20
CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGDESIGN 25(4)化工设计2015,
地下车库抗浮分析及加固
张维秀
*
翟勇朴东杰张福军
张元琦
中国石油集团东北炼化工程公司
吉林市晟荣工程公司吉林132000
沈阳110000
摘要
分析某大型地下停车库施工中出现的底板鼓涨、裂缝冒水、框架柱出现斜裂缝等现象,计算代表
性结构单元整体抗浮能力、底板局部抗浮承载力,找出事故出现的原因是整体抗浮能力、底板承载力不足。提出解决方案,同时建议加固完成后增设附加刚性防水层以解决防水问题。
关键词
地下车库抗浮水位整体抗浮局部抗浮
DOI:10.15910/j.cnki.1007-6247.2015.04.004
某地下两层大型停车库,平面图见图1。主体结构为框架结构,与地上高层和多层建筑连为一体,施工时设后浇带。设计使用年限为50年,抗震设防烈度为7度。承重结构混凝土强度等级均为C35,外墙面、底板采用防水混凝土,抗渗等级P8,钢筋采用HRB335和HRB400级钢筋
。
5. 5m )、第四系全新河流冲积形成的粘性土(层厚0. 5 8. 2m )、砂类土(层厚0. 2 6. 4m )、碎石类土(本次揭露最大厚度8. 6m ),下伏花岗岩(本次揭露最大厚度11. 8m )。上层滞水埋藏于杂填土中,潜水埋藏于砂类土、卵石土层中,抗浮设计水位187. 340m 。该场地建筑物基础埋置于粉砂层之下的卵石层中。
2
2. 1
原设计抗浮能力验算
整体抗浮验算
为查明事故原因,按原设计图纸对地下车库
的整体抗浮和底板的局部抗浮承载力进行验算。抗浮计算剖面见图2
。
图1车库平面布置图
主体结构施工完成后,封闭后浇带并撤掉井点降水后不久,发现地下车库底板出现鼓涨和开裂,地下水剧烈涌出,地面大量积水,底板处于浸泡状态。
为防止底板上鼓的继续发展,建设单位在底板上堆满砂土,集水坑处用几台大功率水泵全天向外抽水。由于处理及时得当,底板上鼓的幅度不再扩大。经检查底板顶面最大裂缝宽度为1. 0mm ;负二层顶板也出现了裂缝,但较底板轻得多。
图2
抗浮计算剖面图
由于该工程平面面积很大,虽然地面上的多层和高层建筑对其抗浮有一定作用,但对远离高层建筑部位的影响很小。因此根据结构布置情况,选取具有代表性结构单元进行整体抗浮计算,即
1水文地质资料
场地内岩土组成为杂填土(层厚0. 5
*
张维秀:研究员,国家一级注册结构师,英联邦结构工程师(MICE )。1989年毕业于南京水利研究院。从事结构设计工作。联系电话:(0432)63959402,E -mail :Jly -zwx0247@petrochina. com. cn 。
取8. 400m ˑ 8. 100m 柱网为一个计算单元,见图3
。本代表性单元现有抗浮重量可承载的水位高度:
h =38. 56ː (1. 05ˑ 1. 0ˑ 10)
=3. 67m
车库负二层底板底绝对标高为181. 550m ,经整体抗浮承载力计算,地下车库代表性单元可承载的水位绝对标高为185. 220m ,不能满足现有水位标高185. 580m 抗浮要求,更不满足抗浮设计水位187. 340m 的抗浮要求。2. 2
现有水位标高底板承载力验算
本文按照现有水位185. 580m 采用经验系数法
图3
代表性结构计算单元图
计算底板内力。根据文献3,结构计算时取地下水浮力分项系数为1. 4,计算结果见表2。
表2
项目支座计算值,kN ·m /m弯
矩跨中计算值,
kN ·m /m
支座计算值,
mm 2支座实配值,
mm 2配
筋跨中计算值,
mm 2
跨中实配值,
mm 2
抗浮水位标高为187. 340m ,地下车库建筑层高为:4. 450和4. 200m ,地下二层底板板底标高为-10. 250m ,相当于绝对标高181. 550m ,地下二层顶板空心楼盖的空心率为35%,各结构构件均折算成混凝土楼板厚度,并计算出单位面积荷载,结果见表1。
表1
构件名称地库顶种植土地面找坡及找平层负一层顶楼板负一层顶主梁负一层顶次梁负二层空心楼板地下结构框架柱地库底板基础
地下两层楼面找平层合计G k
底板现有水位配筋计算结果
X 向柱上板带1056380
X 向跨中板带359317
Y 向柱上板带1099396
Y 向跨中板带374330
代表性结构单元折算混凝土板厚及自重
构件尺寸(mm )[1**********]0ˑ 820ˑ 7500(每单元1根)350ˑ 520ˑ 7800(每单元3根)320ˑ (1-35%)600ˑ 600ˑ 8650
300
2800ˑ 2800ˑ 800(每单元1个)200(未抹)
折算混凝土板厚(mm )
[***********]30055(200)1542(1742)
单位面积自重(kN /m2)
