提高枣树坐果措施解决落花落果问题
1枣树落花落果的原因
1 Chinese jujube fallen petal fruit drop
1.1枣树本身的特性
1.1 Chinese jujube characteristics of itself
枣树的花芽是当年分化、当年形成,花量大,使得营养消耗偏多。在枣树的年生长周期中,花芽分化、枝条生长、开花坐果及幼果发育几乎同时进行,物候期严重重叠,各器官间养分竞争激烈,营养生长和生殖生长的矛盾尖锐,致使枣树落花、落果严重。
Jujube flower bud is differentiation, the formation, spend large amount, makes the nutrition cost more. Annual growth cycle in Chinese jujube, flower bud differentiation, growth, flowering, fruit branches and young fruit development are almost at the same time, phenophase serious overlap, each organ between
nutrient competition is intense, vegetative growth and reproductive growth of sharp contradictions, the jujube tree fallen petal, severe fruit drop.
1.2枣园的立地条件和管理水平
1.2 zaoyuan site conditions and management level
立地条件好、管理水平高、营养充足时枣树坐果率较高;光照不足,营养缺乏时落花落果严重。
Good site conditions, high management level, full of nutrition, jujube fruit rate is higher; When light is insufficient, nutritional deficiencies fallen petal fruit drop seriously.
1.3花期的气候条件
1.3 flowering of weather conditions
枣树开花需要一定的温度,最适温度为23~25℃,温度超过27℃、低于20℃则影响开花坐果。适宜湿度在70%~80%,
空气过于干燥,相对湿度低于40%~50%,影响坐果。花期多风、高温会出现“焦花”现象,影响花粉发育。低温(20℃以下)和阴雨天气,会出现雨水浸花,柱头分泌物被冲淡或流失,使花粉发芽率降低。
Jujube flower needs certain temperature, the optimum temperature is 23 ~ 25 ℃, the temperature is over 27 ℃, 20 ℃ below the blossom fruit. Suitable humidity was 70% ~ 70%, and the air is too dry, the relative humidity is below 40% ~ 40%, and affect the fruit. Flowering more than wind, high temperature will appear "JiaoHua" phenomenon, affected pollen development. Under low temperature (20 ℃) and wet weather, there will be rain soaked, stigma secretions dilution or loss, lower the pollen germination rate.
2提高坐果率的措施
Two measures of increasing fruit-bearing rate
2.1提高树体营养水平
2.1 improve the nutrition level of trees
2.1.1加强土肥水管理。立地条件较好的平地枣园,在春旱时应及时浇水,并与土壤施肥结合进行。施肥数量因土壤肥力、树体大小、树势强弱而异。一般1kg果施基肥
1.5~2.0kg。盛果期大树每株年施厩肥50kg、尿素0.5~1.0kg。适当施入磷钾肥。旱地枣园的水分管理主要是水保工程蓄水、覆盖地膜与中耕除草节水等。施肥主要是结合秋季深翻施基肥、趁雨或雨后追肥、种植绿肥和客压杂草等。山地枣园通常土层薄且土质较差,应整修梯田、刨树盘、穴贮肥水或炮震扩穴等方法改良土壤,提高树体营养水平。
2.1.1 strengthen soil water management. Good flat zaoyuan site conditions, when the spring drought should be timely watering, and combined with the soil fertilization. Fertilizer application amount for soil fertility, tree size, tree potential strength. General 1 kg basal dressing 1.5 ~ 2.0 kg. Provinces tree fym 50 kg per year, urea 0.5 ~ 1.0 kg. Plowing under appropriately. Upland jujube water
management is mainly water conservation project, covering plastic film and hoe weeding water saving, etc. Fertilizer is mainly combined with autumn commune basal dressing, before or after the rain the rain fertilizer, planting green manure and guest pressure weeds, etc. Mountain jujube thin soil layer and soil quality is poorer, usually should be renovated terraces, plane trees, enlarge hole to hole and water storage or cannon shock method such as soil improvement, improve the nutrition level of trees.
