高中英语语法定语从句之学案
概念
1. 容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2. 关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其
1）、首划先行词，区分人或物 2）、分析定语从句中缺何种成分 3）、根据分析，选择恰
1. 通常只能用that 的情况
1）．当先行词是不定代词等时
(something后可以用which) 。
没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
2）．先行词被
Few books that are on the subject are left.
3）.
They talked about things and persons that they remembered。
4）
5）先行词被等修饰时 This is the very /right book that I want.
This is just /right the book that I want.
6）．先行词是疑问词时或先行词 在由引导的特殊疑问句中时。
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? Which is the car that hit the boy?
7）. 关系词在从句中作表语时。
He is not the man that he was.（他已不是过去的他了）=He is not what he was
This is no longer the village that it used to be.
8) 在句型中
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
2．通常只能用which 的情况
1) 2) 如果句中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了另一个最好用
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
3) 先行词本身就是
I have that which you gave me.我有你给的那个。
4) which.
This is the one of which I’m speaking. 这就是我所讲的那个。
5).
This is the dictionary which, as I have told you, will help you with English
3． 只能用who 的情况
①先行词是指人的不定代词one, ones, nobody, everyone, anyone或all 时。
Anyone who does not study hard may fail the exam.
②先行词是those 和people 时。
Those who break the rule must be punished.
③在开头的句中。
There is a young man who wants to see you.
④先行词是I,he ，they 等人称代词时（常见于谚语中）
He who plays with fire gets burned.
He, who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. ⑤在非限制性定语从句中。
Peter, who is your friend, will give you a hand when you are in trouble.
4. 关系代词whose 的用法
Whose 是关系代词who 与which 的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语， whose 指人或物，在
从句中作定语。 He is an excellent teacher, （= the daughter of whom studies abroad. ） 注意：whose 经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词＋of+whom/which来替换，意义不变。
在非正式文体中也可以用of+whom/which+the+名词
巩固练习 填入适当的关系词
1. We should learn from those ____________ are always ready to help others.
2. He met my mother, from ___________ he got the news of my marriage.
3. This is not the only apple ______________ has rotten away.
4. I’ve read all the books _______________ our teacher requires us to read.
5. Please pass me the dictionary _______________ cover is black.
6. All the apples _____________ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
7. I can tell you all______________ he told me last week.
8. This is the biggest lab ______________ we have ever built in our university.
9. Is oxygen the only gas _______________ helps fire burn?
10. Air, _____________ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
11. This is the museum ____________ you saw the other day.
12. Who _________________ has common sense will do such a thing?
13. The girl ______________ aunt is a famous singer is fond of music.
14. The man ____________ talked to you just now is an engineer.
15. Do you have anything ____________ I can do for you?
16. Shanghai is the very place ______________ the foreigners are eager to visit.
17. It is the factory ____________ produces all kinds of TV sets.
18. A child ____________ parents are dead is called an orphan.
19. The last river _____________ they crossed is two miles wide.
20. Don’t do such things _________________ you are not sure about.
21. That is the office ______________ Lincoln once worked in.
22. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____________ the family was poor.
23. Finally, the thief handed everything ___________ he had stolen to the police.
24. He is not the man ________________ he was ten years ago..
25.There are many people_____________ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.
26. Who __________________knows him wants to make friends with him?
27. Which is the car _________________hit the boy?
28.The man ___________________coat is black is waiting at the gate
29.She heard a terrible noise, _________________ brought her heart into her mouth
30.This is the hero ______ whom we are proud.
（二）关系副词的用法
1．when
关系副词 when 引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。
He graduated from middle school in 2000 when he was 18.(in which)
注意：先行词是“时间名词” 如在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，关系词用which/that/as， 作状语用when 或介词+ which。
①I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent on that lonely island.
②I’ll never forget the day when/on which I joined the Party.
2． where
关系副词 Where 引导定从时, 只能在定从中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。
which). 注意：先行词是“地点名词”，如在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，关系词用which/that/as， 作状语用where 或介词+ which。
①That is the factory which/that produces 100,000TV sets a year.
②That is the factory where/in which his father once worked.
