中考英语知识点
一、易混词组辨析
look after / look sth up / look for / look out / look at / look over(检查) put out / put up / put on / put sth away / put off / pick up / pick in all 总共、总计/ after all 毕竟、终究/ at all
take off / get off / get out 逃脱;泄露
turn off / turn on / turn up / turn down / turn in 归还、上交
look for / work for / run for竞选 / search for
give out 分发;发出(光、声音等)/ give up / give away赠送;泄露/ give in / give off 发出(光、声音等),散发出(气味)
find out / make sure / try out试验, 选拔
break in / break into / break out /break down
dress sb up / cheer sb up /
think of / think about 考虑/ think over
go on holiday /be on holiday /go for a holiday
dream of /dream about
look down on
drop behind 落后 drop in /by(顺便走访某人)
work out /算出;弄懂;想出;解决;产生结果
remind 提醒;使想起remind sb to do sth; remind sb of sth offer 提供 offer sth
matter 重要
二、虚拟语气
用在动词 insist (坚持要求), suggest (建议), order (命令), propose (建议), demand (要求)等后面的宾语从句用: (should ) + 动词原形 (如果上述动词不表示主张、建议等时,而表示其他意义时,仍用陈述语气。)
wish 后从句 + (动词过去时、were )
It’s ( high) time that… + (动词过去时 )
It’s the second/third time that + (完成时)
It is time that…从句谓语动词用过去时
wish + 从句:表现在的愿望—— 过去时
表将来的愿望——过去将来
表过去的愿望—— 过去完成 三、倒装句
全部倒装:
Ø there be句型
Ø here, there, now, then, in, out 等副词置于句首时,主谓倒装,但如果主语是人称代词时,则不倒装。
部分倒装 :
Ø so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时。
Ø only+状语置于句首:Only through this method can we win. Ø 含有否定意义的词置于句首:hardly, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little: Never had I heard that.
Ø So +形容词或副词开头的句子,So heavy is the box that he
cannot carry it.
四、情态动词 ◎表―可能‖:肯定句中,may
表示实际的、马上能应验的具体的可能性; can 表示理论上的、按常理推断的、抽象的可能性。否定句中,may not 也许不 ;can not 不可能
◎表―推测‖ 有把握程度递增:
might –_may – could – can – should –
ought to – would – will – must
◎表请求、允许、允诺
当你自己是决策者,给对方或第三者以命令、警告、允诺或威胁时,要用shall。此外当宣布法律、规定时,也要用shall。
You shall leave the room at once, and he also shall.
n Shall I /we / he / they…? Would you…? Could /Might I …?在请求允许时使用could 或might 更显礼貌,但在表示允许某人
做某事时,通常用can / may ,或其他更温和的回答方式:Yes,
please./ I’d rather you didn’t. I am afraid not. You’d better not
◎表示必要性
must 表―必须‖、否定是―不许‖ ―绝对禁止‖着重表示客观上的―必须‖,如其他人、法律、自然规律、政府要求做的事。
n don’t have to / don’t need to do sth / needn’t do 表不必
n should 表必要性,意为―(义务上)应该,比must弱。
详解
1、can / could / be able to
1)表能力:表示现在的或一般的能力时,can比be able to更普遍。一般的能力即你无论什么时间想做就能做到的能力。
cannot / can 不能表示是否做成了这件事。表示成功地做了某事(尤其是指在过去的某一时间)一般要用 was/ were able to。was / were able to表示在通过努力后才能达到的能力。相当于managed to do something / succeeded in doing sth
表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/were able to,而不能用could。
2)表推测 (可能性):所谓客观的(理论的)可能性, 即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生,此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。 can可用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性;而表示具体事情实际发生的可能
性时, can 一般不用于肯定句。
Accident can happen on such rainy days.
