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Module 1 重点与剖析 一、单词剖析 1.fit adj.健康的,结实的;合适的;v.合身;适合 e.g.Do you feel fit?感觉健康吗? e.g.He runs to keep fit.为保持健康,他经常跑步。 e.g.This food is not fit for your visitors.这食物不适合你的客人。 e.g.After the interview,the employer concluded that she was not fit for the job.面试后老板下结 论说她不能胜任这项工作。 e.g.The water is not fit to drink.这水不宜饮用。 e.g.The new sports shoes don’t fit (him) well.新的运动鞋(他穿)不合脚。 【易混辨析】 fit 和 suit fit 指在衣服、帽子、鞋等方面在尺寸和形状方面的适合; suit 指打扮或颜色方面的适合。 【词组拓展】 keep fit 保健 (be)fit for sth.适合于…… (be) fit to do sth.适合做某事 (sth.) fit sb.……适合某人(穿) 2.head n.头,头部;人;个人;v.(使)朝……方向前进 举一反三 headache 头痛 headquarters 总部 e.g.It cost a head $5 to eat there.到那里吃饭每人须付五美元。 e.g.Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.宁为鸡口,毋为牛后。 e.g.She headed straight toward home after school.放学后,她径直朝家里走去。 e.g.The fisherman tried to head his ship toward the south.渔夫设法使船朝南航行。 e.g.The bus headed the line of cars.公共汽车开在一列小汽车的前头。 【词组拓展】 head toward/for……朝某个方向或某地运动、行进 at the head of 居……首位 keep one’s head 保持冷静 lose one’s head 失去理智 head off 阻止,拦截 head on 迎面地 3.eye vt.注视,观看 举一反三 eyeball 眼球 eyebrow 眉毛 e.g.He couldn’t help eyeing the cakes hungrily.他急不可耐地盯着蛋糕。 e.g.They eyed us with alarm.他们警觉地注视着我们。 e.g.They were eyeing us jealously.他们嫉妒地看着我们。 【要点掌握】 eye 不但能作动词,它还可以作名词,请同学们注意它的不同含义。 指身体的部位,意为“眼睛”。 e.g.There were tears in his eyes.他眼里噙着泪水。 视力,眼力 e.g.A surgeon needs a good eye and a steady hand.做外科医生眼要准,手要稳。
眼光;视角 e.g.He looked at the design with the eye of an engineer.他以工程师的眼光审视这个设计。 e.g.She can do no wrong in his eyes.在他眼里她是完美无缺的。 鉴赏力;判断力 He has an eye for pictures.他对画有鉴赏力。 【词组拓展】 catch one’s eye 引人注目 keep an eye on 留意看;照顾 4.anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的;渴望的 举一反三 nervous 不安的 desired 渴望的 e.g.He spent an anxious nig
ht waiting for the test results.他因等待测试结果而度过一个焦虑 不安的夜晚。 【要点掌握】 be anxious about/for 忧虑,担心;害怕(结果) ;渴望有(得到)…… e.g.There is no reason to be anxious about the result.不必为结果担心。 e.g.We are all anxious for his safety.我们都为他的安全而忧虑。 be anxious to do sth.急切想做某事 e.g.He was anxious to meet you.他急切地想与你见面。 e.g.People all over the world were anxious to have peace.全世界的人们都渴望和平。 be anxious that clause e.g.We are anxious that he (should) do his bit.我们渴望他能尽自己的本分。 5.crazy adj.疯狂的,狂热的,着迷的 举一反三 insane 疯狂的 mad 着迷的 e.g.They were running around like crazy.他们拼命地跑着。 e.g.He’s crazy to drive his car so fast.他把车开得这样快,真是疯了。 e.g.He must be crazy to lend her money.他把钱借给她,一定是疯了。 【要点掌握】 be crazy about 对……着迷 e.g.She’s crazy about dancing.她热衷于跳舞。 be crazy for sth.渴望某物 e.g.Most young people are crazy for chances to go abroad for further study.多数年轻人都渴望 有机会出国进修。 6.injure vt.伤害;损害;伤感情 举一反三 injury 伤害 injurious 有害的 e.g.She injured herself badly in an accident during the work.她在一次工伤事故中受了伤。 e.g.There were two people injured in the car accident.车祸中有两个人受了伤。 e.g.The shop assistant’s words injured the man’s pride.店员的话伤了那个人的自尊。 【易混辨析】hurt,injure,harm,damage 和 wound hurt 是普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上或感情上的伤害。 e.g.The driver hurt himself badly in the accident.那位司机在那次事故中伤得很重。 injure 比 hurt 正式些,hurt 多指伤痛,而 injure 则指损害健康、成就和容貌等,强调功能的损失。
e.g.A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。 harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便,还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指 那些不道德的事情。 e.g.Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。 e.g.Failure to pay his bills has harmed his credit.无法付账会对他的信用带来损害。 damage 主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、 用途和外观等所造成的损失,这种损失或因自然 灾害所致,或因人为造成。 e.g.He damaged my car with a stone.他用石头砸坏了我的汽车。 e.g.The scandal seriously damaged the senator’s reputation.那丑闻严重损害了参议员的名声。 wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,特指战场上受伤,它可以指肉体上的伤害,也可指