2.1.2合理整形修剪。枣树是喜光树种,合理修剪可以调整枣树生长和结果的关系,改善树冠的通风透光条件,促进花芽分化,提高坐果率。因此,修剪是枣树保花保果中不容忽视的技术措施之一。尤其是枣头的生长与花芽分化、开花结果的物候期重叠,应及时进行抹芽入枣头和二次枝摘心等。
2.1.2 reasonable pruning. Jujube is a very bright light tree species, rational pruning can adjust the relationship between Chinese jujube growth and as
a result, improving canopy ventilation pervious to light conditions, promote flower bud differentiation, improve fruit-bearing rate. Therefore, pruning is jujube flower and fruit in one of the technical measures that nots allow to ignore. Especially jujube growth and flower bud differentiation and flowering results of the phenological period of overlap, shall promptly carry out head and secondary branch sprouting into jujube pick heart, etc.
2.1.3防治病虫害。在果实生长发育过程中,许多病虫害可造成落花落果。通常造成大量落花落果的病害有枣锈病、枣铁皮病等;虫害有桃小食心虫、枣粘虫、枣尺蠖、金龟子、枣龟甲蜡蚧、枣叶壁虱等。加强病虫害防治,对于增强树势、促进坐果十分重要。
2.1.3 the prevention and control plant diseases and insect pests. In the process of fruit growth and development, many of the diseases and insect pests can cause falling fruit drop. Often cause a great deal of fallen petal fruit diseases have jujube rust,
date sheet, etc.; Pests have peach small armyworm budworm, jujube, jujube inchworm, dung beetles, jujube pest tortoiseshell wax, jujube leaf mite, etc. Strengthening prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, to strengthen, promote fruit tree potential is very important.
2.2调节营养分配
2.2 regulate nutrient allocation
2.2.1花期开甲。在开花和坐果的关键期进行开甲,可缓解地上部生长和开花坐果间的养分竞争,提高坐果率。枣树开甲时期一般在盛花期及幼果期,北方枣区大约在6月上旬和7月上中旬。首次开甲在距地面20cm处,先刮掉1圈老树皮,露出粉红色韧皮部后,酿酒设备用快刀绕树干上下环切2周,深达木质部,将韧皮组织切下剥去。整个环剥口宽窄要一致,刀口要平滑。剥口宽度以1个月内能完全愈合为度,一般0.5~1.0cm,小树和弱树宜窄,大树和壮树宜宽。
2.2.1 flowering open armour. Armor, in the critical
period of flowering and fruit can alleviate aboveground nutrient competition between growth and blossom fruit, improve the fruit rate. Jujube on coated and young fruit period, a period in the northern Chinese date area about occurrence peak in early June and July. Open at about 20 cm from the ground, for the first time to shave off a circle old bark, show pink phloem after the cut with a sharp knife around the trunk link up and down for 2 weeks, as deep as the xylem and the phloem tissue cutting strip. The whole ring strip width to be consistent, to smooth edge. Strip width mouth can completely healed within a month, for degree, generally 0.5 1.0 cm, small and weak trees should be narrow, the tree should be wide and strong tree.
开甲后不要用手或工具触及甲口部位的形成层,以保证甲口能及时愈合,同时应注意防止甲虫危害,一般采用涂药、抹泥或绑缚塑料条等方法进行甲口保护。
Don't by hand or after open a tool touch the cambium a mouth parts, to ensure a mouth can heal in time,
at the same time should pay attention to prevent beetle damage, generally USES coated, wipe mud or tied to a mouth protection method such as plastic article.
