写作技能步步高
基本句型一：主语+系动词+表语Ｓ＋ｖ＋ｐ
系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。系动词有：
1. ，系动词be .
2, 表感官的系动词。 如look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear 等
3，表变化的系动词。 如become, get, turn, grow, come, go, fall, run 等
4，表持续的系动词。 如remain, keep, stay, stand, rest, lie, hold 等
5，可带名词作表语的系动词。如be, become, sound, prove, remain, turn (该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如He turned teacher.)
根据表语的不同，可分为以下几种情况：
1， 名词) 。
2， 名词性物主代词) 。 3， 形容词) 。 4， 介词短语)
5， 分词形容词)
6， 分词形容词)
7， 不定式)
8， 动名词) 9， 表语从句)
10, The reason for my failure was 表语从句)
练习：用“主语+系动词+表语”的句型翻译下列句子。 1， 这台机器的情况良好。
2， 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。
3， 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
4， 真相是他失踪了。（表语从句） 5， 他突然病倒了。
6， 你长得比以前高了。
7， 他长大后当了教师。
8， 那个男人被证明是个贼。
9， 他失业了。
10， 她的工作是在幼儿园（in kindergarten ）照看小孩。
the
基本句型二：主语+不及物动词S+V
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词，介词短语，状语从句等，如： The rain stopped.
The old man waited.
此句型的扩展：
1， 主语+不及物动词+副词状语
The machine works smoothly.
He listened attentively.
2, 主语+不及物动词+不定式目的状语
They stopped to take a short rest.
He worked hard to make his dream come true. 3,There+不及物动词+主语
There comes the bus.
练习：用“主语+不及物动词”的句型翻译下列句子。 1， 太阳在照耀着。
2， 月亮升起了。
3， 我们勤奋学习。
4， 我们大家都呼吸，吃和喝。
5， 铃声响了。（There ）
6， 五年前我住在北京。
7， 他昨晚回家很晚。
基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语Ｓ＋Ｖ＋０
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意思。如：
Your radio needs repairing.
根据宾语的不同，可分为以下几种情况：
1， 主语+及物动词+名词/代词
Mary enjoys music.
2, 主语+及物动词+不定式
I want to get your help.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：attempt, dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, would like等。
3. 主语+及物动词+疑问词+不定式
I don’t know what to do.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等
4. 主语+及物动词+动名词
The old man enjoys living in the countryside.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid,
ban, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can ’t help, look forward to 等
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语从句
I don’t think he’s right.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：admit, believe, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得) ，hear(听说) ， hope, imagine, know, mean, mind(当心) ， notice, request, report, say, show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder等
练习：用“主谓宾”的句型翻译下列句子。 1， 他拒绝帮他们的忙。
2， 他承认犯了错误。
3， 我想喝杯茶。
4， 他不介意受到老师的责备。
5， 医生已决定什么时候给病人做手术。
6， 我认为他今晚不会来了。
我们期待早日收到你的来信。
基本句型四：主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾S+v+IO+DO 此句型的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般说来，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，
有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上介词to, for或of.
句型四的扩展：
1， 主语+及物动词+人（间宾）+物（直宾） Tom left Mary a message.
This will save you much time.
2. 主语+及物动词+物（直宾）+to +人（间宾） He offered a job to her.
I owe my success to you.
归纳： 间接宾语前要用to 的常用动词有：give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand等
3．主语+及物动词+物（直宾）+for+人（间宾） He ordered some food for the two of them.
Mother made a nice dress for the little girl.
归纳：间接宾语前要用for 的常用动词有：buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, play, save等
4，主语+及物动词+人（间宾）+of +物（直宾） They robbed the old man of his money.
He ’s warned me of the danger.
归纳：直接宾语前加介词of 的常用动词有：cure, convince(使信服) ，deprive(剥夺) ， inform, rob, rid(摆
脱，赶走，清除) ，warn.
练习：用“主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾”的句型翻译下列句子。
1， 太阳给了我们光和热。
2， Mr Smith 教我们数学。
3， 那个老人给我们指路。
4， 请借给我些钱，行么？
5， Mary 写了封信给Tom.
6， Mary 把钱包交给校长了。
基本句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补S+V+O+OC 该句型中的动词只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，如名词、形容词、副词（少见）动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在“意义上”有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语与宾语补足语在意义上是一种主谓关系。根据宾补得不同可分为以下几种情况：
1，主语+及物动词+宾语+名词
President appointed John manager of Marketing. 归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make, elect, appoint, nominate（提名）,crown （加冕）, think, consider, leave 等
2, 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词
The news made me happy.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：make, paint, dye, get(ready), cut(short), set(free),keep, drive(mad), find, want, hold(responsible), wish, like, see, imagine, turn, beat(black and blue), boil(hard), suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等
3，主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语
I found myself in dark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里 4，主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式
（1） He encouraged her to work harder.