人们 精神上的创伤。 e.g.The bullet wounded his arm.子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。 二、词组剖析 1.at (the) least 至少 e.g.It’ll take a year,at the very least. 这至少需要一年的时间。 e.g.It’ll cost at least 5000 yuan. 这东西至少需要 5000 元。 e.g.She must be at least 40. 她至少应该 40 岁了。 e.g.Cut the grass at least once a week in summer.夏天每周至少割草一次。 e.g.I’ve known her at least as long as you have.我认识她至少和你认识她的时间一样长。 【联想词组】 at (the) most 至多 at (the) latest 最迟 at (the) best 最好,充其量也不过 2.think of 想起,想出;考虑 e.g.We are thinking of going to France.我们正考虑去法国。 e.g.Young people think much of the pop star Zhou Jielun.年轻人对流行歌手周杰伦想得很多。 e.g.What do you think of my singing?你觉得我的歌唱得怎么样? e.g.I can’t think of his name at the moment.我一时想不起他的名字。 e.g.Can you think of any explanation for his frequent absence from work?你能为他的经常旷 工作出解释吗? 【联想词组】 think about 考虑 think much of 高度评价 think over 考虑 think aloud 自言自语 think up 想出;发明;捏造,虚构 think little of 对某人看法不好 3.keep……away (from)避开;使不靠近 e.g.Keep away from the edge of the cliff.切莫靠近悬崖边。 e.g.Her illness kept her away from work for several weeks.她病得好几周都上不了班。 【联想词组】 keep up 保持;维持 keep off 使离开;不接近 keep up with 不落在后面 keep out 不使入内;使留在外面 keep on 继续 4.make sure 确保,确定 e.g.Make sure to wake me up at 4 o’clock tomorrow.记着明天早上 4 点叫醒我。 e.g.Make sure that you can get a ticket for Liu Huan’s solo show.你要确保弄到一张刘欢的个 人演唱会的门票。
e.g.Make sure he writes it down.让他一定记下来。 【要点掌握】 make sure of sth. e.g.They scored another goal and made sure of victory.他们又进了一个球,这就赢定了。 make sure to do sth. e.g.Could you make sure to look after this little baby.你确信会照看这个小宝贝吗? make sure that clause e.g.She looked around to make sure that she was alone. 她往四周看看,以确定只有她一个人。 e.g.Make sure that no one finds out about this.绝对不要让任何人发现这件事。 【联想词组】 for sure 无疑;肯定 to be sure 的确;确实 5.be connected with 与……有关系;与……有亲戚关系 e.g.He is connected with the Smiths.他与史密斯家有亲戚关系。 e.g.The driver is connected with the traffic accident.这位司机与那起交通事故有关系。 【联想词组】 connect……with…… 把……(与
……)连接 6.lie down 躺下 e.g.He lay down utterly exhausted.他筋疲力尽地躺下。 e.g.The professor lay down for a rest after the lecture.教授做完讲座后躺下休息了一会儿。 【联想词组】 lie back 向后倚靠 lie in (问题)在 lie about 零零散散;游手好闲 于 7.put……into……将……投入…… e.g.She put small change into her purse. 她把零钱放进钱包。 e.g.Some astronauts were put into space.几名宇航员被送上太空。 e.g.We should put what we have learned into practice.我们应该学以致用。 e.g.He’s put all his savings into buying that house.他把他所有的积蓄都用来买那所房子了。 【联想词组】 put……on…… 把……放在上面 put in 插入;放进 put……in…… 把……放在里面 put off 延期,拖延(与人)见面的时间 put aside 搁置一旁 put on 穿上(动作) put away 处理;收拾 put through 把(细绳等)穿过;完成 put back 放回;送回 put together 组合;整理;合计 put down 放下;使(乘客等)下(车) put up 举起;挂起;建造 put forward 向前移;建议 put out 扑灭(火) 三、句子剖析 1.When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on,she eyed him anxiously. 周凯的妈妈看见他没穿上衣就朝门外走去时,她焦急地注视着他。 【要点剖析】 (1) “saw……heading”,在这个句子中的意思为“看到……向……走”,它包含了“see sb.doing”结构, 其意思为“看见某人做……”。
e.g.I can’t see myself allowing people to cheat me. 我无法想像会让人骗了。 e.g.She was seen running away from the scene of the crime. 有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开了。 (2)短语“without a jacket on”在句中作状语,修饰 heading towards on,表示“穿在身上”。 同时我们要注意短语中的介词 on,它还有其他一些含义,如“开着的; 在进行的; 在发生着的”。 e.g.Is the gas on?煤气还开着吗? e.g.The radio’s on but it isn’t working.收音机开着但不响。 e.g.Is the water on yet?水还开着吗? e.g.A new film is now on.一部新电影在上映。 【要点掌握】 (1)see sb./sth.doing 看见……在做…… see sb./sth.do 看见……做了…… see sb./sth.done 看见……被做…… e.g.Our teacher saw me speaking in class. 老师看见我在课堂上发言。 e.g.I saw my sister get off a bus,cross the street,and enter a shop. 我看见姐姐下了公交车,穿过马路,进了一家商店。 e.g.We saw the book moved. 我们看见书被动过了。 (2)see 后面带不定式作宾语补足语时,用在被动式结构中时不定式的符号 to 要补上。 e.g.My sister was seen to get off a bus,to cross the street,and to enter a