3．why
1）先行词是 用which/that/as，
① ②
2）当主句主语是reason 时，作主句表语的成分不能有和the reason why…is …，或者 the reason that … is …，如：
The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.
The reason that he told us for his absence is that he was ill.
（三）．介词+关系代词 （介词+which/whom/whose）
当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现" 介词+关系代词" 。先行词指物，用" 介词+which/whose", 指人则用" 介词
+whom/whose", 且关系代词均不能省略. 介词的选择要遵循以下原则：
1
2）、根据定语从句中形容词与介词的固定搭配
He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very interested.
3
He has not reached the age , _____ which he can marry.
4)
Water, _______________which man can not live, is very important for us.
the way做先行词时, 定语从句用 in which或that 引导，也可以不用关系词。
Eg. I don’t like the way ( in which/that )you speak to your mother.
注意：含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
This is the pen that/which he is looking for.
▲ the+ 名词+of+关系代词表示所有关系
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指事物的关系代词只能是which 。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which/whom+ the +名词”。
1) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
2)This is the boy _______the bike was stolen yesterday.
A. whom B. whose C. of whom D. of whose
▲表示部分的词语＋of ＋关系代词 ，表示整体与部分的关系
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指事物的关系代词只能是which 。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any； 数词(含基数词，序数
词，分数和百分数) ；数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级；以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter等。
二． as 引导的定语从句
当先行词与as 来引导定语从句, as 在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语。
①I want to have such books _____ you have. A. which B. that C. what D. as
②I know as many people_______are present at the meeting. A.that B.whom
C.who D.as
1) the same... as 和 the same ...that的用法辨异.
①That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类事物）
②That’s the same tool that I used last week. 那就是我上周用过的工具。（指原物）
2).such/so...as和such/so...that的用法辨异.
①It is such an interesting book/so interesting a book ____we all like.
②It is such an interesting book/ so interesting a book _____ we all like it.
A. that B.it C.as Dwhich
2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首，也可位于后面。（代替主句整个内容）
①_______is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C . That D. It
②.He did the experiment successfully, _______had been expected.
A. that B.it C.as D.what
三 as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
1..as as 常解释为“”, “ 。从句可位于句首，句中或句末。 常用于：as is known to all, as we all know, as often happens, as has been said before, as was expected, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as is reported in the newspaper等结构中。 As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
The earth goes around the sun, as everyone can see.
2. 用which 的情况
1) which 。
He made a long speech at the meeting , which we had not expected./which was unexpected.
2). which 。
He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange.
3）which “”， Tom didn’t pass the exam, which made his parents very disappointed.
He must come from the north, which can be judged from his accent.
注意：which 引导的非限制性定语从句，从句只能位于主句之后。
四．定语从句与其他句型的区分
1．定语从句与并列句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Mr Li has three daughters, none of __________ is an engineer．
②Mr Li has three daughters, but none of __________ is a dancer．
③Mr Li has three daughters; ___________ are doctors．
2． as 引导的非限制性定语从句与it 引导的句子。
The earth is round, and______ is known to all. The earth is round, ________is known to all. __________is known to all, the earth is round. ___________is known to all that the earth is round.
3． 定语从句与习惯句型
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①It is the first time ________ she has been in Shanghai．
②It was the time ________ Chinese people had a hard life．
4． 定语从句与单句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①The mother told the lazy boy to work, __________ didn't help．
②The mother told the lazy boy to work. __________ didn't help．
改错
1. Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．
2. Anyone who break the law will be punished．
3.The key opens the bike is missing．
4.The house where he lives in needs repairing．
5.I still remember the days when we spent together．
6.Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
7.It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
8. The first thing which you must do is to have a meal.
9. April 1st is the day when is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
10. The family whose had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
11. The house where we live in is very old.
12. Didn’t you see the man I talked with him just now？
13. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, where is famous for the West Lake
14. It is the third time when you have made the same mistake.
15. This is the very novel about that we've talked so much.
16. This is the way which he did it.
17. Who is the student he was late for school today?
15. Winter is the time of year which the days are short and nights are long.
16. He has two sons, both of them work as chemists.
17.He bought a book yesterday, it’s author is a teacher.