Fire can / could be dangerous if we are not careful
3)客观(理论的)的可能性can 4)具体事情实际发生的可能性
5)表请求、允许、允诺 6)表必要性
2、may, might
1)表推测,意为―可能、也许‖,用于肯定句中。
2)表请求、许可,意为―可以‖。3)表祝愿 4)may well 很可能
5)may as well 比had better 弱,勉强、迁就、无奈:―还是…的好, 不妨‖
3、must , have to
1). 表―必须‖ 2). 表 ― 推测‖
3.) 表―偏要‖
The car must break down just we were starting our holidays.
4、shall, should
1.) 表建议或征求对方同意。
2.) 表说话人的承诺、指示或命令。
3)表法律、规章上的―必须‖。
4)表示道义上的―应该‖、―应当‖。
5.)表示推测上的―应该‖、―可能‖。
5、Should
1)应当。You shouldn’t drink and drive.
2)该,可以。Should I call him and apologize?
3)(预期)可能,应该会。The roads should be less crowded today.
4)(与预期相反)本应。The bus should have arrived 10 minutes ago.
5)(表示虚拟结果)就将。
If I were asked to work on Sundays, I should resign.
6)(在间接引语中表示shall的过去时)
I asked him what time he should come
6、should, ought to
1)在表示―义务‖或―职责‖、―推论‖时含义相同。
2)表示―应该‖时,一般也可以通用,ought to 语气更强些,强调―有责任、有义务‖做某事,或―按道理应该如何‖; 与must不同,它不涉及说话人的权威,也与have to 不同,它也不涉及外界的权威。 should 含有―劝告、建议‖的语气,即―按我的想法应该如何‖的意思should & ought to
3)表―推测‖时,可译为―可能、该、估计、按理应当‖
7、will, would
1)表意愿
2) 表习惯:表示习惯性、重复性或典型性的动作。用一般现在时表示习惯性、重复性动作时,强调―描述性‖,而使用will+ 动词原形则在于强调―预断性‖
3)表规律 4)表推测(想必、也许、大概、可能)
5) 表习惯性动作 6)表执意、坚持 7) 表推测 8) 表礼貌
9、need, dare既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。
1)dare 除了与need 相同的用法外,还有一些助动词和实义动词用法的混合现象。如:
I daren’t quarrel with them.
I don’t dare quarrel (to) with them
10、完成时连用及补充
1)should have done / ought to have done 表示应该做而未做 (往往含有批评、责备之意)
2) ought not to have done ―本不应该做某事但实际上却做了‖
即指―某人做了傻事、错事或蠢事‖因而,往往含有批评、责备
之意。
3) must have done 表对过去事实的肯定推测
4) could have done 表示本可以做某事
5) 表推测:把握大:must (肯定)can’t (否定) can (客观性推测)
6) 把握小:may / might may not
◎练习
1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____
be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
6. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he_____not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at
the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
1. B 从第二个分句―他太矮了‖可以推知说话者持否定态度,needn’t意思是―没有必要‖,与语境不符。
2. C 根据句意―我已经告诉她怎样到那儿,但是或许我应该给她写下来‖可知,说话者含有―后悔、遗憾‖的意味,应使用―情态动词+完成式‖形式,―must+完成式‖表示对过去的肯定推测,―should+完成式‖才表示虚拟意义。
3. C 根据第二分句―否则的话他就会给我打电话了‖可知―Jack肯定还没到‖,―can’t+完成式‖意思是―根本不可能‖。
4. A 从第二分句可知,这是妇女和儿童专用候车室,因此你―不准‖坐在这儿。mustn’t表示―禁止,不准‖。
5. B can在此表示许可。
6. D 从后一句―他喜欢开车‖可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测,can not的语气太绝对,意思是―根本不可能‖。
7. D shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩,意思是―竟然‖。
9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will;否定回答用I won’t。
10. D 根据句意―我今天上午在会议室没见到她‖, 所以―她根本不可能在会上发言‖。表示―根本不可能‖用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。
中考英语知识点
一、易混词组辨析