shop. 我的姐姐被看见下了公交车,穿过马路,进了一家商店。 (3)类似 see 用法的动词还有: 感官类:look at/watch/notice/observe/listen to/hear/feel e.g.The song was never heard to sing in English. 这首歌从来没有被听见用英语唱过。 e.g.He was made to work for his boss day and night. 他被要求不分昼夜地为老板工作。 使役类:make/let/have e.g.Don’t have the light burning all the time.别让灯总是开着。 2.Zhou Kai went and did as he was told. 周凯按他被吩咐的那样去做了。 【要点剖析】 从句“as he was told”是方式状语从句。意思为“按照他被吩咐的那样去做”。as 在这里是连词, 在本句中引导方式状语从句,意思为“按照,如同”。 e.g.Leave it as it is.保持原样,不要动它。 e.g.You must do everything as I tell you to.你必须按我说的做。 【要点掌握】 另外,as 还可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、比较状语从句和让步状语从句等。 现将 as 的其他用法作一小结,请同学们注意掌握: (1)作连词,引导时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时发生,意为“当……时,一面……一面”。 e.g.Nobody noticed him as he went into the meeting room. 当他走进会议室的时候,没有人留意到他。
e.g.I read the letter as I walked along the river. 我一边沿海边散步,一边看信。 (2)作连词,意为“因为,由于”,引导原因状语从句,语气不如 because 强烈,且多用于句首。 e.g.As all the seats were full,he stood up and made room for the old man. 由于坐位都坐满了,他起身给那位老人让座。 (3)作连词,意为“如,像”,引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句。 e.g.He isn’t as old as he looks. 他不是看上去的那么老。 e.g.You must do everything as I do. 你必须按照我做的那样做每件事。 (4)作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,代指主句的整个内容。 e.g.As we all know,oceans cover more than 70% of the earth. 众所周知,海洋覆盖了地球表面的 70%以上。 (5)作介词,意为“如,像;充当;作为”。 e.g.He worked there as a secretary.他在那儿当秘书。 3.I very rarely get colds,although,usually for me,I had a bad cold and a bit of a fever last week. 我很少感冒,尽管上周我患了重感冒有点发烧,但对我来说很少见。 【要点剖析】 (1) 从句“although,……,I had a bad cold and a bit of a fever last week.”是由 although 引导的一个让 步状语从句,被插入的副词短语 usually for me 分开。 e.g.It was an exciting game,although no goals were scored. 那是一场精彩的球赛,尽管一个球都没进。 e.g.Although I haven’t got a very good job,surfing makes me very fit. 虽然我没有一份很好的工作,但是冲浪运动使我的身体非常健康。
(2)“usually for me”是“副词+for sb.”结构,它经常在句中作状语,表示“对某人来说……, 令某人……的是”。 e.g.Happily for him,their team won the football game. 让他高兴的是,他们队赢了那场足球赛。 【要点掌握】 although 引导让步状语从句时,不能与 but 同时使用。 4.Two years ago,I broke my arm playing football. 两年前,踢足球时我胳膊骨折了。 【要点剖析】 “playing football”是现在分词短语形式作状语,相当于“when/while I was playing football”。 e.g.Walking into the room I saw him reading a newspaper. 当我走进屋子时看见他正在读报纸。 【要点掌握】 v.-ing 形式是三种非谓语动词中的一种,由动词原形加-ing 构成,在句中可以担当除了谓语外 的任何成分,即主语、表语、宾语(介词宾语和动词宾语) 、定语、状语和宾语补足语。 还可以表示原因、结果、方式等,在句中作状语。v.-ing 形式具有动词的若干特点,所以它又 可以有自己的宾语和状语等。 e.g.Learning English for me is very difficult. 对于我来说学英语很难。(作主语) e.g.The lecture was so boring that he felt sleepy.
这个演讲太枯燥了,他都想睡觉了。(作表语) e.g.This is a new type of self-winding watch. 这是一种新款的自动上弦手表。(作定语) e.g.I saw the boy rushing into the building. 我看见那个男孩冲进那座大厦。(作宾补) 5.But that’s because I was stupid enough to play football in the rain. 那是因为我太傻了,在雨中踢足球。 【要点剖析】 注意“stupid enough”包含了“adj./adv.+enough”结构,它与不定式连用作结果状语。 e.g.The girl is old enough to look after herself. 这个小女孩到自己照顾自己的年龄了。 e.g.The hall is big enough to hold 1000 people. 这个大厅足够容纳 1000 人了。 【要点掌握】 这种结构可以与“so……that……”或“such……that……”互换使用。 e.g.The girl is old enough to look after herself. →The girl is so old that she can look after herself. 这个小女孩到自己照顾自己的年龄了。 e.g.The hall is not big enough to hold 1000 people. →The hall is such a small one that it can’t hold 1000 people. 这个大厅很小,不能容纳 1000 人。 6.That couldn’t be better. 不可能再好了/够好的了。 【要点剖析】 “couldn’t be better”在本句中的意思为“不能再好了”,其结构为“couldn’t+形容词或副词的比较 级”,常用来表示对已经发生的事情的判断或评价。 e.g.—What did you think of the film last night? 你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样? —It couldn’t be worse. 再糟糕不过了。 四、语法剖析 名词转化为动词 名词转化为动词是英语语言中一种比较普
