Course 1
直接引语和间接引语
一、人称与时态的变化：
e.g. “I am going to invite all my friends to have a get-together”, Lynne told me on the phone.
→Lynne told me on the phone that she was going to invite all her friends to have a get-together.
1、He said, “I’m cooking ”. _____________________________________________________________________ 2、“You are so smart”, Luna said to me.___________________________________________________________ 3、She said, “Mart have not heard from him since last week”.__________________________________________ 4、He said, “I saw her in the street”.______________________________________________________________ 5、He said, “I had finished my homework before supper”. ____________________________________________ 6、Lydia said, “I will go there after class”._________________________________________________________
二、指示代词、时间状语、方向性动词与情态动词的变化：
三、句式变化：
a. 疑问句：由疑问句转变而来的间接引语必须用_____________语序，句尾用______号。 b. 直接引语为一般疑问句或反义疑问句时，要改为_________________引导的宾语从句。 c. 选择疑问句用________________________作连接词引导。 d. 特殊疑问句用________________________作连接词引导。
1、He said, ”Do all of you buy presents on Christmas Day?” __________________________________________ 2、He asked, “You are interested in computer games, aren’t you?” ____________________________________ 3、I asked Sally, “Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic?” _________________________________ 4、 “What are your parents and where do they live?” the policeman asked me. ___________________________
宾语从句
连接词：
1、从属连词，在句中__________________成分，从属连词有______________________________________ 2、连接代词，在句中__________________成分，连接代词有______________________________________ 3、连接副词，在句中__________________成分，连接副词有______________________________________ 1、从属连词：
He told me __________________ he would go to America next year. I don’t know____________________ there will be a bus any more.
从属连词if , whether在宾语从句中的用法及区别 ① if和whether 在作“是否”解时, 一般可以互换
Nobody knows whether /if it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。 ②介词后只能用whether
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work . ③ whether 后可以加or not，但是if 不可以 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . ④ 在不定式前只能用whether I can’t decide whether to stay.
⑤动词discuss 后只能用whether 而不用if We discussed whether we should make a plan. ⑥避免歧异时, 我们常用whether 而不用if Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
⑦宾语从句为否定时，只能用if ，而不能用whether He considered if he shouldn't tell her the secret.
1)It depends on _______________________he is ready.
2)Tom asked me _______________________ I had read the book before.
3)Mom asked _______________________we would have dinner outside if there were visitors. 4)I can’t decide ________________________to stay.
5)I don’t care __________________________your car breaks down or not. 6）Tell me ___________________________ it is not going to rain, please.
2、连接代词
Do you know __________________ has won Red Alert game?
The book will show you ___________________ the best CEOs should know.
Have you determined _____________________ you should buy, the red one or the blue one?
3、连接副词
Could you please tell me ________________ you pronounce the word? I don’t know ________________ these new parts can be bought. He didn’t tell me _________________the party began.
可运用形式宾语it 代替的宾语从句
①动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候, 则需要用it 做形式宾语而将that 宾语从句后置。
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. We all find it important that we should make a quick decision. ②若宾语从句是wh-类, 则不可用it 代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
that 引导宾语从句时，一般可以省略，而以下情况不能省略： 1、介词except ,besides, in 等后跟that 引导的宾语从句时。 He stood still, except that his lips moved slightly. 2、That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。 I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves. 3、宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。
He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting. 4、当it 作形式宾语时。
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.
5、当that 引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that /this 时，常不可省略。 He said that that was not his book, but his sister’s.
6、宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that 可以省略，而其它的that 常不可省略。 I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye.
7、当when, who, what ,where ,why ,how 等引导的从句与that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。 I ’m sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life. 8、that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时。
That you could complete the project so soon I never thought. 9、当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
10、在动词add, agree, argue, complain, decide, hold, insist, learn, promise, suggest等之后的宾语从句的引导词that 需保留。
I complained that I had been unfairly treated. 我抱怨没有被公平对待。 11、在简短答语中当that 从句单独出现时，that 不可省略。 -What did he say at the meeting? -That he didn’t like the dessert.
12、当that 从句的状语紧跟在that 之后时，that 不可省略。 试比较：They told us that once again the situation was serious.