18.He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned
19.He is not the boy who he was ten years ago
20. It’s in the village where he grew up.
高中英语语法定语从句之学案
概念
1. 容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2. 关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其
1）、首划先行词，区分人或物 2）、分析定语从句中缺何种成分 3）、根据分析，选择恰
1. 通常只能用that 的情况
1）．当先行词是不定代词等时
(something后可以用which) 。
没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
2）．先行词被
Few books that are on the subject are left.
3）.
They talked about things and persons that they remembered。
4）
5）先行词被等修饰时 This is the very /right book that I want.
This is just /right the book that I want.
6）．先行词是疑问词时或先行词 在由引导的特殊疑问句中时。
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? Which is the car that hit the boy?
7）. 关系词在从句中作表语时。
He is not the man that he was.（他已不是过去的他了）=He is not what he was
This is no longer the village that it used to be.
8) 在句型中
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
2．通常只能用which 的情况
1) 2) 如果句中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了另一个最好用
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
3) 先行词本身就是
I have that which you gave me.我有你给的那个。
4) which.
This is the one of which I’m speaking. 这就是我所讲的那个。
5).
This is the dictionary which, as I have told you, will help you with English
3． 只能用who 的情况
①先行词是指人的不定代词one, ones, nobody, everyone, anyone或all 时。
Anyone who does not study hard may fail the exam.
②先行词是those 和people 时。
Those who break the rule must be punished.
③在开头的句中。
There is a young man who wants to see you.
④先行词是I,he ，they 等人称代词时（常见于谚语中）
He who plays with fire gets burned.
He, who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. ⑤在非限制性定语从句中。
Peter, who is your friend, will give you a hand when you are in trouble.
4. 关系代词whose 的用法
Whose 是关系代词who 与which 的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语， whose 指人或物，在
从句中作定语。 He is an excellent teacher, （= the daughter of whom studies abroad. ） 注意：whose 经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词＋of+whom/which来替换，意义不变。
在非正式文体中也可以用of+whom/which+the+名词
巩固练习 填入适当的关系词
1. We should learn from those ____________ are always ready to help others.
2. He met my mother, from ___________ he got the news of my marriage.
3. This is not the only apple ______________ has rotten away.
4. I’ve read all the books _______________ our teacher requires us to read.
5. Please pass me the dictionary _______________ cover is black.
6. All the apples _____________ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
7. I can tell you all______________ he told me last week.
8. This is the biggest lab ______________ we have ever built in our university.
9. Is oxygen the only gas _______________ helps fire burn?
10. Air, _____________ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
11. This is the museum ____________ you saw the other day.
12. Who _________________ has common sense will do such a thing?
13. The girl ______________ aunt is a famous singer is fond of music.
14. The man ____________ talked to you just now is an engineer.
15. Do you have anything ____________ I can do for you?
16. Shanghai is the very place ______________ the foreigners are eager to visit.
17. It is the factory ____________ produces all kinds of TV sets.
18. A child ____________ parents are dead is called an orphan.
19. The last river _____________ they crossed is two miles wide.
20. Don’t do such things _________________ you are not sure about.
21. That is the office ______________ Lincoln once worked in.
22. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____________ the family was poor.
23. Finally, the thief handed everything ___________ he had stolen to the police.
24. He is not the man ________________ he was ten years ago..
25.There are many people_____________ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.
26. Who __________________knows him wants to make friends with him?
27. Which is the car _________________hit the boy?
28.The man ___________________coat is black is waiting at the gate
29.She heard a terrible noise, _________________ brought her heart into her mouth
30.This is the hero ______ whom we are proud.
（二）关系副词的用法
1．when
关系副词 when 引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。
He graduated from middle school in 2000 when he was 18.(in which)
注意：先行词是“时间名词” 如在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，关系词用which/that/as， 作状语用when 或介词+ which。
①I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent on that lonely island.
②I’ll never forget the day when/on which I joined the Party.
2． where
关系副词 Where 引导定从时, 只能在定从中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。
which). 注意：先行词是“地点名词”，如在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，关系词用which/that/as， 作状语用where 或介词+ which。
①That is the factory which/that produces 100,000TV sets a year.
②That is the factory where/in which his father once worked.