遍的现象,也是词类转化的一个重要组成部分。主 要有以下几种情况: (1)许多可以表示物体的名词用作动词(意思也随之有些转变) 。 e.g.Have you booked your tickets?你的票订好了吗? e.g.Who is to chair the meeting?谁来主持会议? e.g.He pinned great hopes on us.他对我们寄予了很大希望。 e.g.It can seat a thousand people.它能坐(容纳)一千人。 e.g.The speaker pictured the suffering of the poor. 那个演讲人描绘了穷人的痛苦。 e.g.He hurriedly pencilled the time on it. 他匆忙(用铅笔)在上面写下时间。 e.g.By noon he had bagged 3 hares.到中午时,他已捕获了三只野兔。
e.g.The money was all pocketed by corrupt officials. 这些钱都进了贪官污吏的腰包。 (2)表示身体某部位的名词也可作动词。 e.g.He handed the book to me.他递给了我那本书。 e.g.We’ve got to back him up.我们必须支持他。 e.g.He must shoulder his responsibilities.他必须肩负他的责任。 e.g.She figured the silk gently.她轻轻地抚摸着那缎子。 e.g.He eyed her every movement.他注视着她的每个动作。 e.g.She’s always nosing into other people’s business.她总爱管别人的闲事。 e.g.I elbowed my way through the crowd.我推挤着穿过人群。 e.g.They headed for the gate.他们朝大门口走去。 (3)某些表示一类人的名词也可用作动词。 e.g.She nursed me day and night for three weeks. 三个礼拜以来,她日夜护理我。 e.g.He feels he can doctor a common cold. 他感到他能治疗普通的感冒。 e.g.He had soldiered in France in his youth.他年轻时在法国当过兵。 e.g.The army was officered by brave men.这支军队由勇敢的人指挥。 e.g.He fathered the plan.这计划是他提出来的。 e.g.Spying is dangerous.当间谍是危险的。 (4)一些表示实物的名词也可用作动词。 e.g.Many villagers volunteered the house to flood victims. 许多村民主动提出给遭受水灾的灾民提供住处。 e.g.We roomed together at college.我们大学时同居一室。 e.g.They must try to bridge the generation gap between them. 他们必须填补他们之间的代沟。 e.g.I believe it is going to flower this year.我相信它今年会开花。 e.g.He floored the room.他把房间铺上了地板。 e.g.He oiled his tools and put them away.他给工具擦了油,并把它们收了起来。 e.g.The pill is coated with sugar.药丸外面包有糖衣。 e.g.I ducked my head to avoid being hit.我低下头,以免被击中。 (5)有些抽象名词也可以作动词。 e.g.We usually lunch at school.我们通常在学校吃午饭。 e.g.It stormed all that day.那天一整天风雨大作。 e.g.This angered him at first.开头这让他很生气。 e.g.A good student hungers after knowledge.好学生渴望
获得知识。 “will+不定式”与“be going to”结构表示将来时 1.will 的基本用法 (1)用作助动词 will 可用作助动词,用来表示单纯的将来(一般将来、将来进行、将来完成等),用于第二、 三人称,还可以代替 shall,用于第一人称(但在疑问句中,will 用于第一人称较为少见) 。 e.g.We’ll go at six o’clock tonight.我们今晚 6 点钟出去。 e.g.He will come back soon.他马上就会返回。
e.g.There’ll be a holiday on Monday.这个周一是个假期。 e.g.I won’t go shopping this afternoon but George will. 今天下午我不去逛商场,但是乔治去。 e.g.Will you be here again tomorrow? 你明天这个时候还会在这里吗? e.g.Won’t you go to Beijing next week?你下周不去北京吗? e.g.When will the train arrive?火车什么时候到? (2)用于各种人称,表示倾向性或习惯性动作。 e.g.Every Sunday,we will go for a long walk.每周日,我们都会走很长的路。 e.g.He’ll talk for hours if you give him the chance. 如果你给他机会,他能说一个小时。 e.g.Boys will be boys.男孩就是男孩。 (3)在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用现在时态,而不用将来时态。 e.g.I’ll come unless it rains.只要不下雨我就来。 e.g.They will fight till they win a complete victory. 他们会将战斗进行到底,直到取得彻底的胜利。 e.g.If I have time tomorrow,I’ll keep you company. 如果明天有时间,我会陪你的。 (4)在下列两种情况下,条件从句中可以用一般将来时。 表愿望。 e.g.If you will take off your old clothes,we’ll fit the new clothes on you. 如果你愿意脱下旧衣服,我们就替你试穿新衣服。 主句的谓语表示现在的情况。 e.g.If he won’t arrive this morning,why should we wait here? 要是他今天早上到不了,我们干吗要在这儿等呢? 2.“be going to+不定式”的基本用法 (1)表示(事先经过考虑的)意图,即计划、安排或打算做某事 e.g.I’m going to sell this old car,and buy a new one. 我打算卖掉这辆旧车,买辆新车。 e.g.I’m not going to touch a thing tonight.我今晚什么也不想干。 e.g.What are you going to do in the future?你将来打算干什么? e.g.How long is he going to stay here?他打算在这里住多长时间? 注意: 当行为动词是 go 或 come 时,最好避免用“be going to+不定式”结构,而用进行时来代替。 e.g.He’s coming tomorrow.他明天来。 另外,leave,start,arrive,stay,fly,land,take off 等,也可以有类似的用法。 e.g.We’re leaving for/flying to Qingdao tomorrow.我们明天去/飞到青岛。 (2)表示趋向,即已有迹象表明即将发生或不可避免的事情 e.g.George is putting on weight.He’s going to be quite fat. 乔治正在增肥,
他正在变胖。 e.g.She’s going to have a baby.她要有一个小孩了。 e.g.It looks as if he’s going to win the game. 看起来他可能会赢得比赛。