2.2.2生长枝摘心。摘心抑制营养生长,改善了营养生长和生殖生长的关系,改善了光合产物的分配,使养分相对集中于结果部位,从而提高坐果率。枣头摘心的时期一般是等枣头生长到一定节数后进行,一般枣头可留2~6个二次枝进行摘心。摘心强度因品种和树势而异,树势强的可重摘心,梨枣等木质化枣吊结果能力强的品种宜重摘心。二次枝摘心时间是随生长随摘心,摘心程度与其在一次枝上的位置等有关,对于重摘心的枣头,海吉布其上二次枝一般生长较长,二次枝可适当留长一些。枣头中下部二次枝可留6~9节,中上部二次枝可留3~5节。另外,枣吊也可随生长随摘心,对于生长势强的枣头上的枣吊,一般留40cm摘心,其他枣吊可留15~20cm摘心。
2.2.2 growth branch pick the heart. Pick heart inhibit vegetative growth, improve the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, improved the distribution of photosynthetic product,
make the nutrients relative to focus on results, thus improve fruit-bearing rate. Jujube head picking dates such as heart period usually grow to a certain section, after several dates head can keep commonly 2 ~ 6 secondary branch to pick the heart. Pick heart strength varies between species and tree potential, tree potential strong heart can be heavy to pick, LiZao lignification jujube hang results ability of varieties should be heavy heart. Secondary branch the heart time is increases with the increasing growth of the mind, heart and picked on a branch location and so on, for a heavy heart picked jujube head, secondary branch grows longer, its secondary branch can be appropriately to stay longer. Jujube secondary branch in the first part for 6 ~ 9 day, in the upper secondary branch can keep 3 ~ 5 day. Also, jujube crane can also increases with the increasing growth of heart, picked for strong growth potential over the heads of the jujube jujube hang, generally in 40 cm pick heart, other dates can leave 15 ~ 20 cm to pick a heart.
2.3创造良好的授粉条件
2.3 create a good pollination condition
2.3.1配置适宜的授粉树。多数枣品种能单性结实和自花结实。在生产实践中,单一品种种植的枣区大多能达到较高产量。但异花授粉能显着提高坐果率。尤其是有些品种雄蕊发育不良,花粉退化,则更需要配置授粉树。如金丝小枣附近有绵枣可提高坐果率;婆枣配置斑枣,义乌大枣配置马枣均有明显的增产效果。
2.3.1 configuration appropriate pollination tree. Most jujube varieties to parthenocarpy and strong the flowers. In production practice, a single varieties of jujube most area can achieve a higher yield. But cross-pollination can significantly improve fruit rate. Pollen degeneration, especially stamens dysplasia, some varieties are more need to configure the pollination tree. Such as near have a continous golden-silk jujube jujube fruit rate can be improved; Shiva spot jujube, jujube configuration yiwu horse jujube jujube configuration has the obvious effect to increase
production.
2.3.2花期放蜂。枣树为典型的虫媒花,花蜜丰富,香味浓。蜜蜂是最好的传粉媒介。枣园放蜂的数量与枣园的面积及每箱蜂的数量和活力有关,一般将蜂箱均匀地放在枣园中,蜂箱间距不超过300m。蜜蜂在11℃开始活动,16~29℃最活跃。如花期风速大、温度低或降雨,蜜蜂活动少,则效果差。另外,枣园放蜂期间,要严禁使用西维因、菊酯类对蜜蜂高毒的农药。
2.3.2 flowering bees. Jujube for typical entomophilous flower, rich nectar, fragrant. The bee is the best pollinators. Put the number of bees and jujube jujube area and the number of bees and each activity, the hives are evenly placed in zaoyuan, hive distance less than 300 m. Bees in 11 ℃, 16 ~ 29 ℃ is most active. Such as flowering wind speed, low temperature or precipitation, less bee activities, the effect is poor. In addition, zaoyuan put during the bees, to sevin, strain is strictly prohibited to bees high toxic pesticides.