归纳： 要求用to do作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等
（2） The boss made him work ten hours a day. 归纳： 要求用do 作宾补的动词有：使役动词let, make, have 等； 感官动词observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等
注意：若变为被动语态，其后的宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了，此时作主语补足语的不定式要带to ，如：
He was made to work overtime.(被动语态) 老板叫他加班。
5，主语+及物动词+宾语+分词
Don ’t leave the water running after you have washed your hands.
I heard my name called.
注意：现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等 7， 主语+谓语+it +宾补+真正宾语
（1） sb +谓语+it +adj./n. +to do sth
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
(2)sb +谓语+it +adj./n. +that从句
He believed it unlikely that she would agree.
(3)sb +谓语+it +adj./n. +doing sth.
She thinks it no point practicing so much.
我认为练习这么多没有意义
说明：（1）该句型中的真正宾语通常是不定式、动名词、宾语从句。（2）能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider, believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。（3）用doing
作真正宾语时，其补足语通常是useless, senseless, no use, no good, no sense, no point等，表示“无益或没有意义”。
练习：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补”句型翻译下列句子。
1， 那噪音快要使我发疯了。
2， 我们要使学校变得更美丽。
3， 他请我们参加做游戏。
4， 我要你把真相告诉我。
5， 明天我要找人来修理机器。
6， 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
7， 我们必须保持身体健康。（in good condition） 8， 他每个月理一次发。
9， 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
基本句型六：There be结构
此句型是由“There +be +主语+定语状语 同位语”构成，用以表达“存在”或“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时时态和情态变化。如：
There will be a meeting tomorrow.
There used to be a well in the village.
注意：此句型有时不用be 动词，而用live, stand, come,go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等不及物动词。如： There stands the Statue of Liberty at New York Harbour. 自由女神像矗立在纽约港口。
There be句型的扩展：
1. There +be+主语+（for sb）to do
There are still many things for us to do.
2. There +be+主语+现在分词
There were many students holding an opposite view.
3. There+be+主语+过去分词
There were trees planted by students all over the mountain.
4. There+be+主语+定语从句/同位语从句
There are many people who don’t agree.
不同时态、情态的there be 句型：
1． There used to be…曾经有。。。（但现在没有了）
2． There is /are going to be…将有。。。
3． There has been…已有。。。
4． There happens to be…. 碰巧有。。。
5． There seem(s)/appear(s) to be…好像有。。。
6． There is/are likely to be很可能有。。。。
7． There must be…. 一定有。。。
练习：请用there be句型翻译下列句子
1， 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 2， 二月份有二十八天。、
3， 天气预报说下午有大风。
4， 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
5， 站前这儿有家电影院的。
6， 恰好那时房里没人。
7， 从前，在海边的一个存在里住着一位老渔夫。 8， 山脚似乎有人在砍柴。
9， 在这个山洞前面长着一颗高大的松树。
-基本句型练习答案
一．
1, This machine is in god condition.. 2,Silk feels soft and smooth. 3,He seemed interested in the book.. 4,The truth is that he is missing. 5,He has suddenly fallen ill. 6,You have grown taller than before. 7,He became a teacher when he grew up. 8,He is out of work.
9,Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten.
二．
1，The sun was shining. 2,The moon has risen.
3,We all breathe, eat and drink. 4,There goes the bell.
5,I lived in Beijing five years ago. 6,He returned home late last night. 三．
1,He refused to help them.
2,He admitted making a mistake./that he had made a mistake.
3,I would like a cup of tea. 4,He didn’t mind being blamed by the teacher. 5,The doctor has decided when to operate on the patient. 6,I don’t think he will come tonight. 7,We look forward to receiving your reply soon.
四．
1,The sun gives us light and warmth. 2,Mr Smith teaches us math. 3,The old man showed us the way. 4,Please lend me some money, will you? 5,Mary wrote Tom a letter. 6,Mary turned in the wallet to the headmaster. 五．
1,We must make our school more beautiful. 2,He asked us to join in the game.
3,I want you to tell me the truth. 4,I will have the machine repaired tomorrow. 5,We hear him reading English aloud every morning.
6,We must keep our health in good condition. 7,He has his hair cut once a month. 8,I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
9,I believe it no use talking with that man.
六．
1，There ’s a music teacher and a painting teacher in this school.
2,There ’re 28 days in February.
3,The weather forecast says that there’ll be strong winds in the afternoon.
4,The lights are on. There must be someone in the office.
5,There used to be a cinema here before the war.
6,There happened to be no one in the house.
7,Once upon a time, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea,.
8,There stands a tall pine tree in front of the cave.