11. 205. 004. 501. 051. 585. 201. 157. 501. 38(5. 00)38. 56(43. 56)
[**************]27
[**************]7
[**************]28
[**************]8
表2结果表明,在现有水位标高185. 580m 时,该工程底板的支座实配钢筋不足,底板的承载力不满足规范要求,导致底板该部位开裂。
3
3. 1
解决方案及建议
整体抗浮能力不足的解决方案
结合底板承载力不足问题,考虑工程经济性、
使用功能和施工可行性等因素,建议增加500mm 底板厚度,同时上覆土层由700mm 增加到1000mm (需另外复核顶板承载力),以解决车库整体抗浮能力不足的问题,负二层净高为3. 38m ,不影响使用。计算结果见表3。
根据表3,采取措施后,本工程代表性单元单
2
位面积荷载为60. 68kN /m,结构可承载的水位
根据表1,本工程代表性结构单元单位面积自
2
重标准值为38. 56kN /m,抗浮稳定性应满足:
k =G k /Nw ≥k w
式中,k 为整体抗浮稳定安全系数;G k 为建筑自重标准值,kN ;N w 为水浮力标准值,kN ;k w 为抗浮稳定安全系数,根据文献1、2整体抗浮安全系数取1. 05。
高度:
h =60. 68ː (1. 05ˑ 1. 0ˑ 10)
=5. 80m
经整体抗浮承载力计算,地下车库代表性单元
表3
构件名称地库顶种植土地面找坡及找平层
负一层顶楼板负一层顶主梁负一层顶次梁
采取措施后代表性单元折算混凝土板厚及自重
构件尺寸(mm )1000200180
450ˑ 820ˑ 7500(每单元1根)350ˑ 520ˑ 7800(每单元3根)600ˑ 600ˑ 8650
300500
2800ˑ 2800ˑ 800(每单元1个)
200
单位面积折算混凝土
板厚(mm )自重(kN /m2)
64016. 00
[***********][1**********]4
5. 004. 501. 051. 585. 201. 157. 5012. 501. 385. 0060. 86
弯
矩
表4
项目
加固底板后按抗浮设计水位配筋计算结果
X 向柱
上板带1234444
X 向跨中板带420370
Y 向柱上板带1285462
Y 向跨中板带437385
支座计算值,kN ·m /m跨中计算值,kN ·m /m支座计算值,
mm 2支座实配值,(原有底板板底筋),mm 2
[**************]9
负二层空心楼板320ˑ (1-35%)地下结构框架柱地库底板新增地库底板基础
地下两层楼面找平层合计G k
[**************]8
构造要求配筋,
mm 2配
筋跨中计算值,
mm 2
跨中实配值(新增底板板底筋),mm 2构造要求配筋,mm 2
45561701
45561367
47251764
47251449
[**************]8
[**************]5
可承载的水位绝对标高为187. 35m ,满足抗浮水位187. 340m 的抗浮要求。3. 2
底板抗浮承载力不足解决方案
在原有底板上增加500mm 厚C35钢筋混凝土板,原有底板表面采用机械凿毛,新旧混凝土之间刷混凝土界面剂,轴线上布设锚筋,确保新旧混凝土共同工作。同样采用经验系数法计算,在抗浮设计水位187. 340m 时的配筋计算结果见表4。可见,在原有底板上增加500mm 底板后,原有的底板板底钢筋足够,只需在新增的底板上部配Φ16@150即可满足。裂缝验算结果见表5,满足三级防水裂缝要求。3. 3
防水问题
,该地下车库根据《地下工程防水技术规范》
防水等级为三级,在防水混凝土基础上还应设置一层附加防水。由于原设计的外部柔性防水已破坏,待底板补强完成后,外墙及底板内涂刷水泥基渗透结晶材料作为附加防水层。
表5
项目
加固底板后按抗浮设计水位裂缝验算结果
X 向柱上板带88154270. 1931754270. 07
X 向跨中板带30054270. 0626454270. 06
Y 向柱上板带91856280. 1933056280. 07
Y 向跨中板带31256280. 0627556280. 06
支座弯矩计算值,
kN ·m /m支座实配钢筋,
mm 2
支座裂缝宽度,
mm
跨中弯矩计算值,
kN ·m /m跨中实配钢筋,
mm 2
跨中裂缝宽,
mm
(3)加固方案建议采取综合措施,上部增加覆土厚度,底板加固500mm 厚,解决整体抗浮不足问题;加固底板上层布设Φ16@150钢筋网,以解决底板局部抗浮承载力不足问题。
(4)加固完成后,在外墙及底板内涂刷水泥基渗透结晶材料作为附加防水层,以解决防水问题。
参
1234
4结语
(1)该工程平面面积很大,地面上的多层和
考文献
GB 50007-2011,建筑地基基础设计规范[S ].