2.3.3花期喷水和喷施蔗糖溶液。枣的授粉和花粉发芽与温度、湿度有关。我国北方枣区,花期常遇高温、干旱天气,易出现“焦花”现象。因此,花期喷水能增加空气湿度,降低气温,提高坐果率。一般年份喷水2~3次,严重干旱年份可喷3~5次。
2.3.3 flowering spraying and spraying sucrose solution. Date of pollination and pollen germination is related to temperature, humidity. Jujube region of northern China, flowering often meet high temperature, dry weather, easy to appear "JiaoHua" phenomenon. Therefore, flowering water can increase the air humidity, lower temperature, increasing fruit-bearing rate. Water year commonly 2 ~ 3 times, a severe drought year 3 ~ 5 times.
2.4喷施生长调节剂和微肥
2.4 spraying growth regulator and micronutrient fertilizer
赤霉素有刺激花粉萌发和子房膨大的作用,一般在盛花期
喷布10~20mg/kg赤霉素,每隔5~6d喷1次,可提高坐果率
1.5倍以上。盛花期喷布10~20mg/kg萘乙酸;花期和幼果期各喷1次10~20mg/kg 2,4-D,也可提高坐果率。在盛花期喷布0.05%~0.20%硼酸或0.3%硼酸钠可促进花粉管萌发,提高坐果率。盛花期喷布300mg/kg稀土、0.2%~0.3%硫酸锌、0.2%~0.3%硫酸亚铁等微肥,均有不同程度提高坐果率的作用。
Gibberellic acid has the effect of stimulation of pollen germination and ovary enlargement, general coated cloth injection in 10 to 20 mg/kg gibberellin, spray once every 5 ~ 6 d, can improve the fruit rate
1.5 times or more. Spray coated cloth 10 to 20 mg/kg (naphthalene acetic acid; Flowering and young fruit period each 1 times 10 to 20 mg/kg 2, 4-d, also can improve the fruit rate. Coated abrasive cloth is 0.05% ~ 0.20% boric acid or in 0.3% sodium borate can promote germination of the pollen tube, improve the fruit rate. Spray coated cloth 300 mg/kg, 0.2% ~ 0.3% rare earth zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and other micronutrient fertilizer (0.2% ~ 0.3%, to some extent the role of increasing fruit-bearing rate.
提高枣树坐果措施解决落花落果问题
1枣树落花落果的原因
1 Chinese jujube fallen petal fruit drop
1.1枣树本身的特性
1.1 Chinese jujube characteristics of itself
枣树的花芽是当年分化、当年形成,花量大,使得营养消耗偏多。在枣树的年生长周期中,花芽分化、枝条生长、开花坐果及幼果发育几乎同时进行,物候期严重重叠,各器官间养分竞争激烈,营养生长和生殖生长的矛盾尖锐,致使枣树落花、落果严重。
Jujube flower bud is differentiation, the formation, spend large amount, makes the nutrition cost more. Annual growth cycle in Chinese jujube, flower bud differentiation, growth, flowering, fruit branches and young fruit development are almost at the same time, phenophase serious overlap, each organ between
nutrient competition is intense, vegetative growth and reproductive growth of sharp contradictions, the jujube tree fallen petal, severe fruit drop.
1.2枣园的立地条件和管理水平
1.2 zaoyuan site conditions and management level
立地条件好、管理水平高、营养充足时枣树坐果率较高;光照不足,营养缺乏时落花落果严重。
Good site conditions, high management level, full of nutrition, jujube fruit rate is higher; When light is insufficient, nutritional deficiencies fallen petal fruit drop seriously.
1.3花期的气候条件
1.3 flowering of weather conditions
枣树开花需要一定的温度,最适温度为23~25℃,温度超过27℃、低于20℃则影响开花坐果。适宜湿度在70%~80%,
空气过于干燥,相对湿度低于40%~50%,影响坐果。花期多风、高温会出现“焦花”现象,影响花粉发育。低温(20℃以下)和阴雨天气,会出现雨水浸花,柱头分泌物被冲淡或流失,使花粉发芽率降低。
Jujube flower needs certain temperature, the optimum temperature is 23 ~ 25 ℃, the temperature is over 27 ℃, 20 ℃ below the blossom fruit. Suitable humidity was 70% ~ 70%, and the air is too dry, the relative humidity is below 40% ~ 40%, and affect the fruit. Flowering more than wind, high temperature will appear "JiaoHua" phenomenon, affected pollen development. Under low temperature (20 ℃) and wet weather, there will be rain soaked, stigma secretions dilution or loss, lower the pollen germination rate.