They told us once again that the situation was serious.
宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示意见或看法的词时, 并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时, 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来, 其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party. 而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jin, is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim 所杀的, 是不是? 时态：
当主句为现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响。
当主句为过去时：
①从句与主句同时发生，用_______________________________或________________________________ I only knew he ___________________________(study) in a western country, but I didn’t know what country he _____________(be) in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书, 可不知道是哪个国家。 ②从句发生在主句之前，用_______________________________
He told me that he ____________________________(tell) Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary 。
③从句发生在主句之后，用_______________________________
The reporter asked if the government _________________________(take) necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱。 ④如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句用一般现在时 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
※当宾语从句的引导词是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑问时, 不能按正常语序安排, 经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite writer this year? 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的作家。 练习:
一、将下面的句子变成间接引语
1．“These flowers are from Guangdong”, he said. _________________________________________ 2. “ Light travels faster than sound”, my teacher told me. __________________________________ 3．”Can they speak French?” I asked._______________________________________________________ 4．“Have you finished your homework yet? ”Mr. Li asked Jim._____________________________
二、whether/if专练
1、I don't know __________________________they will come to help us. 2、I am not interested in __________________________ you'll come or not.
3、We haven't settled the question of _______________________we'll renew our supplies of coal for factory. 4、I am not certain__________________________ the train will arrive on time. 5、She doesn't knows whether to get married now or wait.
6、We were discussing _________________________we should discuss the business with them. 7、I wonder _____________________________he couldn’t come tomorrow. 8、Please let me know ____________________________ you intend to come.
三、选择填空
1、I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you． A ．if ；Whether B．whether ；Whether C．if ；That D．if ；If 2、Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？ A ．what B．how C．whether D．where 3、Do you know where _________ now？
A ．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live 4、I can't understand _________ ．
A ．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean C ．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means 5、What did Mike say? He said ______________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 6、Tom asked my friend _____________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry 7、 Let me tell you ______________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 8、Could you tell me _____________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in 9、Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？
A ．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended 10、I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please ？
A ．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players C ．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are
Course 1
直接引语和间接引语
一、人称与时态的变化：
e.g. “I am going to invite all my friends to have a get-together”, Lynne told me on the phone.
→Lynne told me on the phone that she was going to invite all her friends to have a get-together.
1、He said, “I’m cooking ”. _____________________________________________________________________ 2、“You are so smart”, Luna said to me.___________________________________________________________ 3、She said, “Mart have not heard from him since last week”.__________________________________________ 4、He said, “I saw her in the street”.______________________________________________________________ 5、He said, “I had finished my homework before supper”. ____________________________________________ 6、Lydia said, “I will go there after class”._________________________________________________________
二、指示代词、时间状语、方向性动词与情态动词的变化：
三、句式变化：
a. 疑问句：由疑问句转变而来的间接引语必须用_____________语序，句尾用______号。 b. 直接引语为一般疑问句或反义疑问句时，要改为_________________引导的宾语从句。 c. 选择疑问句用________________________作连接词引导。 d. 特殊疑问句用________________________作连接词引导。
1、He said, ”Do all of you buy presents on Christmas Day?” __________________________________________ 2、He asked, “You are interested in computer games, aren’t you?” ____________________________________ 3、I asked Sally, “Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic?” _________________________________ 4、 “What are your parents and where do they live?” the policeman asked me. ___________________________
宾语从句
连接词：
1、从属连词，在句中__________________成分，从属连词有______________________________________ 2、连接代词，在句中__________________成分，连接代词有______________________________________ 3、连接副词，在句中__________________成分，连接副词有______________________________________ 1、从属连词：
He told me __________________ he would go to America next year. I don’t know____________________ there will be a bus any more.
从属连词if , whether在宾语从句中的用法及区别 ① if和whether 在作“是否”解时, 一般可以互换
Nobody knows whether /if it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。 ②介词后只能用whether
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work . ③ whether 后可以加or not，但是if 不可以 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . ④ 在不定式前只能用whether I can’t decide whether to stay.