look after / look sth up / look for / look out / look at / look over(检查) put out / put up / put on / put sth away / put off / pick up / pick in all 总共、总计/ after all 毕竟、终究/ at all
take off / get off / get out 逃脱;泄露
turn off / turn on / turn up / turn down / turn in 归还、上交
look for / work for / run for竞选 / search for
give out 分发;发出(光、声音等)/ give up / give away赠送;泄露/ give in / give off 发出(光、声音等),散发出(气味)
find out / make sure / try out试验, 选拔
break in / break into / break out /break down
dress sb up / cheer sb up /
think of / think about 考虑/ think over
go on holiday /be on holiday /go for a holiday
dream of /dream about
look down on
drop behind 落后 drop in /by(顺便走访某人)
work out /算出;弄懂;想出;解决;产生结果
remind 提醒;使想起remind sb to do sth; remind sb of sth offer 提供 offer sth
matter 重要
二、虚拟语气
用在动词 insist (坚持要求), suggest (建议), order (命令), propose (建议), demand (要求)等后面的宾语从句用: (should ) + 动词原形 (如果上述动词不表示主张、建议等时,而表示其他意义时,仍用陈述语气。)
wish 后从句 + (动词过去时、were )
It’s ( high) time that… + (动词过去时 )
It’s the second/third time that + (完成时)
It is time that…从句谓语动词用过去时
wish + 从句:表现在的愿望—— 过去时
表将来的愿望——过去将来
表过去的愿望—— 过去完成 三、倒装句
全部倒装:
Ø there be句型
Ø here, there, now, then, in, out 等副词置于句首时,主谓倒装,但如果主语是人称代词时,则不倒装。
部分倒装 :
Ø so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时。
Ø only+状语置于句首:Only through this method can we win. Ø 含有否定意义的词置于句首:hardly, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little: Never had I heard that.
Ø So +形容词或副词开头的句子,So heavy is the box that he
cannot carry it.
四、情态动词 ◎表―可能‖:肯定句中,may
表示实际的、马上能应验的具体的可能性; can 表示理论上的、按常理推断的、抽象的可能性。否定句中,may not 也许不 ;can not 不可能
◎表―推测‖ 有把握程度递增:
might –_may – could – can – should –
ought to – would – will – must
◎表请求、允许、允诺
当你自己是决策者,给对方或第三者以命令、警告、允诺或威胁时,要用shall。此外当宣布法律、规定时,也要用shall。
You shall leave the room at once, and he also shall.
n Shall I /we / he / they…? Would you…? Could /Might I …?在请求允许时使用could 或might 更显礼貌,但在表示允许某人
做某事时,通常用can / may ,或其他更温和的回答方式:Yes,
please./ I’d rather you didn’t. I am afraid not. You’d better not
◎表示必要性
must 表―必须‖、否定是―不许‖ ―绝对禁止‖着重表示客观上的―必须‖,如其他人、法律、自然规律、政府要求做的事。
n don’t have to / don’t need to do sth / needn’t do 表不必
n should 表必要性,意为―(义务上)应该,比must弱。
详解
1、can / could / be able to
1)表能力:表示现在的或一般的能力时,can比be able to更普遍。一般的能力即你无论什么时间想做就能做到的能力。
cannot / can 不能表示是否做成了这件事。表示成功地做了某事(尤其是指在过去的某一时间)一般要用 was/ were able to。was / were able to表示在通过努力后才能达到的能力。相当于managed to do something / succeeded in doing sth
表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/were able to,而不能用could。
2)表推测 (可能性):所谓客观的(理论的)可能性, 即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生,此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。 can可用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性;而表示具体事情实际发生的可能
性时, can 一般不用于肯定句。
Accident can happen on such rainy days.