张维秀,姜洪波.地下水位与结构抗浮计算存在的问题[J ].石油化工设计,2008(2).
GB 50021-2001(2009版),岩土工程勘察规范[S ].GB 50108-2001,地下工程防水技术规范[S ].
(收稿日期2015-05-06)
高层建筑自重对代表性结构单元整体抗浮作用有
限,从而使得代表性结构单元抗浮重量不足,造成整体上浮。
(2)车库底板的支座配筋不足,地下车库底板的局部抗浮承载力不满足要求,导致底板该部位开裂。
2015,25(4)ABSTRACTSOF CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGDESIGN
1
ABSTRACTS
Ammonia ,Propylene ,Propane Compression Refrigeration
Energy Consumption Analysis
ChenRuiqian,et al
(China Wuhuan Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430223)
Based on the comparison of three refrigerants of ammonia ,propylene and propane used by compression refrigeration cycle ,this paper points out that the economic measures to improve the refrigeration cycle ,and gets the a cooling factor and energy consumption estimates by analog calculation for different cooling processes.Key words ammonia
compression refrigeration propane
energy consumption
propylene
theconstruction of a large underground parking garage and this paper calculates the whole anti-floating capacity of the representative structural units and the partial anti-floating capacity of base plate to find out the causes of the incidents which are the insufficient whole anti-floating capacity and insufficient base plate bearing capacity.This paper puts and at the same time proposes to add additional rigid forward the solution ,
waterproof layer after completing the reinforcement to solve the problem of waterproof.Key words floating
underground garage
anti-floating water level whole anti-partial anti-floating
Selection of Pneumatic Diaphragm Pump
Zhang Guozhao ,et al
(China Huanqiu ShanghaiConstructing &Engineering Corporation ,Shanghai 200032)
In this paper ,several aspects of pneumatic diaphragm pump such as working principle ,features ,performance curve ,common faults and handling are described for the selection of pneumatic diaphragm pumps.Key words performance curve
Discussion of the Corrosion Mechanism and Piping Material
Selection of Bottom Quench Unit of Wison-Shell
Coal Gasification Process Chen Fengchun ,el al
(Wison Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201210)
For the corrosion phenomenon of high temperature hydrogen corrosion ,wet H 2S corrosion ,stress corrosion etc.presence in bottom quench unit of Wison-Shell coal gasification process ,this paper discusses the Corresponding corrosion mechanism and influencing factors ;depending on the gas composition and working conditions of different operating range ,this paper proposes the key points for piping material selection.Key words selection
Analysis of 904L Stainless Steel Application in
