamed" paper machine". He is a pure scholar, a patriotic scholar. He always said with emotion:" I have one cannot change: foreign thing again good as others, have ability really, should make their country rich and strong. A scientist or an ordinary person, or, can not lack of nation, on national interests." This from the bottom of our hearts have become of norms and conduct of the country, over the years, he also be consistent from beginning to end to the selfless work and brilliant performance practice with his promise. )
很显然的是：虽然我国改革开放三十几年取得了巨大成就，但教育体制弊病似乎才刚刚为人们所认识和重视。有报道称，中国内地(含香港) 留美学生获得博士后，留在美国的占很大比例。尽管不反对科技人才的自由选择，但如果我们的教育体制总是扮演一位辛勤为他人耕耘的园丁，我们的高等学府总是疲于为他国输送“初级人才”，我们的科技脚步靠什么迈得越来越快? 我们的学校教育又一次被提到了风口浪尖。
Obviously is: Although our country reforming and opening thirty years, gained huge success, but the education system maladies appears just as people what to know and take seriously. Reportedly, mainland China ( including Hongkong ) obtained postdoctoral students studying in the United States, in the United States accounted for a large proportion of. Although not against technology talented person 's freedom of choice, but if our educational system has always played a hard for others to cultivated gardener, our universities are always struggling for his country conveying" primary talent", our technological steps on what step faster? Our school education is again mentioned in the teeth of the storm.
4 学校教育是培养人才的有效、重要途径。
In 4 the school education is to cultivate talent effectively, important way.
教育改革、发展的“重点是面向全体学生、促进学生全面发展，着力提高学生服务国家服务人民的社会责任感、勇于探索的创新精神和善于解决问题的实践能力。努力培养造就数以亿计的高素质劳动者、数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才。”为此，国务院颁布了（2010－2020年）《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》和(2010-2020年) 《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要》。《人才规划》提出要突出培养造就创新型科技人才，是由这些人才在国家经济社会发展中的地位和作用决定的，是提高我国自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的迫切需要。为了解出本文的命题，我们有必要先理顺下面的两个关系：
Education reform, development of the" key is for all students, and promote all-round development of students, improve students serving national service people's sense of social responsibility, the courage to explore the spirit of innovation and problem solving ability of practice. Strive to cultivate hundreds of millions of high-quality workers, tens of millions of specialized personnel and a large number of top-notch innovative talents." For this, the State Council promulgated ( 20102020 years )" national medium and long-term educational reform and development plan ( 2010-2020 )" and" national medium and long-term talent development plan". " Talent" is
presented to highlight the planning of training innovative talents of science and technology, is composed of these talents in national economic and social development in the status and role of decision, is enhancing our capability of independent innovation, building an innovation-oriented country urgent need. In order to solve this proposition, we need to straighten out the following two relations:
4.1矛盾的普遍性与特殊性的关系
4.1 contradictory catholicity and particularity of the relationship
毛泽东主席说：“矛盾的普遍性和矛盾的特殊性的关系，就是矛盾的共性和个性的关系。其共性是矛盾存在于一切过程中，并贯串于一切过程的始终，矛盾即是运动，即是事物，即是过程，也即是思想。否认事物的矛盾就是否认了一切。这是共通的道理，古今中外，概莫能外。所以它是共性，是绝对性。然而这种共性，即包含于一切个性之中，无个性即无共性。假如除去一切个性，还有什么共性呢？因为矛盾的各个特殊，所以造成了个性。一切个性都是有条件地暂时地存在的，所以是相对的。”4
Mao Zedong chairman said:" the universality of contradiction and the particularity of contradiction is the contradiction of the relation, the commonness and individuality of relationship. Its general character is the contradiction exists in the whole process, and through all the process from beginning to end, contradiction is the movement of things, that is, is a process, that is thought of. Deny contradiction is to deny everything. This is common sense, at all times and in all countries, admit of no exception whatsoever. It is common, is absolute. However this commonality, which contains all the individuality, no personality is no common. If removed all personality, have nothing in common? Because of inconsistencies in the various special, as a result of the personality. All characters are conditionally temporarily exist, so is relative." 4
4.2学生发展的共性与个性的关系
4.2 students to develop the relationship between generality and individuality
关于矛盾问题的精髓是共性与个性的关系。共性决定学生发展的大方向；个性揭示不同学生之间发展的差异。形象地说：共性与个性，就是一组彩色笔，共性是书写绘画工具，都是笔，个性是不同的颜色。宏观上，基础教育的普及、教学质量的提高、教学整体结构的优化，应该符合社会经济文化的发展所提出的各种要求的普遍性；微观上，基础教育的普及、教学质量的提高、教学整体结构的优化，将直接影响到学生个体的发展状况被社会所认可的程度。 On the contradictory problem is the essence of the relationship between generality and individuality. Common student development; personality reveals distinct differences between the development of students. Figure ground says: generality and individuality, is a set of color pens, universals are writing and drawing tools, are pen, personality is a different color. Macroscopically, basic education, to improve the quality of teaching, teaching structure optimize, should accord with the development of social economy and culture the requirement of universality; microscopic, basic education, to improve the quality of teaching, the overall teaching structure optimization, will directly affect the students' individual development by the degree of social recognition.