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Module 1 重点与剖析 一、单词剖析 1.fit adj.健康的,结实的;合适的;v.合身;适合 e.g.Do you feel fit?感觉健康吗? e.g.He runs to keep fit.为保持健康,他经常跑步。 e.g.This food is not fit for your visitors.这食物不适合你的客人。 e.g.After the interview,the employer concluded that she was not fit for the job.面试后老板下结 论说她不能胜任这项工作。 e.g.The water is not fit to drink.这水不宜饮用。 e.g.The new sports shoes don’t fit (him) well.新的运动鞋(他穿)不合脚。 【易混辨析】 fit 和 suit fit 指在衣服、帽子、鞋等方面在尺寸和形状方面的适合; suit 指打扮或颜色方面的适合。 【词组拓展】 keep fit 保健 (be)fit for sth.适合于…… (be) fit to do sth.适合做某事 (sth.) fit sb.……适合某人(穿) 2.head n.头,头部;人;个人;v.(使)朝……方向前进 举一反三 headache 头痛 headquarters 总部 e.g.It cost a head $5 to eat there.到那里吃饭每人须付五美元。 e.g.Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.宁为鸡口,毋为牛后。 e.g.She headed straight toward home after school.放学后,她径直朝家里走去。 e.g.The fisherman tried to head his ship toward the south.渔夫设法使船朝南航行。 e.g.The bus headed the line of cars.公共汽车开在一列小汽车的前头。 【词组拓展】 head toward/for……朝某个方向或某地运动、行进 at the head of 居……首位 keep one’s head 保持冷静 lose one’s head 失去理智 head off 阻止,拦截 head on 迎面地 3.eye vt.注视,观看 举一反三 eyeball 眼球 eyebrow 眉毛 e.g.He couldn’t help eyeing the cakes hungrily.他急不可耐地盯着蛋糕。 e.g.They eyed us with alarm.他们警觉地注视着我们。 e.g.They were eyeing us jealously.他们嫉妒地看着我们。 【要点掌握】 eye 不但能作动词,它还可以作名词,请同学们注意它的不同含义。 指身体的部位,意为“眼睛”。 e.g.There were tears in his eyes.他眼里噙着泪水。 视力,眼力 e.g.A surgeon needs a good eye and a steady hand.做外科医生眼要准,手要稳。
眼光;视角 e.g.He looked at the design with the eye of an engineer.他以工程师的眼光审视这个设计。 e.g.She can do no wrong in his eyes.在他眼里她是完美无缺的。 鉴赏力;判断力 He has an eye for pictures.他对画有鉴赏力。 【词组拓展】 catch one’s eye 引人注目 keep an eye on 留意看;照顾 4.anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的;渴望的 举一反三 nervous 不安的 desired 渴望的 e.g.He spent an anxious nig
ht waiting for the test results.他因等待测试结果而度过一个焦虑 不安的夜晚。 【要点掌握】 be anxious about/for 忧虑,担心;害怕(结果) ;渴望有(得到)…… e.g.There is no reason to be anxious about the result.不必为结果担心。 e.g.We are all anxious for his safety.我们都为他的安全而忧虑。 be anxious to do sth.急切想做某事 e.g.He was anxious to meet you.他急切地想与你见面。 e.g.People all over the world were anxious to have peace.全世界的人们都渴望和平。 be anxious that clause e.g.We are anxious that he (should) do his bit.我们渴望他能尽自己的本分。 5.crazy adj.疯狂的,狂热的,着迷的 举一反三 insane 疯狂的 mad 着迷的 e.g.They were running around like crazy.他们拼命地跑着。 e.g.He’s crazy to drive his car so fast.他把车开得这样快,真是疯了。 e.g.He must be crazy to lend her money.他把钱借给她,一定是疯了。 【要点掌握】 be crazy about 对……着迷 e.g.She’s crazy about dancing.她热衷于跳舞。 be crazy for sth.渴望某物 e.g.Most young people are crazy for chances to go abroad for further study.多数年轻人都渴望 有机会出国进修。 6.injure vt.伤害;损害;伤感情 举一反三 injury 伤害 injurious 有害的 e.g.She injured herself badly in an accident during the work.她在一次工伤事故中受了伤。 e.g.There were two people injured in the car accident.车祸中有两个人受了伤。 e.g.The shop assistant’s words injured the man’s pride.店员的话伤了那个人的自尊。 【易混辨析】hurt,injure,harm,damage 和 wound hurt 是普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上或感情上的伤害。 e.g.The driver hurt himself badly in the accident.那位司机在那次事故中伤得很重。 injure 比 hurt 正式些,hurt 多指伤痛,而 injure 则指损害健康、成就和容貌等,强调功能的损失。
e.g.A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。 harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便,还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指 那些不道德的事情。 e.g.Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。 e.g.Failure to pay his bills has harmed his credit.无法付账会对他的信用带来损害。 damage 主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、 用途和外观等所造成的损失,这种损失或因自然 灾害所致,或因人为造成。 e.g.He damaged my car with a stone.他用石头砸坏了我的汽车。 e.g.The scandal seriously damaged the senator’s reputation.那丑闻严重损害了参议员的名声。 wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,特指战场上受伤,它可以指肉体上的伤害,也可指