Polypropylene Process Plant
Yu Yan ,el al
(China HuanqiuConstructing &Engineering Corporation ,Beijing 100012)
This paper analyzes the process conditions of the parts where the 904L stainless steel is used in Basell Spheripol polypropylene process ,and tries to find out the reasons for the choice of 904L stainless steel.Key words corrosion
Applicationof SmartPlant 3D in Cable Tray Design
Yao Yijun ,et al
(East China Engineering Science &Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230024)
Taking a project as an example ,this paper presents the application of a new generation SmartPlant 3D design software put out by INTERGRAPHin cable tray design.This paper also explains in detail the database customization of cable tray components ,cable tray design ,collision checking and other steps as well as the customization methods of cable tray material takeoff and cable tray layout plan during design.Key words 3D modeling computer aided design
engineering design
cable tray design
polypropylene 904L stainless steel
steam condensate
coal gasification unit
corrosion mechanism
material
pneumatic diaphragm pump
working principle
Architectural DesignPoints of Large-Scale Coal Gasification
Plant in Cold Areas
Wen Li
(China Tianchen Engineering Corporation ,Tianjin 300400)
According to cold climatic feature in the Northwest and Northeast of China.From the media characteristics of process production materials ,this paper analyzes the architectural features of each process section one by one and proposes the design points for fire prevention area classification ,explosion-proof calculation ,evacuation design and other design elements.Key words unit
coal chemical cold areas
explosion relief
coal water slurry gasification
fire prevention
Study on Calculation Method of Lateral Pressure of Circular Storage
Lu Yuzhu ,et al
(China Wuhuan Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430223)
In order to make the structural design of retaining wall of circular storage safe ,reliable ,economical and reasonable ,this paper studies the calculation methods of lateral pressure of stored material acting on the retaining wall.According to the different positions of sliding planes possibly occurring for the stored material inside circular storage ,the lateral pressure conditions can be divided into two cases.According to different conditions ,this paper uses limit equilibrium theory to deduce the corresponding calculation formula of the lateral pressure ,and to define to use the wedge trial method to determine the active lateral pressure of stored material.Considering the stored