有关钱老的这样一个故事5：钱学森1958年担任中国科学技术大学近代力学系主任时，近代力学系的学生毕业考试，钱学森出了一题“从地球上发射一枚火箭，绕过太阳，再返回到地球上来，请列出方程求出解”。时至中午无人答出，“还晕倒了几个学生”，他说：“先吃饭吧，回头接着考。”饭后学生们重返考场，时至傍晚，全班只有几个学生及格。一场考试表明学生数学基础不牢，钱老当时决定，全班推迟毕业，再学半年，主攻数学，打好数学基础。如今这个班里的很多学生成了院士，忆及当年，都觉得那半年获益匪浅。
The old money such a story 5: Tsien Hsueshen 1958 as University of Science & Technology China
Department of modern mechanics when the director, Department of modern mechanics students graduation exam, Tsien Hsueshen gave a" from the earth to launch a rocket, around the sun, and then return to earth, please list the equation solution". At noon one answer," also fainted several students", he said:" go ahead, go back and then test." After the students returned to the room, at evening class, only a few of the students passed. A test shows that students' mathematical foundation, old money then decided to postpone, the class graduated, then half a year, the main mathematical, lay a good foundation for mathematics. The number of students in this class became the academician, recalling that the first half of the year, feel the benefit.
因此，人才的培养问题关系到学生的共性与个性发展，需要注意如何掌握“度”的问题。即要突破传统教学中只重共性的教学观念，兼顾共性与个性；又要遵循一定的原则，做到科学合理地协调两者的关系。
Therefore, the cultivation of talents problem related to their commonness and individuality development, need to pay attention to how to grasp the" degree" of the problem. That is to break through the traditional teaching heavy common teaching concepts, both generality and individuality; to follow certain principle, accomplish science reasonable coordination of the relationship between the two.
5 从“战略发展”的角度看科技人才培养目标
5 from the" strategic" perspective of talent training goal
首先，我坚持认为：“育人目标”体现统治阶级的意志与社会发展的需求。我们来看这样一些事实：1949年以前，育人目标的主题应该是《国歌》第一句话“起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。”（建国初期还提出：使青年一代在智育、德育、体育、美育各方面获得全面发展，使之成为新民主主义社会自觉的积极的成员。）1949-1978前后，育人目标的主题是“成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。” 1978-2008前后，育人目标的主题是“培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。”（在此，略去了一些中间的讨论过程）从以上事实，我们能够看出：在近现代我们的育人目标体现了无产阶级的意志和社会发展的不同时期的需求。面对新的时代，育人目标的主题是否正在出现新的观点？比如：培养“优秀人才与拔尖人才”理解多元文化、科技创新能力。
First of all, I insist that:" the goal of educating people" reflects the will of the ruling class and the needs of social development. We see the fact: before 1949, the goal of educating people the topic should be" the National Anthem" first words" up, unwilling to be slaves." ( in the early founding of also presents: the young generation in the intellectual, moral, physical, aesthetic aspects to obtain the full scale development, to become the new democratic society consciously active members. ) The 1949-1978 around the goal of educating people, the theme is" become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers." The 1978-2008 around the goal of educating people, the theme is" to cultivate all-round development of socialist builders and successors." ( here, omitting some intermediate process discussion ) from the above facts, we can see that: in the modern our educational goal reflected the proletariat will and social development demand in different periods. The face of the new era, education is the theme of emerging new ideas? For example:" cultivating talents with the talent of" understanding of cultural diversity, ability of innovation of science and technology.
其次，对于当今应该如何发展“育人目标”的问题，我们需要从“有限阶段”到“全过程”的考虑。现在，当我们面对世界的科学文化迅猛发展的时代；信息技术的普及将世界的每一个角落都能够联系在一起的环境；还有世界的政治格局变迁、经济一体化的复杂局面影响等等因素；对教育都是“机遇和挑战并存”的。所以，需要我们“从战略发展的角度去看待、
确立教育的育人目标”。在“矛盾的普遍性与特殊性的关系”的指导下，注重“学生发展的共性与个性”的研究，充分考虑到国家的发展建设需要和人类社会的共同发展需要，来确立“育人目标”。
Secondly, the need to develop" the goal of educating people" problem, we need from the" limited stage" to" process" to consider. Now, when we face the world science and culture in the era of rapid development; the popularization of information technology to every corner of the world can be linked to the environment; and the political pattern of the world change, economic integration of the complicated situation influence factors; for education is" both opportunities and challenges.". Therefore, we need to" from the perspective of strategic development view, establish the education goal". In" the universality of contradiction and the particular relations" under the guidance of", pay attention to the development of students individuality and commonness of" research, give full consideration to the national development needs and human social development needs, to establish" the goal of educating people".