写作技能步步高
基本句型一：主语+系动词+表语Ｓ＋ｖ＋ｐ
系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。系动词有：
1. ，系动词be .
2, 表感官的系动词。 如look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear 等
3，表变化的系动词。 如become, get, turn, grow, come, go, fall, run 等
4，表持续的系动词。 如remain, keep, stay, stand, rest, lie, hold 等
5，可带名词作表语的系动词。如be, become, sound, prove, remain, turn (该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如He turned teacher.)
根据表语的不同，可分为以下几种情况：
1， 名词) 。
2， 名词性物主代词) 。 3， 形容词) 。 4， 介词短语)
5， 分词形容词)
6， 分词形容词)
7， 不定式)
8， 动名词) 9， 表语从句)
10, The reason for my failure was 表语从句)
练习：用“主语+系动词+表语”的句型翻译下列句子。 1， 这台机器的情况良好。
2， 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。
3， 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
4， 真相是他失踪了。（表语从句） 5， 他突然病倒了。
6， 你长得比以前高了。
7， 他长大后当了教师。
8， 那个男人被证明是个贼。
9， 他失业了。
10， 她的工作是在幼儿园（in kindergarten ）照看小孩。
the
基本句型二：主语+不及物动词S+V
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词，介词短语，状语从句等，如： The rain stopped.
The old man waited.
此句型的扩展：
1， 主语+不及物动词+副词状语
The machine works smoothly.
He listened attentively.
2, 主语+不及物动词+不定式目的状语
They stopped to take a short rest.
He worked hard to make his dream come true. 3,There+不及物动词+主语
There comes the bus.
练习：用“主语+不及物动词”的句型翻译下列句子。 1， 太阳在照耀着。
2， 月亮升起了。
3， 我们勤奋学习。
4， 我们大家都呼吸，吃和喝。
5， 铃声响了。（There ）
6， 五年前我住在北京。
7， 他昨晚回家很晚。
基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语Ｓ＋Ｖ＋０
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意思。如：
Your radio needs repairing.
根据宾语的不同，可分为以下几种情况：
1， 主语+及物动词+名词/代词
Mary enjoys music.
2, 主语+及物动词+不定式
I want to get your help.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：attempt, dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, would like等。
3. 主语+及物动词+疑问词+不定式
I don’t know what to do.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等
4. 主语+及物动词+动名词
The old man enjoys living in the countryside.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid,
ban, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can ’t help, look forward to 等
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语从句
I don’t think he’s right.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：admit, believe, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得) ，hear(听说) ， hope, imagine, know, mean, mind(当心) ， notice, request, report, say, show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder等
练习：用“主谓宾”的句型翻译下列句子。 1， 他拒绝帮他们的忙。
2， 他承认犯了错误。
3， 我想喝杯茶。
4， 他不介意受到老师的责备。
5， 医生已决定什么时候给病人做手术。
6， 我认为他今晚不会来了。
我们期待早日收到你的来信。
基本句型四：主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾S+v+IO+DO 此句型的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般说来，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，
有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上介词to, for或of.
句型四的扩展：
1， 主语+及物动词+人（间宾）+物（直宾） Tom left Mary a message.
This will save you much time.
2. 主语+及物动词+物（直宾）+to +人（间宾） He offered a job to her.
I owe my success to you.
归纳： 间接宾语前要用to 的常用动词有：give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand等
3．主语+及物动词+物（直宾）+for+人（间宾） He ordered some food for the two of them.
Mother made a nice dress for the little girl.
归纳：间接宾语前要用for 的常用动词有：buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, play, save等
4，主语+及物动词+人（间宾）+of +物（直宾） They robbed the old man of his money.
He ’s warned me of the danger.
归纳：直接宾语前加介词of 的常用动词有：cure, convince(使信服) ，deprive(剥夺) ， inform, rob, rid(摆
脱，赶走，清除) ，warn.
练习：用“主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾”的句型翻译下列句子。
1， 太阳给了我们光和热。
2， Mr Smith 教我们数学。
3， 那个老人给我们指路。
4， 请借给我些钱，行么？
5， Mary 写了封信给Tom.
6， Mary 把钱包交给校长了。
基本句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补S+V+O+OC 该句型中的动词只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，如名词、形容词、副词（少见）动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在“意义上”有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语与宾语补足语在意义上是一种主谓关系。根据宾补得不同可分为以下几种情况：
1，主语+及物动词+宾语+名词
President appointed John manager of Marketing. 归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make, elect, appoint, nominate（提名）,crown （加冕）, think, consider, leave 等
2, 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词
The news made me happy.
归纳： 常用于此句型的动词有：make, paint, dye, get(ready), cut(short), set(free),keep, drive(mad), find, want, hold(responsible), wish, like, see, imagine, turn, beat(black and blue), boil(hard), suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等
3，主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语
I found myself in dark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里 4，主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式
（1） He encouraged her to work harder.