人们 精神上的创伤。 e.g.The bullet wounded his arm.子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。 二、词组剖析 1.at (the) least 至少 e.g.It’ll take a year,at the very least. 这至少需要一年的时间。 e.g.It’ll cost at least 5000 yuan. 这东西至少需要 5000 元。 e.g.She must be at least 40. 她至少应该 40 岁了。 e.g.Cut the grass at least once a week in summer.夏天每周至少割草一次。 e.g.I’ve known her at least as long as you have.我认识她至少和你认识她的时间一样长。 【联想词组】 at (the) most 至多 at (the) latest 最迟 at (the) best 最好,充其量也不过 2.think of 想起,想出;考虑 e.g.We are thinking of going to France.我们正考虑去法国。 e.g.Young people think much of the pop star Zhou Jielun.年轻人对流行歌手周杰伦想得很多。 e.g.What do you think of my singing?你觉得我的歌唱得怎么样? e.g.I can’t think of his name at the moment.我一时想不起他的名字。 e.g.Can you think of any explanation for his frequent absence from work?你能为他的经常旷 工作出解释吗? 【联想词组】 think about 考虑 think much of 高度评价 think over 考虑 think aloud 自言自语 think up 想出;发明;捏造,虚构 think little of 对某人看法不好 3.keep……away (from)避开;使不靠近 e.g.Keep away from the edge of the cliff.切莫靠近悬崖边。 e.g.Her illness kept her away from work for several weeks.她病得好几周都上不了班。 【联想词组】 keep up 保持;维持 keep off 使离开;不接近 keep up with 不落在后面 keep out 不使入内;使留在外面 keep on 继续 4.make sure 确保,确定 e.g.Make sure to wake me up at 4 o’clock tomorrow.记着明天早上 4 点叫醒我。 e.g.Make sure that you can get a ticket for Liu Huan’s solo show.你要确保弄到一张刘欢的个 人演唱会的门票。
e.g.Make sure he writes it down.让他一定记下来。 【要点掌握】 make sure of sth. e.g.They scored another goal and made sure of victory.他们又进了一个球,这就赢定了。 make sure to do sth. e.g.Could you make sure to look after this little baby.你确信会照看这个小宝贝吗? make sure that clause e.g.She looked around to make sure that she was alone. 她往四周看看,以确定只有她一个人。 e.g.Make sure that no one finds out about this.绝对不要让任何人发现这件事。 【联想词组】 for sure 无疑;肯定 to be sure 的确;确实 5.be connected with 与……有关系;与……有亲戚关系 e.g.He is connected with the Smiths.他与史密斯家有亲戚关系。 e.g.The driver is connected with the traffic accident.这位司机与那起交通事故有关系。 【联想词组】 connect……with…… 把……(与
……)连接 6.lie down 躺下 e.g.He lay down utterly exhausted.他筋疲力尽地躺下。 e.g.The professor lay down for a rest after the lecture.教授做完讲座后躺下休息了一会儿。 【联想词组】 lie back 向后倚靠 lie in (问题)在 lie about 零零散散;游手好闲 于 7.put……into……将……投入…… e.g.She put small change into her purse. 她把零钱放进钱包。 e.g.Some astronauts were put into space.几名宇航员被送上太空。 e.g.We should put what we have learned into practice.我们应该学以致用。 e.g.He’s put all his savings into buying that house.他把他所有的积蓄都用来买那所房子了。 【联想词组】 put……on…… 把……放在上面 put in 插入;放进 put……in…… 把……放在里面 put off 延期,拖延(与人)见面的时间 put aside 搁置一旁 put on 穿上(动作) put away 处理;收拾 put through 把(细绳等)穿过;完成 put back 放回;送回 put together 组合;整理;合计 put down 放下;使(乘客等)下(车) put up 举起;挂起;建造 put forward 向前移;建议 put out 扑灭(火) 三、句子剖析 1.When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on,she eyed him anxiously. 周凯的妈妈看见他没穿上衣就朝门外走去时,她焦急地注视着他。 【要点剖析】 (1) “saw……heading”,在这个句子中的意思为“看到……向……走”,它包含了“see sb.doing”结构, 其意思为“看见某人做……”。
e.g.I can’t see myself allowing people to cheat me. 我无法想像会让人骗了。 e.g.She was seen running away from the scene of the crime. 有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开了。 (2)短语“without a jacket on”在句中作状语,修饰 heading towards on,表示“穿在身上”。 同时我们要注意短语中的介词 on,它还有其他一些含义,如“开着的; 在进行的; 在发生着的”。 e.g.Is the gas on?煤气还开着吗? e.g.The radio’s on but it isn’t working.收音机开着但不响。 e.g.Is the water on yet?水还开着吗? e.g.A new film is now on.一部新电影在上映。 【要点掌握】 (1)see sb./sth.doing 看见……在做…… see sb./sth.do 看见……做了…… see sb./sth.done 看见……被做…… e.g.Our teacher saw me speaking in class. 老师看见我在课堂上发言。 e.g.I saw my sister get off a bus,cross the street,and enter a shop. 我看见姐姐下了公交车,穿过马路,进了一家商店。 e.g.We saw the book moved. 我们看见书被动过了。 (2)see 后面带不定式作宾语补足语时,用在被动式结构中时不定式的符号 to 要补上。 e.g.My sister was seen to get off a bus,to cross the street,and to enter a