2提高坐果率的措施
Two measures of increasing fruit-bearing rate
2.1提高树体营养水平
2.1 improve the nutrition level of trees
2.1.1加强土肥水管理。立地条件较好的平地枣园,在春旱时应及时浇水,并与土壤施肥结合进行。施肥数量因土壤肥力、树体大小、树势强弱而异。一般1kg果施基肥
1.5~2.0kg。盛果期大树每株年施厩肥50kg、尿素0.5~1.0kg。适当施入磷钾肥。旱地枣园的水分管理主要是水保工程蓄水、覆盖地膜与中耕除草节水等。施肥主要是结合秋季深翻施基肥、趁雨或雨后追肥、种植绿肥和客压杂草等。山地枣园通常土层薄且土质较差,应整修梯田、刨树盘、穴贮肥水或炮震扩穴等方法改良土壤,提高树体营养水平。
2.1.1 strengthen soil water management. Good flat zaoyuan site conditions, when the spring drought should be timely watering, and combined with the soil fertilization. Fertilizer application amount for soil fertility, tree size, tree potential strength. General 1 kg basal dressing 1.5 ~ 2.0 kg. Provinces tree fym 50 kg per year, urea 0.5 ~ 1.0 kg. Plowing under appropriately. Upland jujube water
management is mainly water conservation project, covering plastic film and hoe weeding water saving, etc. Fertilizer is mainly combined with autumn commune basal dressing, before or after the rain the rain fertilizer, planting green manure and guest pressure weeds, etc. Mountain jujube thin soil layer and soil quality is poorer, usually should be renovated terraces, plane trees, enlarge hole to hole and water storage or cannon shock method such as soil improvement, improve the nutrition level of trees.
2.1.2合理整形修剪。枣树是喜光树种,合理修剪可以调整枣树生长和结果的关系,改善树冠的通风透光条件,促进花芽分化,提高坐果率。因此,修剪是枣树保花保果中不容忽视的技术措施之一。尤其是枣头的生长与花芽分化、开花结果的物候期重叠,应及时进行抹芽入枣头和二次枝摘心等。
2.1.2 reasonable pruning. Jujube is a very bright light tree species, rational pruning can adjust the relationship between Chinese jujube growth and as
a result, improving canopy ventilation pervious to light conditions, promote flower bud differentiation, improve fruit-bearing rate. Therefore, pruning is jujube flower and fruit in one of the technical measures that nots allow to ignore. Especially jujube growth and flower bud differentiation and flowering results of the phenological period of overlap, shall promptly carry out head and secondary branch sprouting into jujube pick heart, etc.
2.1.3防治病虫害。在果实生长发育过程中,许多病虫害可造成落花落果。通常造成大量落花落果的病害有枣锈病、枣铁皮病等;虫害有桃小食心虫、枣粘虫、枣尺蠖、金龟子、枣龟甲蜡蚧、枣叶壁虱等。加强病虫害防治,对于增强树势、促进坐果十分重要。
2.1.3 the prevention and control plant diseases and insect pests. In the process of fruit growth and development, many of the diseases and insect pests can cause falling fruit drop. Often cause a great deal of fallen petal fruit diseases have jujube rust,
date sheet, etc.; Pests have peach small armyworm budworm, jujube, jujube inchworm, dung beetles, jujube pest tortoiseshell wax, jujube leaf mite, etc. Strengthening prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, to strengthen, promote fruit tree potential is very important.