⑤动词discuss 后只能用whether 而不用if We discussed whether we should make a plan. ⑥避免歧异时, 我们常用whether 而不用if Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
⑦宾语从句为否定时，只能用if ，而不能用whether He considered if he shouldn't tell her the secret.
1)It depends on _______________________he is ready.
2)Tom asked me _______________________ I had read the book before.
3)Mom asked _______________________we would have dinner outside if there were visitors. 4)I can’t decide ________________________to stay.
5)I don’t care __________________________your car breaks down or not. 6）Tell me ___________________________ it is not going to rain, please.
2、连接代词
Do you know __________________ has won Red Alert game?
The book will show you ___________________ the best CEOs should know.
Have you determined _____________________ you should buy, the red one or the blue one?
3、连接副词
Could you please tell me ________________ you pronounce the word? I don’t know ________________ these new parts can be bought. He didn’t tell me _________________the party began.
可运用形式宾语it 代替的宾语从句
①动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候, 则需要用it 做形式宾语而将that 宾语从句后置。
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. We all find it important that we should make a quick decision. ②若宾语从句是wh-类, 则不可用it 代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
that 引导宾语从句时，一般可以省略，而以下情况不能省略： 1、介词except ,besides, in 等后跟that 引导的宾语从句时。 He stood still, except that his lips moved slightly. 2、That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。 I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves. 3、宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。
He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting. 4、当it 作形式宾语时。
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.
5、当that 引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that /this 时，常不可省略。 He said that that was not his book, but his sister’s.
6、宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that 可以省略，而其它的that 常不可省略。 I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye.
7、当when, who, what ,where ,why ,how 等引导的从句与that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。 I ’m sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life. 8、that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时。
That you could complete the project so soon I never thought. 9、当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
10、在动词add, agree, argue, complain, decide, hold, insist, learn, promise, suggest等之后的宾语从句的引导词that 需保留。
I complained that I had been unfairly treated. 我抱怨没有被公平对待。 11、在简短答语中当that 从句单独出现时，that 不可省略。 -What did he say at the meeting? -That he didn’t like the dessert.
12、当that 从句的状语紧跟在that 之后时，that 不可省略。 试比较：They told us that once again the situation was serious.
They told us once again that the situation was serious.
宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示意见或看法的词时, 并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时, 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来, 其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party. 而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jin, is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim 所杀的, 是不是? 时态：
当主句为现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响。
当主句为过去时：
①从句与主句同时发生，用_______________________________或________________________________ I only knew he ___________________________(study) in a western country, but I didn’t know what country he _____________(be) in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书, 可不知道是哪个国家。 ②从句发生在主句之前，用_______________________________
He told me that he ____________________________(tell) Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary 。
③从句发生在主句之后，用_______________________________
The reporter asked if the government _________________________(take) necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱。 ④如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句用一般现在时 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
※当宾语从句的引导词是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑问时, 不能按正常语序安排, 经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite writer this year? 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的作家。 练习:
一、将下面的句子变成间接引语
1．“These flowers are from Guangdong”, he said. _________________________________________ 2. “ Light travels faster than sound”, my teacher told me. __________________________________ 3．”Can they speak French?” I asked._______________________________________________________ 4．“Have you finished your homework yet? ”Mr. Li asked Jim._____________________________
二、whether/if专练
1、I don't know __________________________they will come to help us. 2、I am not interested in __________________________ you'll come or not.
3、We haven't settled the question of _______________________we'll renew our supplies of coal for factory. 4、I am not certain__________________________ the train will arrive on time. 5、She doesn't knows whether to get married now or wait.
6、We were discussing _________________________we should discuss the business with them. 7、I wonder _____________________________he couldn’t come tomorrow. 8、Please let me know ____________________________ you intend to come.
三、选择填空
1、I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you． A ．if ；Whether B．whether ；Whether C．if ；That D．if ；If 2、Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？ A ．what B．how C．whether D．where 3、Do you know where _________ now？
A ．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live 4、I can't understand _________ ．
A ．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean C ．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means 5、What did Mike say? He said ______________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 6、Tom asked my friend _____________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry 7、 Let me tell you ______________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 8、Could you tell me _____________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in 9、Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？
A ．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended 10、I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please ？
A ．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players C ．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are