shop. 我的姐姐被看见下了公交车,穿过马路,进了一家商店。 (3)类似 see 用法的动词还有: 感官类:look at/watch/notice/observe/listen to/hear/feel e.g.The song was never heard to sing in English. 这首歌从来没有被听见用英语唱过。 e.g.He was made to work for his boss day and night. 他被要求不分昼夜地为老板工作。 使役类:make/let/have e.g.Don’t have the light burning all the time.别让灯总是开着。 2.Zhou Kai went and did as he was told. 周凯按他被吩咐的那样去做了。 【要点剖析】 从句“as he was told”是方式状语从句。意思为“按照他被吩咐的那样去做”。as 在这里是连词, 在本句中引导方式状语从句,意思为“按照,如同”。 e.g.Leave it as it is.保持原样,不要动它。 e.g.You must do everything as I tell you to.你必须按我说的做。 【要点掌握】 另外,as 还可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、比较状语从句和让步状语从句等。 现将 as 的其他用法作一小结,请同学们注意掌握: (1)作连词,引导时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时发生,意为“当……时,一面……一面”。 e.g.Nobody noticed him as he went into the meeting room. 当他走进会议室的时候,没有人留意到他。
e.g.I read the letter as I walked along the river. 我一边沿海边散步,一边看信。 (2)作连词,意为“因为,由于”,引导原因状语从句,语气不如 because 强烈,且多用于句首。 e.g.As all the seats were full,he stood up and made room for the old man. 由于坐位都坐满了,他起身给那位老人让座。 (3)作连词,意为“如,像”,引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句。 e.g.He isn’t as old as he looks. 他不是看上去的那么老。 e.g.You must do everything as I do. 你必须按照我做的那样做每件事。 (4)作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,代指主句的整个内容。 e.g.As we all know,oceans cover more than 70% of the earth. 众所周知,海洋覆盖了地球表面的 70%以上。 (5)作介词,意为“如,像;充当;作为”。 e.g.He worked there as a secretary.他在那儿当秘书。 3.I very rarely get colds,although,usually for me,I had a bad cold and a bit of a fever last week. 我很少感冒,尽管上周我患了重感冒有点发烧,但对我来说很少见。 【要点剖析】 (1) 从句“although,……,I had a bad cold and a bit of a fever last week.”是由 although 引导的一个让 步状语从句,被插入的副词短语 usually for me 分开。 e.g.It was an exciting game,although no goals were scored. 那是一场精彩的球赛,尽管一个球都没进。 e.g.Although I haven’t got a very good job,surfing makes me very fit. 虽然我没有一份很好的工作,但是冲浪运动使我的身体非常健康。
(2)“usually for me”是“副词+for sb.”结构,它经常在句中作状语,表示“对某人来说……, 令某人……的是”。 e.g.Happily for him,their team won the football game. 让他高兴的是,他们队赢了那场足球赛。 【要点掌握】 although 引导让步状语从句时,不能与 but 同时使用。 4.Two years ago,I broke my arm playing football. 两年前,踢足球时我胳膊骨折了。 【要点剖析】 “playing football”是现在分词短语形式作状语,相当于“when/while I was playing football”。 e.g.Walking into the room I saw him reading a newspaper. 当我走进屋子时看见他正在读报纸。 【要点掌握】 v.-ing 形式是三种非谓语动词中的一种,由动词原形加-ing 构成,在句中可以担当除了谓语外 的任何成分,即主语、表语、宾语(介词宾语和动词宾语) 、定语、状语和宾语补足语。 还可以表示原因、结果、方式等,在句中作状语。v.-ing 形式具有动词的若干特点,所以它又 可以有自己的宾语和状语等。 e.g.Learning English for me is very difficult. 对于我来说学英语很难。(作主语) e.g.The lecture was so boring that he felt sleepy.
这个演讲太枯燥了,他都想睡觉了。(作表语) e.g.This is a new type of self-winding watch. 这是一种新款的自动上弦手表。(作定语) e.g.I saw the boy rushing into the building. 我看见那个男孩冲进那座大厦。(作宾补) 5.But that’s because I was stupid enough to play football in the rain. 那是因为我太傻了,在雨中踢足球。 【要点剖析】 注意“stupid enough”包含了“adj./adv.+enough”结构,它与不定式连用作结果状语。 e.g.The girl is old enough to look after herself. 这个小女孩到自己照顾自己的年龄了。 e.g.The hall is big enough to hold 1000 people. 这个大厅足够容纳 1000 人了。 【要点掌握】 这种结构可以与“so……that……”或“such……that……”互换使用。 e.g.The girl is old enough to look after herself. →The girl is so old that she can look after herself. 这个小女孩到自己照顾自己的年龄了。 e.g.The hall is not big enough to hold 1000 people. →The hall is such a small one that it can’t hold 1000 people. 这个大厅很小,不能容纳 1000 人。 6.That couldn’t be better. 不可能再好了/够好的了。 【要点剖析】 “couldn’t be better”在本句中的意思为“不能再好了”,其结构为“couldn’t+形容词或副词的比较 级”,常用来表示对已经发生的事情的判断或评价。 e.g.—What did you think of the film last night? 你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样? —It couldn’t be worse. 再糟糕不过了。 四、语法剖析 名词转化为动词 名词转化为动词是英语语言中一种比较普