3．why
1）先行词是 用which/that/as，
① ②
2）当主句主语是reason 时，作主句表语的成分不能有和the reason why…is …，或者 the reason that … is …，如：
The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.
The reason that he told us for his absence is that he was ill.
（三）．介词+关系代词 （介词+which/whom/whose）
当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现" 介词+关系代词" 。先行词指物，用" 介词+which/whose", 指人则用" 介词
+whom/whose", 且关系代词均不能省略. 介词的选择要遵循以下原则：
1
2）、根据定语从句中形容词与介词的固定搭配
He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very interested.
3
He has not reached the age , _____ which he can marry.
4)
Water, _______________which man can not live, is very important for us.
the way做先行词时, 定语从句用 in which或that 引导，也可以不用关系词。
Eg. I don’t like the way ( in which/that )you speak to your mother.
注意：含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
This is the pen that/which he is looking for.
▲ the+ 名词+of+关系代词表示所有关系
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指事物的关系代词只能是which 。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which/whom+ the +名词”。
1) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
2)This is the boy _______the bike was stolen yesterday.
A. whom B. whose C. of whom D. of whose
▲表示部分的词语＋of ＋关系代词 ，表示整体与部分的关系
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指事物的关系代词只能是which 。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any； 数词(含基数词，序数
词，分数和百分数) ；数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级；以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter等。
二． as 引导的定语从句
当先行词与as 来引导定语从句, as 在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语。
①I want to have such books _____ you have. A. which B. that C. what D. as
②I know as many people_______are present at the meeting. A.that B.whom
C.who D.as
1) the same... as 和 the same ...that的用法辨异.
①That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类事物）
②That’s the same tool that I used last week. 那就是我上周用过的工具。（指原物）
2).such/so...as和such/so...that的用法辨异.
①It is such an interesting book/so interesting a book ____we all like.
②It is such an interesting book/ so interesting a book _____ we all like it.
A. that B.it C.as Dwhich
2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首，也可位于后面。（代替主句整个内容）
①_______is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C . That D. It
②.He did the experiment successfully, _______had been expected.
A. that B.it C.as D.what
三 as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
1..as as 常解释为“”, “ 。从句可位于句首，句中或句末。 常用于：as is known to all, as we all know, as often happens, as has been said before, as was expected, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as is reported in the newspaper等结构中。 As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
The earth goes around the sun, as everyone can see.
2. 用which 的情况
1) which 。
He made a long speech at the meeting , which we had not expected./which was unexpected.
2). which 。
He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange.
3）which “”， Tom didn’t pass the exam, which made his parents very disappointed.
He must come from the north, which can be judged from his accent.
注意：which 引导的非限制性定语从句，从句只能位于主句之后。
四．定语从句与其他句型的区分
1．定语从句与并列句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Mr Li has three daughters, none of __________ is an engineer．
②Mr Li has three daughters, but none of __________ is a dancer．
③Mr Li has three daughters; ___________ are doctors．
2． as 引导的非限制性定语从句与it 引导的句子。
The earth is round, and______ is known to all. The earth is round, ________is known to all. __________is known to all, the earth is round. ___________is known to all that the earth is round.
3． 定语从句与习惯句型
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①It is the first time ________ she has been in Shanghai．
②It was the time ________ Chinese people had a hard life．
4． 定语从句与单句
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①The mother told the lazy boy to work, __________ didn't help．
②The mother told the lazy boy to work. __________ didn't help．
改错
1. Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．
2. Anyone who break the law will be punished．
3.The key opens the bike is missing．
4.The house where he lives in needs repairing．
5.I still remember the days when we spent together．
6.Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
7.It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
8. The first thing which you must do is to have a meal.
9. April 1st is the day when is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
10. The family whose had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
11. The house where we live in is very old.
12. Didn’t you see the man I talked with him just now？
13. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, where is famous for the West Lake
14. It is the third time when you have made the same mistake.
15. This is the very novel about that we've talked so much.
16. This is the way which he did it.
17. Who is the student he was late for school today?
15. Winter is the time of year which the days are short and nights are long.
16. He has two sons, both of them work as chemists.
17.He bought a book yesterday, it’s author is a teacher.
18.He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned
19.He is not the boy who he was ten years ago
20. It’s in the village where he grew up.