2.2调节营养分配
2.2 regulate nutrient allocation
2.2.1花期开甲。在开花和坐果的关键期进行开甲,可缓解地上部生长和开花坐果间的养分竞争,提高坐果率。枣树开甲时期一般在盛花期及幼果期,北方枣区大约在6月上旬和7月上中旬。首次开甲在距地面20cm处,先刮掉1圈老树皮,露出粉红色韧皮部后,酿酒设备用快刀绕树干上下环切2周,深达木质部,将韧皮组织切下剥去。整个环剥口宽窄要一致,刀口要平滑。剥口宽度以1个月内能完全愈合为度,一般0.5~1.0cm,小树和弱树宜窄,大树和壮树宜宽。
2.2.1 flowering open armour. Armor, in the critical
period of flowering and fruit can alleviate aboveground nutrient competition between growth and blossom fruit, improve the fruit rate. Jujube on coated and young fruit period, a period in the northern Chinese date area about occurrence peak in early June and July. Open at about 20 cm from the ground, for the first time to shave off a circle old bark, show pink phloem after the cut with a sharp knife around the trunk link up and down for 2 weeks, as deep as the xylem and the phloem tissue cutting strip. The whole ring strip width to be consistent, to smooth edge. Strip width mouth can completely healed within a month, for degree, generally 0.5 1.0 cm, small and weak trees should be narrow, the tree should be wide and strong tree.
开甲后不要用手或工具触及甲口部位的形成层,以保证甲口能及时愈合,同时应注意防止甲虫危害,一般采用涂药、抹泥或绑缚塑料条等方法进行甲口保护。
Don't by hand or after open a tool touch the cambium a mouth parts, to ensure a mouth can heal in time,
at the same time should pay attention to prevent beetle damage, generally USES coated, wipe mud or tied to a mouth protection method such as plastic article.
2.2.2生长枝摘心。摘心抑制营养生长,改善了营养生长和生殖生长的关系,改善了光合产物的分配,使养分相对集中于结果部位,从而提高坐果率。枣头摘心的时期一般是等枣头生长到一定节数后进行,一般枣头可留2~6个二次枝进行摘心。摘心强度因品种和树势而异,树势强的可重摘心,梨枣等木质化枣吊结果能力强的品种宜重摘心。二次枝摘心时间是随生长随摘心,摘心程度与其在一次枝上的位置等有关,对于重摘心的枣头,海吉布其上二次枝一般生长较长,二次枝可适当留长一些。枣头中下部二次枝可留6~9节,中上部二次枝可留3~5节。另外,枣吊也可随生长随摘心,对于生长势强的枣头上的枣吊,一般留40cm摘心,其他枣吊可留15~20cm摘心。
2.2.2 growth branch pick the heart. Pick heart inhibit vegetative growth, improve the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, improved the distribution of photosynthetic product,
make the nutrients relative to focus on results, thus improve fruit-bearing rate. Jujube head picking dates such as heart period usually grow to a certain section, after several dates head can keep commonly 2 ~ 6 secondary branch to pick the heart. Pick heart strength varies between species and tree potential, tree potential strong heart can be heavy to pick, LiZao lignification jujube hang results ability of varieties should be heavy heart. Secondary branch the heart time is increases with the increasing growth of the mind, heart and picked on a branch location and so on, for a heavy heart picked jujube head, secondary branch grows longer, its secondary branch can be appropriately to stay longer. Jujube secondary branch in the first part for 6 ~ 9 day, in the upper secondary branch can keep 3 ~ 5 day. Also, jujube crane can also increases with the increasing growth of heart, picked for strong growth potential over the heads of the jujube jujube hang, generally in 40 cm pick heart, other dates can leave 15 ~ 20 cm to pick a heart.