materials behind the wall not reach the active limit state ,the actual lateral pressure borne by the retaining wall is a value between the active lateral pressure and static lateral pressure.So the active lateral pressure coefficient is corrected.This paper refers to the relevant specification to provide suggestion value of correction coefficient.The example analysis demonstrates that the storage lateral pressure calculated according to above formula is well conform to the measured results ,and the retaining wall design by using this formula will be more economical.Key words
circular storage
retaining wall
lateral pressure
limit
equilibrium theory
Anti-Floating Analysis and Reinforcement
of Underground Garage Zhang Weixiu ,et al
(CNPC Northeast Refining&Chemical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110000)
Analysing the phenomenons appear as swelling of base plate ,water eruption at cracks and diagonal cracks in frame column etc.during
20
CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGDESIGN 25(4)化工设计2015,
地下车库抗浮分析及加固
张维秀
*
翟勇朴东杰张福军
张元琦
中国石油集团东北炼化工程公司
吉林市晟荣工程公司吉林132000
沈阳110000
摘要
分析某大型地下停车库施工中出现的底板鼓涨、裂缝冒水、框架柱出现斜裂缝等现象,计算代表
性结构单元整体抗浮能力、底板局部抗浮承载力,找出事故出现的原因是整体抗浮能力、底板承载力不足。提出解决方案,同时建议加固完成后增设附加刚性防水层以解决防水问题。
关键词
地下车库抗浮水位整体抗浮局部抗浮
DOI:10.15910/j.cnki.1007-6247.2015.04.004
某地下两层大型停车库,平面图见图1。主体结构为框架结构,与地上高层和多层建筑连为一体,施工时设后浇带。设计使用年限为50年,抗震设防烈度为7度。承重结构混凝土强度等级均为C35,外墙面、底板采用防水混凝土,抗渗等级P8,钢筋采用HRB335和HRB400级钢筋
。
5. 5m )、第四系全新河流冲积形成的粘性土(层厚0. 5 8. 2m )、砂类土(层厚0. 2 6. 4m )、碎石类土(本次揭露最大厚度8. 6m ),下伏花岗岩(本次揭露最大厚度11. 8m )。上层滞水埋藏于杂填土中,潜水埋藏于砂类土、卵石土层中,抗浮设计水位187. 340m 。该场地建筑物基础埋置于粉砂层之下的卵石层中。
2
2. 1
原设计抗浮能力验算
整体抗浮验算
为查明事故原因,按原设计图纸对地下车库
的整体抗浮和底板的局部抗浮承载力进行验算。抗浮计算剖面见图2
。
图1车库平面布置图
主体结构施工完成后,封闭后浇带并撤掉井点降水后不久,发现地下车库底板出现鼓涨和开裂,地下水剧烈涌出,地面大量积水,底板处于浸泡状态。
为防止底板上鼓的继续发展,建设单位在底板上堆满砂土,集水坑处用几台大功率水泵全天向外抽水。由于处理及时得当,底板上鼓的幅度不再扩大。经检查底板顶面最大裂缝宽度为1. 0mm ;负二层顶板也出现了裂缝,但较底板轻得多。
图2
抗浮计算剖面图
由于该工程平面面积很大,虽然地面上的多层和高层建筑对其抗浮有一定作用,但对远离高层建筑部位的影响很小。因此根据结构布置情况,选取具有代表性结构单元进行整体抗浮计算,即
1水文地质资料
场地内岩土组成为杂填土(层厚0. 5
*
张维秀:研究员,国家一级注册结构师,英联邦结构工程师(MICE )。1989年毕业于南京水利研究院。从事结构设计工作。联系电话:(0432)63959402,E -mail :Jly -zwx0247@petrochina. com. cn 。
取8. 400m ˑ 8. 100m 柱网为一个计算单元,见图3
。本代表性单元现有抗浮重量可承载的水位高度:
h =38. 56ː (1. 05ˑ 1. 0ˑ 10)
=3. 67m
车库负二层底板底绝对标高为181. 550m ,经整体抗浮承载力计算,地下车库代表性单元可承载的水位绝对标高为185. 220m ,不能满足现有水位标高185. 580m 抗浮要求,更不满足抗浮设计水位187. 340m 的抗浮要求。2. 2
现有水位标高底板承载力验算
本文按照现有水位185. 580m 采用经验系数法
图3
代表性结构计算单元图
计算底板内力。根据文献3,结构计算时取地下水浮力分项系数为1. 4,计算结果见表2。
表2
项目支座计算值,kN ·m /m弯
矩跨中计算值,
kN ·m /m
支座计算值,
mm 2支座实配值,
mm 2配
筋跨中计算值,
mm 2
跨中实配值,
mm 2
抗浮水位标高为187. 340m ,地下车库建筑层高为:4. 450和4. 200m ,地下二层底板板底标高为-10. 250m ,相当于绝对标高181. 550m ,地下二层顶板空心楼盖的空心率为35%,各结构构件均折算成混凝土楼板厚度,并计算出单位面积荷载,结果见表1。