遍的现象,也是词类转化的一个重要组成部分。主 要有以下几种情况: (1)许多可以表示物体的名词用作动词(意思也随之有些转变) 。 e.g.Have you booked your tickets?你的票订好了吗? e.g.Who is to chair the meeting?谁来主持会议? e.g.He pinned great hopes on us.他对我们寄予了很大希望。 e.g.It can seat a thousand people.它能坐(容纳)一千人。 e.g.The speaker pictured the suffering of the poor. 那个演讲人描绘了穷人的痛苦。 e.g.He hurriedly pencilled the time on it. 他匆忙(用铅笔)在上面写下时间。 e.g.By noon he had bagged 3 hares.到中午时,他已捕获了三只野兔。
e.g.The money was all pocketed by corrupt officials. 这些钱都进了贪官污吏的腰包。 (2)表示身体某部位的名词也可作动词。 e.g.He handed the book to me.他递给了我那本书。 e.g.We’ve got to back him up.我们必须支持他。 e.g.He must shoulder his responsibilities.他必须肩负他的责任。 e.g.She figured the silk gently.她轻轻地抚摸着那缎子。 e.g.He eyed her every movement.他注视着她的每个动作。 e.g.She’s always nosing into other people’s business.她总爱管别人的闲事。 e.g.I elbowed my way through the crowd.我推挤着穿过人群。 e.g.They headed for the gate.他们朝大门口走去。 (3)某些表示一类人的名词也可用作动词。 e.g.She nursed me day and night for three weeks. 三个礼拜以来,她日夜护理我。 e.g.He feels he can doctor a common cold. 他感到他能治疗普通的感冒。 e.g.He had soldiered in France in his youth.他年轻时在法国当过兵。 e.g.The army was officered by brave men.这支军队由勇敢的人指挥。 e.g.He fathered the plan.这计划是他提出来的。 e.g.Spying is dangerous.当间谍是危险的。 (4)一些表示实物的名词也可用作动词。 e.g.Many villagers volunteered the house to flood victims. 许多村民主动提出给遭受水灾的灾民提供住处。 e.g.We roomed together at college.我们大学时同居一室。 e.g.They must try to bridge the generation gap between them. 他们必须填补他们之间的代沟。 e.g.I believe it is going to flower this year.我相信它今年会开花。 e.g.He floored the room.他把房间铺上了地板。 e.g.He oiled his tools and put them away.他给工具擦了油,并把它们收了起来。 e.g.The pill is coated with sugar.药丸外面包有糖衣。 e.g.I ducked my head to avoid being hit.我低下头,以免被击中。 (5)有些抽象名词也可以作动词。 e.g.We usually lunch at school.我们通常在学校吃午饭。 e.g.It stormed all that day.那天一整天风雨大作。 e.g.This angered him at first.开头这让他很生气。 e.g.A good student hungers after knowledge.好学生渴望
获得知识。 “will+不定式”与“be going to”结构表示将来时 1.will 的基本用法 (1)用作助动词 will 可用作助动词,用来表示单纯的将来(一般将来、将来进行、将来完成等),用于第二、 三人称,还可以代替 shall,用于第一人称(但在疑问句中,will 用于第一人称较为少见) 。 e.g.We’ll go at six o’clock tonight.我们今晚 6 点钟出去。 e.g.He will come back soon.他马上就会返回。
e.g.There’ll be a holiday on Monday.这个周一是个假期。 e.g.I won’t go shopping this afternoon but George will. 今天下午我不去逛商场,但是乔治去。 e.g.Will you be here again tomorrow? 你明天这个时候还会在这里吗? e.g.Won’t you go to Beijing next week?你下周不去北京吗? e.g.When will the train arrive?火车什么时候到? (2)用于各种人称,表示倾向性或习惯性动作。 e.g.Every Sunday,we will go for a long walk.每周日,我们都会走很长的路。 e.g.He’ll talk for hours if you give him the chance. 如果你给他机会,他能说一个小时。 e.g.Boys will be boys.男孩就是男孩。 (3)在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用现在时态,而不用将来时态。 e.g.I’ll come unless it rains.只要不下雨我就来。 e.g.They will fight till they win a complete victory. 他们会将战斗进行到底,直到取得彻底的胜利。 e.g.If I have time tomorrow,I’ll keep you company. 如果明天有时间,我会陪你的。 (4)在下列两种情况下,条件从句中可以用一般将来时。 表愿望。 e.g.If you will take off your old clothes,we’ll fit the new clothes on you. 如果你愿意脱下旧衣服,我们就替你试穿新衣服。 主句的谓语表示现在的情况。 e.g.If he won’t arrive this morning,why should we wait here? 要是他今天早上到不了,我们干吗要在这儿等呢? 2.“be going to+不定式”的基本用法 (1)表示(事先经过考虑的)意图,即计划、安排或打算做某事 e.g.I’m going to sell this old car,and buy a new one. 我打算卖掉这辆旧车,买辆新车。 e.g.I’m not going to touch a thing tonight.我今晚什么也不想干。 e.g.What are you going to do in the future?你将来打算干什么? e.g.How long is he going to stay here?他打算在这里住多长时间? 注意: 当行为动词是 go 或 come 时,最好避免用“be going to+不定式”结构,而用进行时来代替。 e.g.He’s coming tomorrow.他明天来。 另外,leave,start,arrive,stay,fly,land,take off 等,也可以有类似的用法。 e.g.We’re leaving for/flying to Qingdao tomorrow.我们明天去/飞到青岛。 (2)表示趋向,即已有迹象表明即将发生或不可避免的事情 e.g.George is putting on weight.He’s going to be quite fat. 乔治正在增肥,
他正在变胖。 e.g.She’s going to have a baby.她要有一个小孩了。 e.g.It looks as if he’s going to win the game. 看起来他可能会赢得比赛。
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