Fire can / could be dangerous if we are not careful
3)客观(理论的)的可能性can 4)具体事情实际发生的可能性
5)表请求、允许、允诺 6)表必要性
2、may, might
1)表推测,意为―可能、也许‖,用于肯定句中。
2)表请求、许可,意为―可以‖。3)表祝愿 4)may well 很可能
5)may as well 比had better 弱,勉强、迁就、无奈:―还是…的好, 不妨‖
3、must , have to
1). 表―必须‖ 2). 表 ― 推测‖
3.) 表―偏要‖
The car must break down just we were starting our holidays.
4、shall, should
1.) 表建议或征求对方同意。
2.) 表说话人的承诺、指示或命令。
3)表法律、规章上的―必须‖。
4)表示道义上的―应该‖、―应当‖。
5.)表示推测上的―应该‖、―可能‖。
5、Should
1)应当。You shouldn’t drink and drive.
2)该,可以。Should I call him and apologize?
3)(预期)可能,应该会。The roads should be less crowded today.
4)(与预期相反)本应。The bus should have arrived 10 minutes ago.
5)(表示虚拟结果)就将。
If I were asked to work on Sundays, I should resign.
6)(在间接引语中表示shall的过去时)
I asked him what time he should come
6、should, ought to
1)在表示―义务‖或―职责‖、―推论‖时含义相同。
2)表示―应该‖时,一般也可以通用,ought to 语气更强些,强调―有责任、有义务‖做某事,或―按道理应该如何‖; 与must不同,它不涉及说话人的权威,也与have to 不同,它也不涉及外界的权威。 should 含有―劝告、建议‖的语气,即―按我的想法应该如何‖的意思should & ought to
3)表―推测‖时,可译为―可能、该、估计、按理应当‖
7、will, would
1)表意愿
2) 表习惯:表示习惯性、重复性或典型性的动作。用一般现在时表示习惯性、重复性动作时,强调―描述性‖,而使用will+ 动词原形则在于强调―预断性‖
3)表规律 4)表推测(想必、也许、大概、可能)
5) 表习惯性动作 6)表执意、坚持 7) 表推测 8) 表礼貌
9、need, dare既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。
1)dare 除了与need 相同的用法外,还有一些助动词和实义动词用法的混合现象。如:
I daren’t quarrel with them.
I don’t dare quarrel (to) with them
10、完成时连用及补充
1)should have done / ought to have done 表示应该做而未做 (往往含有批评、责备之意)
2) ought not to have done ―本不应该做某事但实际上却做了‖
即指―某人做了傻事、错事或蠢事‖因而,往往含有批评、责备
之意。
3) must have done 表对过去事实的肯定推测
4) could have done 表示本可以做某事
5) 表推测:把握大:must (肯定)can’t (否定) can (客观性推测)
6) 把握小:may / might may not
◎练习
1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____
be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
6. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he_____not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at
the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
1. B 从第二个分句―他太矮了‖可以推知说话者持否定态度,needn’t意思是―没有必要‖,与语境不符。
2. C 根据句意―我已经告诉她怎样到那儿,但是或许我应该给她写下来‖可知,说话者含有―后悔、遗憾‖的意味,应使用―情态动词+完成式‖形式,―must+完成式‖表示对过去的肯定推测,―should+完成式‖才表示虚拟意义。
3. C 根据第二分句―否则的话他就会给我打电话了‖可知―Jack肯定还没到‖,―can’t+完成式‖意思是―根本不可能‖。
4. A 从第二分句可知,这是妇女和儿童专用候车室,因此你―不准‖坐在这儿。mustn’t表示―禁止,不准‖。
5. B can在此表示许可。
6. D 从后一句―他喜欢开车‖可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测,can not的语气太绝对,意思是―根本不可能‖。
7. D shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩,意思是―竟然‖。
9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will;否定回答用I won’t。
10. D 根据句意―我今天上午在会议室没见到她‖, 所以―她根本不可能在会上发言‖。表示―根本不可能‖用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。