表1
构件名称地库顶种植土地面找坡及找平层负一层顶楼板负一层顶主梁负一层顶次梁负二层空心楼板地下结构框架柱地库底板基础
地下两层楼面找平层合计G k
底板现有水位配筋计算结果
X 向柱上板带1056380
X 向跨中板带359317
Y 向柱上板带1099396
Y 向跨中板带374330
代表性结构单元折算混凝土板厚及自重
构件尺寸(mm )[1**********]0ˑ 820ˑ 7500(每单元1根)350ˑ 520ˑ 7800(每单元3根)320ˑ (1-35%)600ˑ 600ˑ 8650
300
2800ˑ 2800ˑ 800(每单元1个)200(未抹)
折算混凝土板厚(mm )
[***********]30055(200)1542(1742)
单位面积自重(kN /m2)
11. 205. 004. 501. 051. 585. 201. 157. 501. 38(5. 00)38. 56(43. 56)
[**************]27
[**************]7
[**************]28
[**************]8
表2结果表明,在现有水位标高185. 580m 时,该工程底板的支座实配钢筋不足,底板的承载力不满足规范要求,导致底板该部位开裂。
3
3. 1
解决方案及建议
整体抗浮能力不足的解决方案
结合底板承载力不足问题,考虑工程经济性、
使用功能和施工可行性等因素,建议增加500mm 底板厚度,同时上覆土层由700mm 增加到1000mm (需另外复核顶板承载力),以解决车库整体抗浮能力不足的问题,负二层净高为3. 38m ,不影响使用。计算结果见表3。
根据表3,采取措施后,本工程代表性单元单
2
位面积荷载为60. 68kN /m,结构可承载的水位
根据表1,本工程代表性结构单元单位面积自
2
重标准值为38. 56kN /m,抗浮稳定性应满足:
k =G k /Nw ≥k w
式中,k 为整体抗浮稳定安全系数;G k 为建筑自重标准值,kN ;N w 为水浮力标准值,kN ;k w 为抗浮稳定安全系数,根据文献1、2整体抗浮安全系数取1. 05。
高度:
h =60. 68ː (1. 05ˑ 1. 0ˑ 10)
=5. 80m
经整体抗浮承载力计算,地下车库代表性单元
表3
构件名称地库顶种植土地面找坡及找平层
负一层顶楼板负一层顶主梁负一层顶次梁
采取措施后代表性单元折算混凝土板厚及自重
构件尺寸(mm )1000200180
450ˑ 820ˑ 7500(每单元1根)350ˑ 520ˑ 7800(每单元3根)600ˑ 600ˑ 8650
300500
2800ˑ 2800ˑ 800(每单元1个)
200
单位面积折算混凝土
板厚(mm )自重(kN /m2)
64016. 00
[***********][1**********]4
5. 004. 501. 051. 585. 201. 157. 5012. 501. 385. 0060. 86
弯
矩
表4
项目
加固底板后按抗浮设计水位配筋计算结果
X 向柱
上板带1234444
X 向跨中板带420370
Y 向柱上板带1285462
Y 向跨中板带437385
支座计算值,kN ·m /m跨中计算值,kN ·m /m支座计算值,
mm 2支座实配值,(原有底板板底筋),mm 2
[**************]9
负二层空心楼板320ˑ (1-35%)地下结构框架柱地库底板新增地库底板基础
地下两层楼面找平层合计G k
[**************]8
构造要求配筋,
mm 2配
筋跨中计算值,
mm 2
跨中实配值(新增底板板底筋),mm 2构造要求配筋,mm 2
45561701
45561367
47251764
47251449
[**************]8
[**************]5
可承载的水位绝对标高为187. 35m ,满足抗浮水位187. 340m 的抗浮要求。3. 2
底板抗浮承载力不足解决方案
在原有底板上增加500mm 厚C35钢筋混凝土板,原有底板表面采用机械凿毛,新旧混凝土之间刷混凝土界面剂,轴线上布设锚筋,确保新旧混凝土共同工作。同样采用经验系数法计算,在抗浮设计水位187. 340m 时的配筋计算结果见表4。可见,在原有底板上增加500mm 底板后,原有的底板板底钢筋足够,只需在新增的底板上部配Φ16@150即可满足。裂缝验算结果见表5,满足三级防水裂缝要求。3. 3
防水问题
,该地下车库根据《地下工程防水技术规范》
防水等级为三级,在防水混凝土基础上还应设置一层附加防水。由于原设计的外部柔性防水已破坏,待底板补强完成后,外墙及底板内涂刷水泥基渗透结晶材料作为附加防水层。
表5
项目
加固底板后按抗浮设计水位裂缝验算结果
X 向柱上板带88154270. 1931754270. 07
X 向跨中板带30054270. 0626454270. 06
Y 向柱上板带91856280. 1933056280. 07
Y 向跨中板带31256280. 0627556280. 06
支座弯矩计算值,
kN ·m /m支座实配钢筋,
mm 2
支座裂缝宽度,
mm
跨中弯矩计算值,
kN ·m /m跨中实配钢筋,
mm 2
跨中裂缝宽,
mm
(3)加固方案建议采取综合措施,上部增加覆土厚度,底板加固500mm 厚,解决整体抗浮不足问题;加固底板上层布设Φ16@150钢筋网,以解决底板局部抗浮承载力不足问题。
(4)加固完成后,在外墙及底板内涂刷水泥基渗透结晶材料作为附加防水层,以解决防水问题。
参
1234
4结语
(1)该工程平面面积很大,地面上的多层和
考文献
GB 50007-2011,建筑地基基础设计规范[S ].
张维秀,姜洪波.地下水位与结构抗浮计算存在的问题[J ].石油化工设计,2008(2).
GB 50021-2001(2009版),岩土工程勘察规范[S ].GB 50108-2001,地下工程防水技术规范[S ].