在此，我们把各个“有限阶段”的育人目标列表如下，以便于从“全过程”来看当今应该如何发展“育人目标”：
Here, we put all the" limited stage" educational target list is as follows, in order to" see the whole process from" how to develop" the goal of educating people":
阶段 育人目标的主题 累加效应！！！
Phase education theme cumulative effect!!!
1949年以前 “起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。” 唤起民众
Before 1949 " up, unwilling to be slaves." Arouse the masses of the people
1949-1978前后 “成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。” “起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。” 成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。
1949-1978 before and after " into a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers." " up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers.
1978-2008前后 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人 “起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。” 成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人
1978-2008 before and after foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors " up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers. Foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors
面对新的时代 培养能够理解多元文化、具有科技创新能力的“优秀人才与拔尖人才” “起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。” 成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。培养能够理解多元文化、具有科技创新能力的“优秀人才与拔尖人才”
The face of the new era culture capable of understanding of cultural diversity, with ability of innovation of science and technology" talents and talents" " up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers. Foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors. Culture can understand multiculturalism, has the innovation ability of science and technology talents and talents""
我个人认为：现在应该从“战略发展”的角度看科技教育的育人目标，在注重个性发展的同时，不要忽视共性的要求；时代需求的同时，还要累加历史的沉积。切莫忘记列强带给中华的耻辱；不需要再用“六国论”来重复“非兵不利、战不善”；否则的话，列强的战舰就会离我们越来越近。说的再明确一些，就是科学技术创新的“帅才”首先是“不愿作奴隶的人”。
I personally think: should now from the" strategic" perspective of science and technology education educational goal, focus on personality development at the same time, do not ignore the common requirements; the requirements of the times at the same time, but also accumulated historical deposition. Don't forget the powers to the stigma; do not need reoccupy" the theory" to repeat" a soldier, not adverse battle"; otherwise, the powers of battleship will be closer to us. Speak more clearly, it is science and technology innovation of the" true" is first" did not want to be enslaved people".
6 结论
6 Conclusion
综上所述，我们很清楚的看到科技人才的培养目标应该是：我们需要培养青少年一代成为：“起来，不愿作奴隶的人们。”成为有社会主义觉悟的、有文化的劳动者。培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。培养能够理解多元文化、具有科技创新能力的“优秀人才与拔尖人才”。这样的科技人才，才能够担负起中华民族的繁荣昌盛的大任。
To sum up, we can clearly see the scientific and technological personnel training goal should be: we need to cultivate the young generation to become:" up, unwilling to be slaves." Become a socialist consciousness and culture of the workers. Foster all-round development of socialist builders and successors. Culture can understand multiculturalism, has the innovation ability of science and technology talents and talents"". Such science and technology talent, can assume the Chinese nation's thriving and prosperous.
最后，我们再回到文章的开头：人类社会的共同发展、中华民族的繁荣昌盛，都离不开高素质的人才。我个人认为：“科学无国界”体现了人类社会的共同发展；“人才有国籍”会关系到中华民族的繁荣昌盛。望世人共思之！以上内容就算是一家之谈吧，请大家指正。
Finally, we go back to the beginning of the article: the common development of mankind, the Chinese nation's thriving and prosperous, is inseparable from the high quality talent. I personally think:" science without borders" embodies the common development of mankind;" talent nationality" will matter to the Chinese nation 's thriving and prosperous. At the thought of in all the world! The above content even if a talk, please correct me.
2011-7-6
2011-7-6
参考文献
Reference
（1）罗利建《答钱学森之问--大师是怎样炼成的》http://www.bookuu.com/kgsm/ts/2010/12/23/1888535.shtml
( 1 ) Rowley built" a. Tsien Hsueshen asked: master how to" http: / / www.bookuu.com / KGSM / TS / 2010 / 12 / 23 / 1888535.shtml
（2）国家中长期人才发展规划纲要(2010-2020年) http://news.163.com/10/0606/21/68HCARRM000146BD.html
( 2 ) the national long-term talent development plan ( 2010-2020 ) : http: / / news.163.com / 10 / 0606 / 21 / 68HCARRM000146BD.html
（3）记哈工大科学与工程研究院李建中http://www.hljnews.cn/xw_jryw/system/2002/02/23/000246646.shtml
( 3 ) note of Harbin University of science and Engineering Research Institute of http: / / www.hljnews.cn / xw_jryw / system / 2002 / 02 / 23 / 000246646.shtml
（4）毛泽东《矛盾论》
( 4 ) Mao Zedong" on Contradiction"
（5）钱学森的人才忧思：专访钱老学术助手涂元季http://news.qq.com/a/20091102/001964.htm ( 5 ) Tsien Hsueshen's talent is money: Interview with old academic assistant Tu yuan season http: / / news.qq.com / A / 20091102 / 001964.htm