归纳： 要求用to do作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等
（2） The boss made him work ten hours a day. 归纳： 要求用do 作宾补的动词有：使役动词let, make, have 等； 感官动词observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等
注意：若变为被动语态，其后的宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了，此时作主语补足语的不定式要带to ，如：
He was made to work overtime.(被动语态) 老板叫他加班。
5，主语+及物动词+宾语+分词
Don ’t leave the water running after you have washed your hands.
I heard my name called.
注意：现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等 7， 主语+谓语+it +宾补+真正宾语
（1） sb +谓语+it +adj./n. +to do sth
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
(2)sb +谓语+it +adj./n. +that从句
He believed it unlikely that she would agree.
(3)sb +谓语+it +adj./n. +doing sth.
She thinks it no point practicing so much.
我认为练习这么多没有意义
说明：（1）该句型中的真正宾语通常是不定式、动名词、宾语从句。（2）能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider, believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。（3）用doing
作真正宾语时，其补足语通常是useless, senseless, no use, no good, no sense, no point等，表示“无益或没有意义”。
练习：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补”句型翻译下列句子。
1， 那噪音快要使我发疯了。
2， 我们要使学校变得更美丽。
3， 他请我们参加做游戏。
4， 我要你把真相告诉我。
5， 明天我要找人来修理机器。
6， 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
7， 我们必须保持身体健康。（in good condition） 8， 他每个月理一次发。
9， 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
基本句型六：There be结构
此句型是由“There +be +主语+定语状语 同位语”构成，用以表达“存在”或“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时时态和情态变化。如：
There will be a meeting tomorrow.
There used to be a well in the village.
注意：此句型有时不用be 动词，而用live, stand, come,go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等不及物动词。如： There stands the Statue of Liberty at New York Harbour. 自由女神像矗立在纽约港口。
There be句型的扩展：
1. There +be+主语+（for sb）to do
There are still many things for us to do.
2. There +be+主语+现在分词
There were many students holding an opposite view.
3. There+be+主语+过去分词
There were trees planted by students all over the mountain.
4. There+be+主语+定语从句/同位语从句
There are many people who don’t agree.
不同时态、情态的there be 句型：
1． There used to be…曾经有。。。（但现在没有了）
2． There is /are going to be…将有。。。
3． There has been…已有。。。
4． There happens to be…. 碰巧有。。。
5． There seem(s)/appear(s) to be…好像有。。。
6． There is/are likely to be很可能有。。。。
7． There must be…. 一定有。。。
练习：请用there be句型翻译下列句子
1， 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 2， 二月份有二十八天。、
3， 天气预报说下午有大风。
4， 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
5， 站前这儿有家电影院的。
6， 恰好那时房里没人。
7， 从前，在海边的一个存在里住着一位老渔夫。 8， 山脚似乎有人在砍柴。
9， 在这个山洞前面长着一颗高大的松树。
-基本句型练习答案
一．
1, This machine is in god condition.. 2,Silk feels soft and smooth. 3,He seemed interested in the book.. 4,The truth is that he is missing. 5,He has suddenly fallen ill. 6,You have grown taller than before. 7,He became a teacher when he grew up. 8,He is out of work.
9,Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten.
二．
1，The sun was shining. 2,The moon has risen.
3,We all breathe, eat and drink. 4,There goes the bell.
5,I lived in Beijing five years ago. 6,He returned home late last night. 三．
1,He refused to help them.
2,He admitted making a mistake./that he had made a mistake.
3,I would like a cup of tea. 4,He didn’t mind being blamed by the teacher. 5,The doctor has decided when to operate on the patient. 6,I don’t think he will come tonight. 7,We look forward to receiving your reply soon.
四．
1,The sun gives us light and warmth. 2,Mr Smith teaches us math. 3,The old man showed us the way. 4,Please lend me some money, will you? 5,Mary wrote Tom a letter. 6,Mary turned in the wallet to the headmaster. 五．
1,We must make our school more beautiful. 2,He asked us to join in the game.
3,I want you to tell me the truth. 4,I will have the machine repaired tomorrow. 5,We hear him reading English aloud every morning.
6,We must keep our health in good condition. 7,He has his hair cut once a month. 8,I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
9,I believe it no use talking with that man.
六．
1，There ’s a music teacher and a painting teacher in this school.
2,There ’re 28 days in February.
3,The weather forecast says that there’ll be strong winds in the afternoon.
4,The lights are on. There must be someone in the office.
5,There used to be a cinema here before the war.
6,There happened to be no one in the house.
7,Once upon a time, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea,.
8,There stands a tall pine tree in front of the cave.