2.3创造良好的授粉条件
2.3 create a good pollination condition
2.3.1配置适宜的授粉树。多数枣品种能单性结实和自花结实。在生产实践中,单一品种种植的枣区大多能达到较高产量。但异花授粉能显着提高坐果率。尤其是有些品种雄蕊发育不良,花粉退化,则更需要配置授粉树。如金丝小枣附近有绵枣可提高坐果率;婆枣配置斑枣,义乌大枣配置马枣均有明显的增产效果。
2.3.1 configuration appropriate pollination tree. Most jujube varieties to parthenocarpy and strong the flowers. In production practice, a single varieties of jujube most area can achieve a higher yield. But cross-pollination can significantly improve fruit rate. Pollen degeneration, especially stamens dysplasia, some varieties are more need to configure the pollination tree. Such as near have a continous golden-silk jujube jujube fruit rate can be improved; Shiva spot jujube, jujube configuration yiwu horse jujube jujube configuration has the obvious effect to increase
production.
2.3.2花期放蜂。枣树为典型的虫媒花,花蜜丰富,香味浓。蜜蜂是最好的传粉媒介。枣园放蜂的数量与枣园的面积及每箱蜂的数量和活力有关,一般将蜂箱均匀地放在枣园中,蜂箱间距不超过300m。蜜蜂在11℃开始活动,16~29℃最活跃。如花期风速大、温度低或降雨,蜜蜂活动少,则效果差。另外,枣园放蜂期间,要严禁使用西维因、菊酯类对蜜蜂高毒的农药。
2.3.2 flowering bees. Jujube for typical entomophilous flower, rich nectar, fragrant. The bee is the best pollinators. Put the number of bees and jujube jujube area and the number of bees and each activity, the hives are evenly placed in zaoyuan, hive distance less than 300 m. Bees in 11 ℃, 16 ~ 29 ℃ is most active. Such as flowering wind speed, low temperature or precipitation, less bee activities, the effect is poor. In addition, zaoyuan put during the bees, to sevin, strain is strictly prohibited to bees high toxic pesticides.
2.3.3花期喷水和喷施蔗糖溶液。枣的授粉和花粉发芽与温度、湿度有关。我国北方枣区,花期常遇高温、干旱天气,易出现“焦花”现象。因此,花期喷水能增加空气湿度,降低气温,提高坐果率。一般年份喷水2~3次,严重干旱年份可喷3~5次。
2.3.3 flowering spraying and spraying sucrose solution. Date of pollination and pollen germination is related to temperature, humidity. Jujube region of northern China, flowering often meet high temperature, dry weather, easy to appear "JiaoHua" phenomenon. Therefore, flowering water can increase the air humidity, lower temperature, increasing fruit-bearing rate. Water year commonly 2 ~ 3 times, a severe drought year 3 ~ 5 times.
2.4喷施生长调节剂和微肥
2.4 spraying growth regulator and micronutrient fertilizer
赤霉素有刺激花粉萌发和子房膨大的作用,一般在盛花期
喷布10~20mg/kg赤霉素,每隔5~6d喷1次,可提高坐果率
1.5倍以上。盛花期喷布10~20mg/kg萘乙酸;花期和幼果期各喷1次10~20mg/kg 2,4-D,也可提高坐果率。在盛花期喷布0.05%~0.20%硼酸或0.3%硼酸钠可促进花粉管萌发,提高坐果率。盛花期喷布300mg/kg稀土、0.2%~0.3%硫酸锌、0.2%~0.3%硫酸亚铁等微肥,均有不同程度提高坐果率的作用。
Gibberellic acid has the effect of stimulation of pollen germination and ovary enlargement, general coated cloth injection in 10 to 20 mg/kg gibberellin, spray once every 5 ~ 6 d, can improve the fruit rate
1.5 times or more. Spray coated cloth 10 to 20 mg/kg (naphthalene acetic acid; Flowering and young fruit period each 1 times 10 to 20 mg/kg 2, 4-d, also can improve the fruit rate. Coated abrasive cloth is 0.05% ~ 0.20% boric acid or in 0.3% sodium borate can promote germination of the pollen tube, improve the fruit rate. Spray coated cloth 300 mg/kg, 0.2% ~ 0.3% rare earth zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and other micronutrient fertilizer (0.2% ~ 0.3%, to some extent the role of increasing fruit-bearing rate.