(收稿日期2015-05-06)
高层建筑自重对代表性结构单元整体抗浮作用有
限,从而使得代表性结构单元抗浮重量不足,造成整体上浮。
(2)车库底板的支座配筋不足,地下车库底板的局部抗浮承载力不满足要求,导致底板该部位开裂。
2015,25(4)ABSTRACTSOF CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGDESIGN
1
ABSTRACTS
Ammonia ,Propylene ,Propane Compression Refrigeration
Energy Consumption Analysis
ChenRuiqian,et al
(China Wuhuan Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430223)
Based on the comparison of three refrigerants of ammonia ,propylene and propane used by compression refrigeration cycle ,this paper points out that the economic measures to improve the refrigeration cycle ,and gets the a cooling factor and energy consumption estimates by analog calculation for different cooling processes.Key words ammonia
compression refrigeration propane
energy consumption
propylene
theconstruction of a large underground parking garage and this paper calculates the whole anti-floating capacity of the representative structural units and the partial anti-floating capacity of base plate to find out the causes of the incidents which are the insufficient whole anti-floating capacity and insufficient base plate bearing capacity.This paper puts and at the same time proposes to add additional rigid forward the solution ,
waterproof layer after completing the reinforcement to solve the problem of waterproof.Key words floating
underground garage
anti-floating water level whole anti-partial anti-floating
Selection of Pneumatic Diaphragm Pump
Zhang Guozhao ,et al
(China Huanqiu ShanghaiConstructing &Engineering Corporation ,Shanghai 200032)
In this paper ,several aspects of pneumatic diaphragm pump such as working principle ,features ,performance curve ,common faults and handling are described for the selection of pneumatic diaphragm pumps.Key words performance curve
Discussion of the Corrosion Mechanism and Piping Material
Selection of Bottom Quench Unit of Wison-Shell
Coal Gasification Process Chen Fengchun ,el al
(Wison Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201210)
For the corrosion phenomenon of high temperature hydrogen corrosion ,wet H 2S corrosion ,stress corrosion etc.presence in bottom quench unit of Wison-Shell coal gasification process ,this paper discusses the Corresponding corrosion mechanism and influencing factors ;depending on the gas composition and working conditions of different operating range ,this paper proposes the key points for piping material selection.Key words selection
Analysis of 904L Stainless Steel Application in
Polypropylene Process Plant
Yu Yan ,el al
(China HuanqiuConstructing &Engineering Corporation ,Beijing 100012)
This paper analyzes the process conditions of the parts where the 904L stainless steel is used in Basell Spheripol polypropylene process ,and tries to find out the reasons for the choice of 904L stainless steel.Key words corrosion
Applicationof SmartPlant 3D in Cable Tray Design
Yao Yijun ,et al
(East China Engineering Science &Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230024)
Taking a project as an example ,this paper presents the application of a new generation SmartPlant 3D design software put out by INTERGRAPHin cable tray design.This paper also explains in detail the database customization of cable tray components ,cable tray design ,collision checking and other steps as well as the customization methods of cable tray material takeoff and cable tray layout plan during design.Key words 3D modeling computer aided design
engineering design
cable tray design
polypropylene 904L stainless steel
steam condensate
coal gasification unit
corrosion mechanism
material
pneumatic diaphragm pump
working principle
Architectural DesignPoints of Large-Scale Coal Gasification
Plant in Cold Areas
Wen Li
(China Tianchen Engineering Corporation ,Tianjin 300400)
According to cold climatic feature in the Northwest and Northeast of China.From the media characteristics of process production materials ,this paper analyzes the architectural features of each process section one by one and proposes the design points for fire prevention area classification ,explosion-proof calculation ,evacuation design and other design elements.Key words unit
coal chemical cold areas
explosion relief
coal water slurry gasification
fire prevention
Study on Calculation Method of Lateral Pressure of Circular Storage
Lu Yuzhu ,et al
(China Wuhuan Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430223)
In order to make the structural design of retaining wall of circular storage safe ,reliable ,economical and reasonable ,this paper studies the calculation methods of lateral pressure of stored material acting on the retaining wall.According to the different positions of sliding planes possibly occurring for the stored material inside circular storage ,the lateral pressure conditions can be divided into two cases.According to different conditions ,this paper uses limit equilibrium theory to deduce the corresponding calculation formula of the lateral pressure ,and to define to use the wedge trial method to determine the active lateral pressure of stored material.Considering the stored materials behind the wall not reach the active limit state ,the actual lateral pressure borne by the retaining wall is a value between the active lateral pressure and static lateral pressure.So the active lateral pressure coefficient is corrected.This paper refers to the relevant specification to provide suggestion value of correction coefficient.The example analysis demonstrates that the storage lateral pressure calculated according to above formula is well conform to the measured results ,and the retaining wall design by using this formula will be more economical.Key words
circular storage
retaining wall
lateral pressure
limit
equilibrium theory
Anti-Floating Analysis and Reinforcement
of Underground Garage Zhang Weixiu ,et al
(CNPC Northeast Refining&Chemical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110000)
Analysing the phenomenons appear as swelling of base plate ,water eruption at cracks and diagonal cracks in frame column etc.during